Grave Accent

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The grave accent originates from the Greek alphabet where it was used for marking low pitch.[1]

Grave Accent in Unicode

Characters with Grave Accent
` ˋ ˴ ◌̀ ◌̀ À à È è
U+0060 U+02CB U+02F4 U+0300 U+0340 U+00C0 U+00E0 U+1EA6 U+1EA7 U+1EB0 U+1EB1 U+00C8 U+00E8
Grave Accent Modifier Letter Grave Accent Modifier Letter Middle Grave Accent Combining Grave Accent Combining Grave Tone Mark Latin Capital Letter A With Grave Latin Small Letter A With Grave Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Grave Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Grave Latin Capital Letter E With Grave Latin Small Letter E With Grave
Ì ì Ǹ ǹ Ò ò
U+1E14 U+1E15 U+1EC0 U+1EC1 U+00CC U+00EC U+01F8 U+01F9 U+00D2 U+00F2 U+1E50 U+1E51 U+1ED2
Latin Capital Letter E With Macron And Grave Latin Small Letter E With Macron And Grave Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter I With Grave Latin Small Letter I With Grave Latin Capital Letter N With Grave Latin Small Letter N With Grave Latin Capital Letter O With Grave Latin Small Letter O With Grave Latin Capital Letter O With Macron And Grave Latin Small Letter O With Macron And Grave Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave
Ù ù Ǜ ǜ
U+1ED3 U+1EDC U+1EDD U+00D9 U+00F9 U+01DB U+01DC U+1EEA U+1EEB U+1E80 U+1E81 U+1EF2 U+1EF3
Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Grave Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Grave Latin Small Letter U With Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Grave Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Grave Latin Capital Letter W With Grave Latin Small Letter W With Grave Latin Capital Letter Y With Grave Latin Small Letter Y With Grave

Grave Accent in Natlangs

Uses of Grave Accent
Use Language Letters Notes
Falling tone Mandarin (Pinyin romanization) Àà /a˥˩/, Èè /ə˥˩/, Ìì /i˥˩/, Òò /ə˥˩/, Ùù /u˥˩/, Ǜǜ /y˥˩/ Pinyin was created in the 1950s, and its tone marks were based on the Bopomofo phonetic notation.[2] Note that these tone values are based on the Beijing dialect.[3]
Vietnamese Àà /a̤ː˨˩/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Èè /ɛ̤˨˩/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ìì /i̤˨˩/, Òò /ɔ̤˨˩/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ờờ /ə̤ː˨˩/, Ùù /ṳ˨˩/, Ừừ /ɨ̤˨˩/, Ỳỳ /i̤˨˩/ The grave accent stands for low falling tone with breathy voice. There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[4]
Short vowel Croatian, Serbian Àà /ǎ/, Èè /ě/, Ìì /ǐ/, Òò /ǒ/, R̀r̀ /ř̩/, Ùù /ǔ/ The grave accent marks that these vowels are short and have rising pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Croatian or Serbian, but in linguistic materials.[5]
Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation) Àà /ˈa/, Èè /ˈɛ/, Ìì /ˈi/, Òò /ˈɔ/, R̀r̀ /ˈəɾ/, Ùù /ˈu/ The grave accent marks that these vowels are stressed and short, and that Èè and Òò are mid-open vowels rather than mid-close. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[6]
Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation) Àà /á/, Èè /ɛ́/, Ẹ̀ẹ̀ /é/, Ìì /í/, Òò /ɔ́/, Ọ̀ọ̀ /ó/, R̀r̀ /ə́ɾ/, Ùù /ú/ The grave accent marks that these vowels are short and have high pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[6]
Stress Catalan Àà /ˈa/, Èè /ˈɛ/, Òò /ˈɔ/ The rules for when stress is to be marked in Catalan are quite complex. The grave accent also distinguishes stressed /ɛ ɔ/ from /e o/,[7] see Acute Accent, Acute Accent in Natlangs.

Grave Accent in Conlangs

Uses of Grave Accent
Usage Language Creator Letters Notes
Low pitch Inng (external transcription) Qwynegold Àà /à/, Èè /ə̀, ì/, Ìì /ì/, L̀l̀ /l̩̀/, M̀m̀ /ŋ̩̀/, Ǹǹ /ŋ̩̀/, Òò /ò, ə̀, à/, Ùù /ù/ Some of these accented letters only appear as part of a digraph when representing a certain sound.[8]
Low tone Lhueslue (external romanization) Qwynegold Àà /ɑ̀/, Àe àe /æ̀/, Èè /è/. Èe èe /ɛ̀/, Ìì /ì/, Ìe ìe /ɘ̀/, Òò /ò/, Òe òe /ø̀/, Ùù /ù/, Ùe ùe /ỳ/ This tone may be realized as either a low level tone, or a falling tone. Unaccented vowels have mid level tone.[9]

See Also

References