Circumflex

The circumflex comes from the Greek alphabet where it marked pitch. It was originally a combination of acute and grave accent. Note that the circumflex is easily confused with the similar looking inverted breve ◌̑.

Circumflex in Unicode

Characters with Circumflex

^

ˆ

◌̂

Â

â

Ấ

ấ

Ầ

ầ

Ẩ

ẩ

Ẫ

ẫ

U+005E

U+02C6

U+0302

U+00C2

U+00E2

U+1EA4

U+1EA5

U+1EA6

U+1EA7

U+1EA8

U+1EA9

U+1EAA

U+1EAB

Circumflex Accent

Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent

Combining Circumflex Accent

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead, ˄ (U+02C4); or Up Arrowhead, ⌃ (U+2303).

Ậ

ậ

Ĉ

ĉ

Ê

ê

Ế

ế

Ề

ề

Ể

ể

Ễ

U+1EAC

U+1EAD

U+0108

U+0109

U+00CA

​ U+00EA

U+1EBE

U+1EBF

U+1EC0

U+1EC1

U+1EC2

U+1EC3

U+1EC4

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter C With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter C With Circumflex

​ Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

ễ

Ệ

ệ

Ĝ

ĝ

Ĥ

ĥ

Î

î

Ĵ

ĵ

Ô

ô

U+1EC5

U+1EC6

U+1EC7

U+011C

U+011D

U+0124

U+0125

U+00CE

U+00EE

U+0134

U+0135

U+00D4

U+00F4

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex

Latin Small Ltter I With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex

Ố

ố

Ồ

ồ

Ổ

ổ

Ỗ

ỗ

Ộ

ộ

Ŝ

ŝ

Û

U+1ED0

U+1ED1

U+1ED2

U+1ED3

U+1ED4

U+1ED5

U+1ED6

U+1ED7

U+1ED8

U+1ED9

U+015C

U+015D

U+00DB

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter U With Circumflex

û

Ŵ

ŵ

Ŷ

ŷ

Ẑ

ẑ

U+00FB

​ U+0174

U+0175

U+0176

U+0177

U+1E90

U+1E91

Latin Small Letter U With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Z With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Z With Circumflex

Circumflex in Natlangs

Uses of Circumflex

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Central vowel	Moldovan, Romanian	Ââ /ɨ/, Îî /ɨ/	Ââ and Îî both stand for the same sound, but Ââ is used word-internally, and Îî initially and finally. Exceptions are compound words and proper nouns.
Diphthong	Slovak	Ôô /u̯o/
Long vowel	Japanese (Nihon-siki romanization)	Ââ /aː/, Êê /eː/, Îî /iː/, Ôô /oː/, Ûû /uː/	This is the official way of spelling the long vowels, but it is not always followed. See the note about Japanese on Macron.
Long vowel with low pitch	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ââ /àː/, Êê /ɛ̀ː/, Ệệ /èː/, Îî /ìː/, Ôô /ɔ̀ː/, Ộộ /òː/, Ûû /ùː/	Inverted breve may be used instead of circumflex. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.
Raised vowel	Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation)	Êê /ˈeː/, Ôô /ˈoː/	The circumflex marks that these vowel are stressed, long, and mid-close instead of mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.
	Vietnamese	Ââ /ə˧/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˧˨/, Êê /e˧/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˧˨/, Ôô /o˧/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˧˨/	Generally, unaccented Aa, Ee, Oo stand for /aː, ɛ, ɔ/. There are many exceptions to the phonemic value of all these letters though.
Rising tone	Min Nan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī orthography)	Ââ /a˨˦/, Âⁿ âⁿ /ã˨˦/, Êê /e˨˦/, Êⁿ êⁿ /ẽ˨˦/, Îî /i˨˦/, Îⁿ îⁿ /ĩ˨˦/, M̂m̂ /m̩˨˦/, N̂g n̂g /ŋ̍˨˦/, Ôô /ə˨˦/, Ôⁿ ôⁿ /ɔ̃˨˦/, Ô͘ô͘ /ɔ˨˦/, Ûû /u˨˦/, Ûⁿ ûⁿ /u˨˦/	There is much variation in the tones and vowel qualities between different dialects of Min Nan. The vowel qualities here seem to be an approximation between the dialects, while the tones here are as they are pronounced in Taipei.

Circumflex in Conlangs

Uses of Circumflex

Usage	Language	Creator	Letters	Notes
Stressed long vowel	Liu (external romanization)	Qwynegold	Ââ /ˈaː/, Êê /ˈeː/, Îî /ˈiː/, Ôô /ˈoː/, Ûû /ˈuː/	In the native script, the corresponding diacritic would only be used when the syllable lacked an onset, because stress would otherwise be marked on the first consonant. But the romanization marks stress on vowels only, for simplicity's sake.

See Also

• Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet
• Circumflex Below
• Inverted Breve