Neo-Khitanese Lexicon
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Numerals
Multiplicative forms measure quantities: "X times as much; X-fold; of X parts; double, triple, quadruple". Distributive forms give the sense "X each; by Xes, in sets of X; X by X". There are also collective and iterative forms, not shown here.
| Numeral Systems | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Cardinal | Counting (1) | Counting (2) | Ordinal | Multiplicative | Distributive | ||||
| 0 | ko:su | |||||||||
| 1 | ümü:n, ümü:ke:n | dïsïk | naï | ü:mnin | ümü:rmen | ümü:tel | ||||
| 2 | jü:r | kassa | ho | êkindi, gên | jü:rmen | jü:rtel | ||||
| 3 | ïlan | co:k | gur | ïlagï | ïlarma:n | ïlanta:l | ||||
| 4 | dïgïn | ca:k | dur | dïgï: | dïgïrma:n | dïgïnta:l | ||||
| 5 | tuŋga | ca:ŋ | tau | tuŋgï | tuŋgarma:n | tuŋgata:l | ||||
| 6 | ñuŋgun | kilkü | nir | ñuŋgï | ñuŋgurma:n | ñuŋgunta:l | ||||
| 7 | nadan | da:ktuŋk | döl | nadagï | nadarma:n | nadanta:l | ||||
| 8 | japkun | co:ktuŋk | maï | japkï | japkurma:n | japkunta:l | ||||
| 9 | êgin | ca:ktaŋk | is | êgi: | êgirme:n | êginte:l | ||||
| 10 | ja:n | cuŋtuk | o:n | ja:gï | ja:rman | ja:ntal | ||||
| 11 | ja:n ümü:n | ja:n ü:mnin | ja:n ümü:rmen | ja:n ümü:tel | ||||||
| 15 | ko:mdok | ko:mdoki | ko:mdokmon' | ko:mdoktol | ||||||
| 20 | orïn | orï: | orïrma:n | orïnta:l | ||||||
| 30 | gucïn | gucï: | gucïrma:n | gucïnta:l | ||||||
| 40 | döcin | döci: | döcirme:n | döcinte:l | ||||||
| 50 | ta:bun | tabï: | ta:burma:n | ta:bunta:l | ||||||
| 60 | jïran | jïragï | jïrarma:n | jïranta:l | ||||||
| 70 | na:ja:n | na:ja:gï | na:ja:rman | na:ja:ntal | ||||||
| 80 | söksön | söksi | söksörmö:n | söksöntö:l | ||||||
| 90 | tokson | toksï | toksormo:n | toksonto:l | ||||||
| 100 | ñamadï | jaur | ñamadï | ñamadïrma:n | ñamadïta:l | |||||
| 1,000 | mïŋgan | mïŋgï | mïŋgarma:n | mïŋganta:l | ||||||
| 10,000 | tümen | tümeŋgi | tümerme:n | tümente:l | ||||||
Color Terminology
| Color Terms | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kilda | English | |||||||||
| borko | color, hue | |||||||||
| dikteme | blue | |||||||||
| lüpcürin | dark green, brownish-green; blue-black, dark blue | |||||||||
| culdïn | blue-green | |||||||||
| kö:kü | light blue, blue-gray, sky-blue | |||||||||
| koŋdorïn | dark brown, brownish-black | |||||||||
| ñö:lmö | green | |||||||||
| yasïl | green (of vegetation, landscape) | |||||||||
| kaktarma | orange; (archaic) light yellow | |||||||||
| šêra:rï | light yellow, lemon-colored | |||||||||
| fula:ma | red | |||||||||
| horïn | bright red, scarlet | |||||||||
| se:gdi | dark red, blood-colored | |||||||||
| jayarïn | light red, pink | |||||||||
| cacalu | golden-yellow, gold-colored, coppery; red (of rust, rocks, fish, etc.) | |||||||||
| jajaŋ | red and yellow (of autumnal foliage) | |||||||||
| kürilik | maroon, reddish-purple | |||||||||
| cucïrïn | violet, purplish | |||||||||
| bagdarïn | white | |||||||||
| gïltarïn | bright white, pure white | |||||||||
| be:li, kêmala | pale, light (of color) | |||||||||
| ñigjeme | black; dark (of color) | |||||||||
| pïŋgalak | gray | |||||||||
| fepkerin | light gray, speckled/mottled gray | |||||||||
| ïgjama | yellowish-gray, beige | |||||||||
| hurïma | gray (of weather) | |||||||||
Pimp My Portuguese
The following vocabulary was borrowed from Portuguese (P.) and Spanish (S.) in the second half of the 16th and the 17th century. Several are themselves loanwords from African, South Asian, Southeast Asian, and American languages, but only entered Kilda through Portuguese and more rarely Spanish contacts. As mentioned on CONLANG/ZBB, I'd appreciate input from those knowledgable about the phonetics of early modern Portuguese (or with the topic in general) to advise and correct.
