Háfrig

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General information - Óroil śíre

The flag of the Háfrig (Avorenta) language

Háfrig [IPA: ˈhaːfrig] (other names: Háfrigerrak [ˈhaːfrigˌɛrːɒk], HGE or Avorenta [ˈɒvorɛntɒ]) is a constructed language created by Attila Répai in 2008. The word ’háfrigerrak’ means ’secret language’, as in the beginning it was used for making secret notes. Its grammar is based on Hungarian language. As a consequence, it is an agglutinating language. Its dictionary contains over 2100 words, most of them are ficticious, but a few derive from Turkish, Lithuanian, Latin, Germanic and Celtic languages.

Alphabet and pronounciation - Abece het átcórán

The alphabet of the Háfrigvotán (HGV) script


HGE is originally written with a unique script called Háfrigvotán [IPA: ˈhaːfrigˌvotaːn] (HGV) but the latin alphabet is more widely used.

Vowels
Short a â e ê/ä i o ö u ü/y
ɒ/a a ɛ e i o ø u y
Long á é í ó ő ú ű/ý
øː


Consonants
Voiced b d dz () g v z (ź) j l m n ń q r w
b d ʣ ʤ g v z ʒ j l m n ɲ k/ʦ r w
Unvoiced p t c ć k f s ś h ch x
p t ʦ ʧ k f s ʃ h ç/x ks

Notes:

  • Dź and ź appear only in foreign words.
  • Q is pronounced as [k] before a, â, á, o, ó, u, ú and [ʦ] before e, ê, é, i, í, ö, ő, ü, ű.

Linking vowels and consonants - Roêndögarce

We use them to avoid consonant or vowel clusters.

  • Between words and suffixes we use a definite linking vowel (see below)
  • Between any types of words we use h- or ö- (eg. mínisse h-effár, ortend ö-gnu)

That's why HGE has 6 forms of the words i ('the'), e ('and') and a ('a/an').

i a e
V - V hil
l-
réve hil afallum
réve l-afallum
had
d-
réve had afallum
réve d-afallum
het
t-
tága het esne
tága t-esne
V - C hi réve hi piktum ha réve ha piktum he tága he kecán
C - V il
i h-
révest il afallum
révest i h-afallum
ad
a h-
révest ad afallum
révest a h-afallum
et
e h-
kecán et esne
kecán e h-esne
C - C i révest i piktum a révest a piktum e kecán e tága

Grammar - Errakniff

Nouns and adjectives - Hênmisse he nilganmisse

Like Hungarian, HGE is an agglutinaing language. Nouns and adjectives can be in 18 cases either singular or in plural. Words does not have gender. Nouns can be divided into 5 groups:

  • Nouns ending in a consonant (eg. hutt 'house')
  • a-stem (eg. capta 'room')
  • e-stem (eg. pikte 'bag')
  • i-stem (eg. zülti 'thing')
  • u-stem (eg. histu 'news')

Suffixes have two types:

  • Suffixes starting with a vowel (eg. -um, -áma)
  • Suffixes starting with a consonant (These suffixes also have a linking vowel, which is to be used after a consonant. (eg. -(e)n, -(é)ti)

If you add a suffix starting with a vowel to a noun ending in a vowel, the original vowel at the end of the word disappears (eg. capta + -iri > capt- + -iri > captiri). If the final vowel and the suffix is the same, we write a long vowel instead of both (eg. histu + -u > histú). We don't use a linking vowel after words ending in an N, R or L (eg. veffel + -(i)s > veffels). The ending -S changes into a -Z and -AU/-EU changes into -AW/-EW (eg. katas + -um > katazum, bláneu > blánewio).

