Caron

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Caron is also known as háček or haček. It originated from dot above in Czech orthography.[1] Note that the caron is easily confused with the similar looking breve ˘, especially in small font sizes.

Caron in Unicode

Characters with Caron
ˇ ◌̌ Ǎ ǎ Č č Ď ď DŽ Dž dž Ě ě
U+02C7 U+030C U+01CD U+01CD U+010C U+010D U+010E U+010F U+01C4 U+01C5 U+01C6 U+011A U+011B
Caron Combining Caron Latin Letter Capital A With Caron Latin Letter Small A With Caron Latin Capital Letter C With Caron Latin Small Letter C With Caron Latin Capital Letter D With Caron Latin Small Letter D With Caron Latin Capital Letter Dz With Caron Latin Capital Letter D With Small Letter Z With Caron Latin Small Letter Dz With Caron Latin Capital Letter E With Caron Latin Small Letter E With Caron
Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead, ˅ (U+02C5). Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the d.
Ǧ ǧ Ȟ ȟ Ǐ ǐ ǰ Ǩ ǩ Ľ ľ Ň ň
U+01E6 U+01E7 U+021E U+021F U+01CF U+01D0 U+01F0 ​ U+01E8 U+01E9 U+013D U+013E U+0147 U+0148
Latin Capital Letter G With Caron Latin Small Letter G With Caron Latin Capital Letter H With Caron Latin Small Letter H With Caron Latin Capital Letter I With Caron Latin Small Letter I With Caron Latin Small Letter J With Caron Latin Capital Letter K With Caron Latin Small Letter K With Caron Latin Capital Letter L With Caron Latin Small Letter L With Caron Latin Capital Letter N With Caron Latin Small Letter N With Caron
Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the Ll.
Ǒ ǒ Ř ř Š š Ť ť Ǔ ǔ Ǚ
U+01D1 U+01D2 U+0158 U+0159 U+0160 U+0161 U+1E66 U+1E67 U+0164 U+0165 U+01D3 U+01D4 U+01D9
Latin Capital Letter O With Caron Latin Small Letter O With Caron Latin Capital Letter R With Caron Latin Small Letter R With Caron Latin Capital Letter S With Caron Latin Small Letter S With Caron Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above Latin Capital Letter T With Caron Latin Small Letter T With Caron Latin Capital Letter U With Caron Latin Small Letter U With Caron Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron
Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the t.
ǚ Ž ž Ǯ ǯ
U+01DA U+017D U+017E U+01EE U+01EF
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron Latin Capital Letter Z With Caron Latin Small Letter Z With Caron Latin Capital Letter Ezh With Caron Latin Small Letter Ezh With Caron

Caron in Natlangs

Uses of Caron
Usage Language Letters Notes
Alphabet extension Pashto (Yaqubi romanization) Čč /tʃ/, Ěě /ə/, Šš /ʃ/, Š̱š̱ /ʂ/, Žž /ʒ/, Ẕ̌ẕ̌ /ʐ/ Cc, Ee, Ss, S̱s̱, Zz, Ẕẕ without caron stand for /ts, e, s, s, z, z/ respectively.[2]
Change of manner of articulation Czech Řř /r̝/ This is a raised non-sonorant trill. Unaccented Rr stands for /r/.[3]
Disambiguation in transliteration Amharic (BGN/PCGN 1967 transliteration) Šš /s/ The Geʽez script has two types of characters that are both pronounced /s/ in Amharic due to sound mergers. These may be transliterated with Ss and Šš. The caron may also be dropped though.[4]
Falling-rising (dipping) tone Fon Ǎǎ [a᷉], Ěě [e᷉], Ɛ̌ɛ̌ [ɛ᷉], Ǐǐ [i᷉], Ǒǒ [o᷉], Ɔ̌ɔ̌ [ɔ᷉], Ǔǔ [u᷉] The falling-rising tone is not phonemic in Fon, but it is still marked with a caron. Tones are however not always marked at all.[5] Note that Ɛ̌ɛ̌ and Ɔ̌ɔ̌ are not precomposed characters.
Mandarin (Pinyin romanization) Ǎǎ /a˨˩˦/, Ěě /ə˨˩˦/, Ǐǐ /i˨˩˦/, Ǒǒ /ə˨˩˦/, Ǔǔ /u˨˩˦/, Ǚǚ /y˨˩˦/ Pinyin was created in the 1950s, and its tone marks were based on the Bopomofo phonetic notation.[6] Note that these tone values are based on the Beijing dialect.[7]
Palatal phoneme Czech Ďď /ɟ/, Ěě /(j)ɛ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/ Ěě stands for an /ɛ/ that makes a previous Dd, Nn, Tt be /ɟ, ɲ, c/, a previous Bb, Ff, Pp, Vv be /bj, fj, pj, vj/, and a previous Mm /mɲ/. This letter is not found in other positions.[8]
Slovak Ďď /ɟ/, Ľľ /ʎ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/ In Slovak handwriting ď, ľ and ť have an actual caron instead of an apostrophe.[9]
Postalveolar consonant Akkadian (DMG-umschrift transliteration), Ancient Egyptian (traditional transliteration) Šš /ʃ/ Because Akkadian[10] and Ancient Egyptian[11] are extinct languages, the exact pronunciation can't be known for sure; so the phonemic representation here might not be entirely accurate.
Arabic (DIN 31635 romanization, ISO/R 233 romanization) Čč /t͡ʃ/, Ǧǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ~zˤ/ Čč and Žž represent the letters چ and ز which are not Arabic letters, but can be used in Arabic texts for transcribing sounds found in other languages.[12][13]
Arabic (ISO 233 romanization) Ǧǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, Šš /ʃ/
Arabic (Hans Wehr romanization) ǧ /d͡ʒ~ʒ~ɡ/, š /ʃ/, ž /ʒ~zˤ/ ǧ was replaced by j in the fourth edition of this romanization scheme.[14] ž represents the letter ز which is not an Arabic letter, but can be used in Arabic texts for transcribing sounds found in other languages.[13] Hans Wehr romanization does not include capital letters.[14]
Czech, Latgalian, Latvian Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ Unaccented Cc stands for /ts/ in Czech, Latvian and Latgalian.
Darī (Yaqubi romanization) Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ Unaccented Ss, Zz stand for /s, z/ respectively.[15]
Livonian Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/
North Sami (1979 orthography) Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /dʒ/ Unaccented Cc stands for /ts/, and unaccented Zz for /dz/.
Slovak Čč /tʃ/, DŽdž /dʒ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/
Retroflex consonant Adyghe (BGN/PCGN 2012 romanization) Čč /ʈʂ/ There is no simple Cc in the BGN/PCGN 2012 romanization, but there is a Ch ch which represents /tʃ/.[16]
Serbian Čč /ʈʂ/, DŽ Dž dž /ɖʐ/, Šš /ʂ/, Žž /ʐ/ These sounds are often transcribed as postalveolar /tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ/.[17] DŽ is only used in all-caps text, and is consider the capital letter. Dž is used when only the first letter of a word is capitalized, and it is referred to as titlecase.[18]
Uvular consonant Heiltsuk-Oowekyala (Heiltsuk dialect, official orthography and Rath's orthography) Ǧǧ /ɢ/, Ǧv ǧv /ɢʷ/, X̌x̌ /χ/, X̌v x̌v /χʷ/ Note that X̌x̌ is not a precomposed letter.

Caron in Phonetic Transcription

Uses of caron
Use Transcription system Notes
Rising tone International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Used on top of vowels (or syllabic consonants).

See Also

References