I've included the modern Kilda meaning of the term where it's significantly different from either the archaic or the modern Portuguese sense. Regarding how Kilda phonology would color borrowings, see the main Kilda page, but a few other points: stress is always word-initial unless there's a long vowel in the word, in which case it falls on the first long vowel; accordingly, Portuguese words with non-initial stress were perceived as having long vowels in their stressed syllable. /-m/ is a strongly dispreferred word-final consonant in Kilda. There's no voiced 'hushing' sibilant, /ʒ/ to correspond to the voiceless /ʃ/. /s/ is always [ʃ] before a high front vowel. Kilda voiceless stops are strongly aspirated, more than Portuguese ones; accordingly, (non-initial?) voiceless stops in Portuguese were borrowed as voiced stops in Kilda.
- P. abacati > bagadï /'bagadɪ/ "avocado"
- P. abacaxi > bagasï /'bagaʃɪ/ "pineapple"
- P. adufe > düfi /'duɸi/ "tp. of tambourine/frame drum"
- P. amendoim > mendȫn /mən'do:n/ "peanut"
- P. armada > armād /aɹ'ma:d/ "fleet, flotilla"
- P. armazém > armajï̄n /aɹma'ʤɪ:n/ "shipping warehouse"
- P. âncora > oŋgōr /ɔŋ'gɔ:ɾ/ "anchor"
- P. baju > bašu /'baʃʊ/ "blouse, light jacket"
- P. banana > bana /'bana/ "banana" (reinterpreted as containing a collective number suffix; K. plural of bana is banal, "bunch of bananas" is bananal)
- P. bandolim > bandūlïn /ban'dʊ:ɬɪn/ "mandolin, cittern"
- P. batata > badada /'badada/ "potato"
- P. bolo "ball" > bölö /'boɬo/ "tiny round cake or ball-shaped pastry"
- P. bomba > bombo /'bɔmbɔ/ "pump"
- P. cadeira > kadêra /'kadɛʲɾa/ "armchair"
- P. calçada > kalsad /'kaɬsad/ "pavement, sidewalk"
- P. cama > kama /'kama/ "bedframe, framed bed"
- P. camisa > kamïsïk /'kamɪʃɪk/ "shirt opening in front and closed by buttons" (with K. nominal derivational suffix)
- P. campo > Kampu /'kampʊ/ "neighborhood in the Winter Capital [Petropavlovsk], site of the original Portuguese trading enclave"
- P. canequim > kanïgïn /'kanɪgɪn/ "plain linen, percale, calico"
- P. caralho > karalu /'kaɾaɮʊ/ "crow's nest (on a ship)"
- P. caramelo/caramel > karamïl /'kaɾamɪɬ/ "caramel"
- P. cartas de jogar > kartas /'kaɹtas/ "card game"
- P. casado > kašadïn, kašadumnï /'kaʃadɪn, 'kaʃadʊmnɪ/ (adj., n.) "Eurasian, mixed-race people (Asian and European)"
- P. cavaquinho > kawgï̄n /'kaβgɪ:n/ "ukulele, machimbo, etc.; any kind of tiny guitar-like instrument"
- P. chapinha > šabïna /'ʃabɪna/ "keel"
- P. charamela > šarmêla /'ʃaɹmɛʲɬa/ "double-reed woodwind tp."
- P. chiclete > siklêkte /ʃi'klɛʲktə/ "chewing guum, chicle" (with K. nominal derivational suffix)
- P. christão > krïstōdïn, krïstōmnï /kɾɪs'tɔ:dɪn, kɾɪs'tɔ:mnɪ/ (adj., n.) "Portuguese, Portuguese people"
- P. condição > köndisȫ /kondi'so:/ "quality, condition, grade (of goods)"
- P. confeito > kömfêdü /kom'ɸɛʲdu/ "rock candy"
- P. conta > könde /'kondə/ "account, bookkeeping record"
- P. côco > kökö /'koko/ "coconut"
- P. dado > dadusal /'dadʊsaɬ/ "dice" (with K. collective plural suffix)
- P. feitor > fêdör /'ɸɛʲdoɾ/ "trade representative, dealer, commercial consul"
- P. feitoria > fêdörikēt /'ɸɛʲdoɾikɛ:t/ "trading post" (with K. nominal derivational suffix)
- P. fita > fide /'ɸidə/ "decorative ribbon, colored ribbon; ribbon (on military uniform)"
- P. galeão > galïyō /galɪ'jɔ:/ "galleon"