Case Hungarian suffix HGE suffix
(singular)
Example HGE suffix
(plural)
Example
Nominative - - hutt, capta -e hutte, capte
Accusative -t -um huttum, captum -u huttu, captu
Genitive -nak -(i)s huttis, captas (i)sse huttisse, captasse
Dative -nak -áj huttáj, captáj -o hutto, capto
Instrumental-comitative -val -(e)n hutten, captan -(é)ne hutténe, captáne
Causal-final -ért -ad huttad, captad -áde huttáde, captáde
Translative -vá -uá huttuá, captuá -ué huttué, captué
Terminative -ig -(é)ti huttéti, captáti -(é)te huttéte, captáte
Essive-formal/modal -ként / -ül -oj huttoj, captoj -ówe huttówe, captówe
Inessive -ban -io huttio, captio -eo hutteo, capteo
Adessive -nál -ómo / -om huttómo, captómo -óme huttóme, camtóme
Superessive -on -óro / -or huttóro, captóro -óre huttóre, captóre
Elative -ból -i hutti, capti -ei huttei, captei
Ablative -tól -ími / -im huttími, captími -íme huttíme, captíme
Delative -ról -íri / -ir(i) huttíri, captíri -íre huttíre, captíre
Illative -ba -a hutta, captá -ea huttea, captea
Allative -hoz -áma / -am huttáma, captáma -áme huttáme, captáme
Sublative -ra -ára / -ar huttára, captára -áre huttáre, captáre

Comparison - Pűronán

In HGE, we can compare not only adjectives, but every types of words.

Singular nominative Stem
superlative -iś il iskéniś ('the most beautiful') -iśś- iskéniśś-
comparative -ér iskénér ('more beautiful') -ér- iskénér-
base form - iskén ('beautiful') - iskén-
negative comparative -eri iskéneri ('less beautiful') -err- iskénerr-
negative superlative -eś il iskéneś ('the least beautiful') -eśś- iskéneśś-

Samle sentences:

  • Comparison of adjectives: Árpád ö-śűdér, sir Romulâs. / Árpád ö-śűdér Romulázom. ('Árpád is taller than Romulus.')
  • Comparison of nouns: Mes jamattu Árpádér, sir i tis. ('My statue looks like Árpád more than yours.' Literally: 'My statue is more Árpád than the yours')
  • Comparison of verbs: I vittegum mítiśśe. ('I like spring the best')

Verbs - Dífekke

Verbs have three forms: D1 for present, D2 for past and D3 for future. There are three tenses (present, past, future) and four moods (declarative, conditional, conjunctive, imperative). Past tense is formed with the suffix and future tense is formed with the suffix added to the conjugated D1 form. As there are only verbs ending in a consonant, we can add the suffixes without any changes. When we use the imperative, we put the personal pronoun or its short form before the D1 form of the verb.

Declarative Conditional Imperative 1
Conjunctive
Imperative 2
SG1 -e -ive -ez -
SG2 -i -ivi -iz ti-- / t'-
SG3a (general) - -iv -oz ho-- / h'-
SG3b (masculine) -og -ivog -ox hog--
SG3c (feminine) -a -iva -az hag--
PL1a (general) -am -ivam -anz ke-- / k'-
PL1b (SG1+SG2/PL2) -em -ivem -enz ken--
PL1c (SG1+SG3/PL3) -um -ivum -unz kun--
PL2 -in -ivin -inz du-- / d'-
PL3 -est -ivest -edz ve-- / v'-

The verb ren ('to be') is also regular.

Declarative Conditional Imperative 1
Conjunctive
present past future present past future present future
SG1 re reó reá rive riveó riveá rez rezá
SG2 ri rió riá rivi rivió riviá riz rizá
SG3a ro riv rivó rivá roz rozá
SG3b rog rogó rogá rivog rivogó rivogá rox roxá
SG3c ra ragó ragá riva rivagó rivagá raz razá
PL1a ram ramó ramá rivam rivamó rivamá ranz ranzá
PL1b rem remó remá rivem rivemó rivemá renz renzá
PL1c rum rumó rumá rivum rivumó rivumá runz runzá
PL2 rin rinó riná rivin rivinó riviná rinz rinzá
PL3 rest restó restá rivest rivestó rivestá redz redzá

Passive voice - Gandífend fóda

Form: D1 + -u / -tu (after L, N, R) + the correct form of ren (it can be omitted in SG3 in present tense). Sample sentences:

  • Ille kataze mőr pellu beres ovvertu restó. ('These books are read by many children)
  • La pemúr gerévu. ('That picture is seen.')

