Caron: Difference between revisions
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*[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]] | *[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]] | ||
*[[Breve]] | *[[Breve]] | ||
*[http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf Transliteration of Arabic] (Pedersen, Thomas. 2008.) has a concise list of comparisons between DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UNGEGN, ALA-LC, and The Encyclopedia of Islam romanizations of Arabic. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 07:38, 24 February 2015
Caron is also known as háček or haček. It originated from dot above in Czech orthography.[1] Note that the caron is easily confused with the similar looking breve ˘, especially in small font sizes.
Caron in Unicode
| ˇ | ◌̌ | Ǎ | ǎ | Č | č | Ď | ď | DŽ | Dž | dž | Ě | ě |
| U+02C7 | U+030C | U+01CD | U+01CD | U+010C | U+010D | U+010E | U+010F | U+01C4 | U+01C5 | U+01C6 | U+011A | U+011B |
| Caron | Combining Caron | Latin Letter Capital A With Caron | Latin Letter Small A With Caron | Latin Capital Letter C With Caron | Latin Small Letter C With Caron | Latin Capital Letter D With Caron | Latin Small Letter D With Caron | Latin Capital Letter Dz With Caron | Latin Capital Letter D With Small Letter Z With Caron | Latin Small Letter Dz With Caron | Latin Capital Letter E With Caron | Latin Small Letter E With Caron |
| Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead, ˅ (U+02C5). | Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the d. | |||||||||||
| Ǧ | ǧ | Ȟ | ȟ | Ǐ | ǐ | ǰ | Ǩ | ǩ | Ľ | ľ | Ň | ň |
| U+01E6 | U+01E7 | U+021E | U+021F | U+01CF | U+01D0 | U+01F0 | U+01E8 | U+01E9 | U+013D | U+013E | U+0147 | U+0148 |
| Latin Capital Letter G With Caron | Latin Small Letter G With Caron | Latin Capital Letter H With Caron | Latin Small Letter H With Caron | Latin Capital Letter I With Caron | Latin Small Letter I With Caron | Latin Small Letter J With Caron | Latin Capital Letter K With Caron | Latin Small Letter K With Caron | Latin Capital Letter L With Caron | Latin Small Letter L With Caron | Latin Capital Letter N With Caron | Latin Small Letter N With Caron |
| Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the Ll. | ||||||||||||
| Ǒ | ǒ | Ř | ř | Š | š | Ṧ | ṧ | Ť | ť | Ǔ | ǔ | Ǚ |
| U+01D1 | U+01D2 | U+0158 | U+0159 | U+0160 | U+0161 | U+1E66 | U+1E67 | U+0164 | U+0165 | U+01D3 | U+01D4 | U+01D9 |
| Latin Capital Letter O With Caron | Latin Small Letter O With Caron | Latin Capital Letter R With Caron | Latin Small Letter R With Caron | Latin Capital Letter S With Caron | Latin Small Letter S With Caron | Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above | Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above | Latin Capital Letter T With Caron | Latin Small Letter T With Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Caron | Latin Small Letter U With Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron |
| Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the t. | ||||||||||||
| ǚ | Ž | ž | Ǯ | ǯ | ||||||||
| U+01DA | U+017D | U+017E | U+01EE | U+01EF | ||||||||
| Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Capital Letter Z With Caron | Latin Small Letter Z With Caron | Latin Capital Letter Ezh With Caron | Latin Small Letter Ezh With Caron | ||||||||
Caron in Natlangs
| Usage | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change of manner of articulation | Czech | Řř /r̝/ | This is a raised non-sonorant trill. Unaccented Rr stands for /r/.[2] |
| Falling-rising (dipping) tone | Mandarin (Pinyin romanization) | Ǎǎ /a˨˩˦/, Ěě /ə˨˩˦/, Ǐǐ /i˨˩˦/, Ǒǒ /ə˨˩˦/, Ǔǔ /u˨˩˦/, Ǚǚ /y˨˩˦/ | Pinyin was created in the 1950s, and its tone marks were based on the Bopomofo phonetic notation.[3] Note that these tone values are based on the Beijing dialect.[4] |
| Palatal phoneme | Czech | Ďď /ɟ/, Ěě /(j)ɛ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/ | Ěě stands for an /ɛ/ that makes a previous Dd, Nn, Tt be /ɟ, ɲ, c/, a previous Bb, Ff, Pp, Vv be /bj, fj, pj, vj/, and a previous Mm /mɲ/. This letter is not found in other positions.[5] |
| Slovak | Ďď /ɟ/, Ľľ /ʎ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/ | In Slovak handwriting ď, ľ and ť have an actual caron instead of an apostrophe.[6] | |
| Postalveolar consonant | Akkadian (DMG-umschrift transliteration), Ancient Egyptian (traditional transliteration) | Šš /ʃ/ | Because Akkadian[7] and Ancient Egyptian[8] are extinct languages, the exact pronunciation can't be known for sure; so the phonemic representation here might not be entirely accurate. |
| Arabic (DIN 31635 romanization, ISO/R 233 romanization) | Čč /t͡ʃ/, Ǧǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ~zˤ/ | Čč and Žž represent the letters چ and ز which are not Arabic letters, but can be used in Arabic texts for transcribing sounds found in other languages.[9][10] | |
| Arabic (ISO 233 romanization) | Ǧǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, Šš /ʃ/ | ||
| Arabic (Hans Wehr romanization) | ǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, š /ʃ/, ž /ʒ~zˤ/ | ǧ was replaced by j in the fourth edition of this romanization scheme.[11] ž represents the letter ز which is not an Arabic letter, but can be used in Arabic texts for transcribing sounds found in other languages.[10] Hans Wehr romanization does not include capital letters.[11] | |
| Czech, Latgalian, Latvian | Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | Unaccented Cc stands for /ts/ in Czech, Latvian and Latgalian. | |
| Livonian | Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | ||
| Slovak | Čč /tʃ/, DŽdž /dʒ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | ||
| Uvular consonant | Heiltsuk-Oowekyala (Heiltsuk dialect, official orthography and Rath's orthography) | Ǧǧ /ɢ/, Ǧv ǧv /ɢʷ/, X̌x̌ /χ/, X̌v x̌v /χʷ/ | Note that X̌x̌ is not a precomposed letter. |
See Also
- Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet
- Breve
- Transliteration of Arabic (Pedersen, Thomas. 2008.) has a concise list of comparisons between DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UNGEGN, ALA-LC, and The Encyclopedia of Islam romanizations of Arabic.
References
- ↑ Caron, Origin at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Czech language, Consonants at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Pinyin, History after 1949 at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Mandarin Chinese, Tones at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Czech orthography, Letter Ě at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Slovak language, Orthography at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Akkadian language, Phonetics and phonology at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Egyptian language, Phonology at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Che (Persian letter) at Wikipedia.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Že at Wikipedia.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Hans Wehr transliteration at Wikipedia.