- P. garfo > garfu /'gaɹɸʊ/ "fork (tableware)"
- P. gasto > gastu /'gastʊ/ "toll, surcharge, usage fee; bribe"
- P. goiaba > goyāba /gɔ'ja:ba/ "guava"
- P. Hollanda > Folanda /'ɸɔɬanda/ "Netherlands, Holland; Dutchman" (unusually for K., as a noun can refer either to the country or to its inhabitants)
- P. Inglez > Iŋlis, Iglis /'iglis/ "England, Britain; Englishman" (see Folanda above)
- P. inhame > ñamï /'ɳamɪ/ "yam"
- P. jagra > jāgar /'ʤa:gar/ "palm sugar, jaggery"
- P. lançado > lansadumnï /'ɬansadʊmnɪ/ "mercenaries, freebooters, soldiers of fortune, adventurers" (with K. nominal derivational suffix)
- P. leilão > leinō /ɬɛʲ'nɔ:/ "auction, sale by auction"
- P. linguiça > liŋgīse /ɬiŋ'gi:sɘ/ "cured hard sausage"
- P. limão > limȫ /ɬi'mo:/ "lemon"
- P. lençol > lēnsü /'ɬɛ:nsu/ "handkerchief"
- P. marimba > marïmba /'maɾɪmba/ "xylophone, marimba"
- P. marmelo > marmï, marma /'maɹmɪ/, /'maɹma/ "quince"
- P. merda em boca > merdinbuca > K. mejibük /'mɘʤibuk/ "junk, worthless or damaged goods, good-for-nothing scrap, crap"
- P. nao > nō /nɔ:/ "cargo ship"
- P. papo de anjo > pabudañju /'pabʊdaɳʤʊ/ "tp. of dessert made with baked whipped eggs"
- P. pelouro > pēlǖr /'pɛ:ɬu:ɾ/ "cannonball"
- P. pastelão > pastïlō /pastɪ'lɔ:/ "pastry, baked sweets"
- P. pepino > pebīnü /pə'bi:nu/ "cucumber"
- P. pimentão, pimento > pimöndü /pi'mondu/ "bell pepper, pimento"
- P. pintura > pindüre /pin'duɾə/ "oil or tempera painting"
- P. pipoca > pïpuga, pipöge /'pɪpʊga/, /'pipogə/ "popcorn"
- P. pistola > pistön /'piston/ "handgun, pistol"
- P. por cento > pörsēn /poɹ'sɛ:n/ "percent"
- P. pão, pão doce > pō /pɔ:/ "cake, sweet bread"
- P. quartel > kortïl /'kɔɹtɪɬ/ "barracks; guardroom, guardpost"
- P. real > ïral, ïryāl /'ɪɾaɬ/, /ɪɾ'ja:ɬ/ "unit of currency used for accounting"
- P. relógio > erlȫgi /əɹɬo:gi/ "clock, timepiece"
- P. renda > erênde > /ə'ɾɛʲndə/ lace (cloth)
- P. sabão > sabō /sa'bɔ:/ "soap"
- P. salada > salād /sa'ɬa:d/ "salad"
- P. sapato > sabadu /'sabadʊ/ "stiff leather shoe with hard sole"
- P. tiro > tirü /'tiɾu/ "customs duty, excise tax"
- P. Tourane > Turān /tʊɾa:n/ "modern city of Da Nang"
- P. trato > cadu /'ʧadʊ/ "business deal or agreement, trade or mercantile deal"
- P. tudo laia > tudalaï /'tʊdaɬaʲ/ "knicknacks, kickshaws, gimcracks, assorted goods"
- P. veludo > welüdü /'ɰəɬudu/ "velvet"
- P. viola > wïyōla /ɰɪ'jɔ:ɬa/ "violin, viola"
- P. zamboa > sombu /'sɔmbʊ/ "pomelo, shaddock, Chinese graprefuit"
SPANISH
- S. (Mex.) chile > cili /ʧiɬi/ "chili (pepper)" (Mexican Spanish < Nahuatl chilli)
- S. San Miguel > Semigēl /semigɛ:ɬ/ "modern city of Manilla"
- S. (Mex.) tamales (pl) > tamālas /ta'ma:ɬas/ "tamale, steamed dumpling" (sg.), K. plural tamālasal (< Nahuatl tamalli)
- S. (Mex.) tomate > tomatï /'tɔmatɪ/ (< Nahuatl xitomatl)
- S. vainilla > waïnïl /'ɰaʲnɪɬ/ "vanilla"
- S. vihueal > biwêle /bi'ɰɛʲɬe/ "tp. of 12-stringed guitar-like instrument"
- S. Xerés > šerēs /ʃəɾɛ:s/ "sherry"
- S. (Mex.) chicole (sp?) > cikȫli /ʧi'ko:ɬi/ "hot chocolate, chocolate drink" (< Nahuatl chicolli "stick for frothing drinks")
- S. (Mex.) guajolote > wešölȫ /ɰəʃo'ɬo:/ "turkey" (< Nahuatl huexolotl)
- S. (Mex.) > cokōwa /tʃɔ'kɔ:ɰa/ "chocolate, cocoa" (< Nahuatl)
- S. zanfona > sïmfu:na /ʃɪm'ɸʊ:na/ "hurdy gurdy, wheel fiddle" (? source - perhaps not from Spanish)
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