The object of the action - I dífáns deveri

Instead of using the accusative form of the personal pronoun, we can use the possessive suffix. Sample sentences:

  • Réve veum. > Révüste. ('I watch them.')
  • Ovvélivestó meum il ükóla. > Ovvéleldivestó l-ükóla. ('They could have taken me to the school.')

Pronouns - Elongömisse

Personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns - Mínâl, ájdánâl et ájkámüssend elongömisse

Personal pronoun Possessive pronoun Possessive suffix Reflexive pronoun
SG1 me / iss mes -eld fed
SG2 ti tis -ild fid
SG3a (general) ho hos -old fod
SG3b (masculine) hog hox / hos
SG3c (feminine) hag hax / has -ald fad
PL1a (general) ke kes -and fam
PL1b (SG1 + SG2/PL2) ken kens -end fem
PL1c (SG1 + SG3/PL3) kun kuns -und fum
PL2 du dus -ind fin
PL3 ve ves -üst fest

We decline personal pronouns like nouns. Exceptions are listed below:

  • The accusative form of the pronouns me, ti and ve contains the final vowel: meum, tium, veum.
  • The elative form of ti and ho are written with a long í: tí, hí. (to avoid confusing them with ti ('you') and hi ('the')).

Possessive pronouns are simply the genitive forms of personal pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns - Kívend elongömisse

There are three types of demonstrative pronouns:

  • Demonstrative pronouns referring to a near object
  • Demonstrative pronouns referring to a distant object
  • General demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns referring to near or distant objects
this that this kind of that kind of as large as this as large as that so much/many
(near)
so much/many
(distant)
ill la nix nax fex fax vis vas
a- all ala anix anax afex afax avis avas
e- ell ela enix enax efex efax evis evas

The prefix a- means 'the same'.

  • -¿Óle d-elong ö-katazum veri? -Gan, sítle h-alum. ('-Are you reading another book? -No, I'm still reading the same one.') Note that ala, which refers to a distant object, is used, because it's from the view of the person who asked the question.
  • Illio h-üsmegio h-avas afal ro, sir il elongio. ('There are as many apples in this basket than in the other.')

The prefix e- means 'the other'.

  • -¿Illu bissiru genéqwidamá? -Gan, ellu. ('-Shall we buy these newspapers? -No, the others (which are these ones).')

General demonstrative pronouns are the same as the noun suffixes. Singular nominative form is ü or y.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ü / y e
Accusative um u
Genitive is isse
Dative áj o
Instrumental-comitative en éne
Causal-final âd áde
Translative
'Terminative éti éte
Essive-formal/modal oj ówe
Inessive io / jo eo
Adessive om óme
Superessive or óre
Elative í ei
Ablative im íme
Delative ir íre
Illative á ea
Allative am áme
Sublative ar áre

They are used when distance of the object isn't important or it doesn't refer to a phisical object (eg. emotions, colours, numbers or whole clauses).

  • Śurvoteó hi jorqum, ginćo h-offergetez um. ('I wrote down the number, so that I won't forget it.')

Translations - Bettélege

Romulus and Remus - Romulâs e Remas

Rea Silviáj, Numitors pellináj gémennalde főró, Romulâs e Remas. Ak i howadeńńa Amuliâs i zígu gen éló bawiren. Rea Silvium tákesserconiró het a besláj impézó, ćo gebostiroz ö-vitta hi gémennu. I besla h-inio gan optodauf (optodífó), i pellú hi robendorellor oqqwitó d‑üsmegio. A śinna vilkas genógó veum, qwin avoltiró t-êllavonó hi dau zígum. A Faustulâs missát’ ájfilqwazión i huttolda véló, len bênoldáj, Akka Lárenciáj dontó veum. I pelle sêvindó hagáj, śe Faustulâs et Akka balio niffirestó Romulázum e Remazum.
Ift’ i gémenne kewilesténe maurat gebowirestó h-Amuliázum. Ênn śurgőtestó, ogadirestó, ćo lor órinor, lós pell’éjkestis iskéniś pêllu télestó, vonil dúnum krűnestá. Il ommissonekk ócen inio medülig appíćán rá dawest ö‑pitte. Léjk histeńńa posomoldio Romulâs diddűśimbó bidoldum, e hi śurtildiltend ö‑dúnum fodis fodir ommissonó Rómáj, famis Kr.á. 753‑ími 716‑éti lauger ró.

The Magical Deer (Ancient Hungarian legend) - I vinturbaraus fába

Isteró ha tikkor, ćo fillogonn gefinestó, het i zélio ha jauvos śinnabarau riltó h-ápest. La texadó h‑ápesti, ve pêdze hi meotizál pengale pitta si folkestó. Hatt ö‑lapti h‑elónat farswin (forswinó), e doz mőrti aradestó, h-édańńa son genógaldestó (= genógestó hagum). Táńővestó l‑óle völlé pengalu he ves ájfilisse holozavoltiránar ekarináj nógestó. Foropti ves etâram ájrowix gekátest (gekétestó) hí hi restánum, forven zültesten i meotizál pengale pitta rowestó, ćo h‑ájfilestu holozavoltirix hatt bíledz.
I Meotizis tirlün Perśias lenn gűre nógand; an wádus exeloren vilqveni múr éliohaff, gan ájd ö‑robendu, ak batále holozáta fêllüreo, h‑ećerreo, fozeo, h‑áfeo he fillogeo; i tá- het átőván ante tefig. I meotizál pengale pitta rowestó fixi, e fim pellti gan ollíkiltestó hatti. Ênnil i six pellio h-átfimmestó, i zélio damöwájnat i Bereka-zígisse bênáre he pelláre nágest (nógestó), laqwine hi maune h-aur tagâlonstó, et évas i bórdis córnibálum sovitest (savitestó) e cerdára bêllonstó. Ájfilesten maurat avellat ovvélestó veum i Meotizis pengaleo. I bós ö-flet opti hett ró hil anx ö-śommeg.
Isteró pêdze, ćo h‑illio h‑eltoppio le pelle pitte l-alán wariónis, Dulánis dau pellinum êś ohhaffestó, anigum Hunor, i h‑elongum Magor lájmó bênoj. Illei minnei dévizó lapti hi ven hún e hunnâs. Isteró pêdze, ćo lapti mőrti baulest (bílestó) i meotizál pengale pitte, úzestó bêre bós foxuá gőten, et y tirlün óle gin tákümben, gin avoltiren gan ö-ró bonnu veum.

The Lord's Prayer - Kes Etâr

Kes Etâr, qwin il eskáleo ri,
genomentuz i missild,
offimmoz i tis agenir,
geroz i tis élekk,
léda l-eskálio, śo l-edzúroro si.
Forventikál vekánandum dontiz káj píl,
et offűliz i bêtgánandu,
léda ke s’ offűlam i h-inóvand bêtdífendo.
E gin véliz kum kojsitána,
ak gemojgiriz i vultími.
(Dé tis i h-agenir, i forrel e l-iskür forvenâk.)
Roz ö-gen.

The Apostles Creed - Evele'n

Evele 'n Allâzio, forvengámend Etário, eskális et edzúris dífiónio.
E Jézuś Kristuzio, i hos anfőré zígio, i kes Mínio,
qwin gefíntu ró l-Omena Gúsergan, fór Omena Mári,
árentu ró Poncius Pilátus entre, genígestó, gebaw et offorkestó.
Difortó l-entredzúra, trox ö-tikkar śurátogó hi boweste pitti,
śurrőnó l-eskála, hon saut i forvengámend Etârallâzis rofiom,
honi offimm ö-ćevéren ungendu he bowestu.
Evele h-Omena Gúsergio, hi katolige Mittomen'huttio,
il omenisse rogennio, hi bêtgánisse h-offűlánio,
hi ćerras śurátogánio et i forvenâkál ungio.
Roz ö-gen.

207-word Swadesh list - 207 corgáta Swadeś-diqwil

No. English Avorenta / HGE
1 I me
2 you (singular) ti
3 he ho / hog
4 we ke / ken / kun
5 you (plural) du
6 they ve
7 this ill
that la
9 here hett
10 there hatt
11 who qwin
12 what for
13 where ós
14 when ênn
15 how éda
16 not gan / go
17 all forven
18 many mőr
19 some ćefil
20 few ćel
21 other elong
22 one an
23 two dau
24 three tor
25 four cet
26 five fim
27 big bós
28 long soj
29 wide lêtte
30 thick sigid(e)
31 heavy tefig
32 small icin
33 short śürre
34 narrow üngas
35 thin śevig
36 woman minna
37 man (adult male) maun
38 man (human being) mínu
39 child pellu
40 wife bên
41 husband êvos
42 mother mitt
43 father etâr
44 animal ájfil
45 fish foz
46 bird áfe
47 dog tága
48 louse loweńń
49 snake kexáda
50 worm ńorméń
51 tree úl / k(e)ren
52 forest ećerra
53 stick kicc
54 fruit zölke
55 seed orpeg
56 leaf k(e)renśött
57 root júze
58 bark (of a tree) echtíć
59 flower bêlüś
60 grass holos
61 rope rojs
62 skin rétte
63 meat zőle
64 blood plűda
65 bone páde
66 fat (noun) fíbu
67 egg íppa
68 horn búx
69 tail ébill
70 feather áfedermíl
71 hair hwil
72 head hên
73 ear cork
74 eye fülárd
75 nose ńis
76 mouth ór
77 tooth effár
78 tongue (organ) bönge
79 fingernail üngel
80 foot kík
81 leg kíkiśtík
82 knee örde
83 hand kin
84 wing orteg
85 belly fára
86 guts śamorr (plural: śamorre)
87 neck nok
88 back dom
89 breast petti
90 heart śűm
91 liver jétu
92 to drink tavên
93 to eat avolt
94 to bite börőt
95 to suck zúb
96 to spit ćul
97 to vomit boáń
98 to blow ádan
99 to breathe áron
100 to laugh líć
101 to see fűl
102 to hear jors
103 to know qwer
104 to think elorron
105 to smell śőlon
106 to fear dab
107 to sleep left
108 to live ung
109 to die (ge)bow
110 to kill gebowir
111 to fight ümladd
112 to hunt fillogon
113 to hit bomm
114 to cut püng
115 to split sépüng
116 to stab dűśimb
117 to scratch gworc
118 to dig fork
119 to swim sím
120 to fly ort
121 to walk őv
122 to come fimm
123 to lie (as in a bed) pot
124 to sit savit (action), dissavit (state)
125 to stand est
126 to turn (intransitive) tőr
127 to fall láf
128 to give dont
129 to hold haff
130 to squeeze fors
131 to rub swort
132 to wash loć
133 to wipe avipen
134 to pull níg
135 to push játar
136 to throw vort
137 to tie geroên
138 to sew śút, geśút
139 to count jorqon
140 to say cór
141 to sing qwont
142 to play esping
143 to float ulláj
144 to flow rib
145 to freeze (ge)pexon
146 to swell vetfis
147 sun sún
148 moon ménulas
149 star estor
150 water vit
151 rain swip
152 river robend
153 lake lag
154 sea séle
155 salt hejja
156 stone estún
157 sand foss
158 dust stőd
159 earth edzúr
160 cloud peldu
161 fog ńiwél
162 sky eskál
163 wind hóg
164 snow behin
165 ice éze
166 smoke üsmig
167 fire varras
168 ash varrastőd
169 to burn nörp
170 road vín
171 mountain kuntán
172 red rűd
173 green gwert
174 yellow itta
175 white ragne
176 black kara
177 night tekin
178 day tik
179 year pêll
180 warm ferme
181 cold briz
182 full doll
183 new miog
184 old lűte, böste
185 good felt
186 bad bêt
187 rotten puććidé
188 dirty törcáta
189 straight qwart
190 round élijáta
191 sharp (as a knife) eggáráta
192 dull (as a knife) eggáreńńa
193 smooth ámis
194 wet pecáta
195 dry mol
196 correct evil
197 near nér
198 far renos
199 right rofe
200 left fet
201 at -a
202 in -io
203 with -(e)n
204 and e, et, he, het, t-
205 if or
206 because
207 name mis

Note:

  • Nouns are in singular nominative
  • Verbs are in SG3 present tense, declarative mood.