Senjecas - Fink-Peterson Test Sentences 1-35
Pronunciation table
(labial) |
riisűko (dental) |
muitűko (alveolar) |
vainűko (palatal) |
ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प) |
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | f | v | m̃ | m | t | d | þ | ð | ɫ | l | ṡ | ż | s | z | r | n | k | g | x | ƣ | h | ȝ | š | s̨ | i | e | a | ɔ | o | u | ĭ | ĕ | ŭ | |||||||||||||
| ब | फ | भ | म़ | म | त | द | थ | ध | ल़ | ल | च | ज | स | स़ | र | न | क | ग | क़ | ग़ | ह | य | स्व | स्य | इ ई पि पी |
ए एै ए पै |
अ आ प पा |
ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ |
ओ औ पो पौ |
उ ऊ पु पू |
पं | पऺ | पॅ | |||||||||||||
| /p/ | /b/ | /ɸ/ | /β/ | /m̥/ | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /θ/ | /ð/ | /l̥/ | /l/ | /ʦ/ | /ʣ/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ̥/ | /n/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ç/ | /ʝ/ | /j̊/ | /j/ | /sʷ/ | /sʲ/ | /i/ | /e/ | /ä/ | /ɒ/ | /o/ | /u/ | /ɪ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʊ/ | ||||||||||||
Glossing abbreviations
| 1s/p = 1st person singular/plural | ABL = ablative suffix | COL = collective | F = feminine | INT = intensive prefix | PRV = privative prefix | SUP = supine |
| 2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural | ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) |
DES = desiderative | FRQ = frequentative | LAT = lative suffix | PST = past | TRZ = transitivizer |
| 3 = 3rd person | ADV = adverb | DIM = diminutive | FUT = future | LOC = locative suffix | REV = reversive | VOC = vocative particle |
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) | AG = agent | ELIS = elision | IMP = imperative | M = masculine | Q = interrogative particle | YNG = young |
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) | AP = agent (active) participle | ELT = elative | INC = inchoative | OCC = occupation suffix | QUOT = direct quotation | |
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) | AUG = augmentative | EP = epenthesis | IND = indicative | PP = patient (past) participle | RPR = recent perfective | |
| V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) | CAUS = causative | EQU = equative degree | INS = instrument | PRF = perfect | SBJ = subjunctive |
1. We are sitting in the night, and like the night, we are silent.
m̃us laata̋s éna se̋da. da laata̋' sóma sa̋a̋mus vűűa: 1p-N night-G.s in sit-IND and night-G.s-ELIS like silent-N.p are-IND
2. I thought this darned thread was dead.
mu i-nűűlom ne̋ṡom e-e̋su e-na̋ma: 1s-N this-thread-A.s dead-A.s PST=be-SUP PST=think-IND
3a. The clouds floated over the sea. (two readings)
- The clouds floated across the sea (moving).
ne̋vos ma̋rem tára e-ka̋pa: cloud-N.p sea-A.s across PST=float-IND
- The clouds floated above the sea (not moving).
ne̋vos mare̋s úpa e-ka̋pa: cloud-N.p sea-A.s above PST=float-IND
3b. The cow jumped over the moon.
ȝűne e̋idem úpa e-ı̋ta: moon-N.s moon-A.s over PST=jump-IND
4a. John is taller than he (himself) thinks.
ȝóxana̋nu gŭgőxu vűűa— sómi na̋ma: John-N.s EL~tall-N.s be-IND. than think-IND
4b. John is taller than he (someone else) thinks.
ȝóxana̋nu gŭgőxu vűűa— sómi éȝu na̋ma: John-N.s EL~tall-N.s be-IND. than 3-N.s think-IND
5a. They named their child Fafnir.
éȝus żőőnaþum fafnir e-feetı̋d̨a 3-N.p child-A.s fafnir PST=name-TRZ-IND
5b. They named their child something strange.
éȝus żőőnaþum ze̋bo ȝom e-feetı̋d̨a 3-N.p child-A.s strange-ABS something-A.s PST=name-TRZ-IND
6. They swept the floor (such that the floor was) clean.
éȝus be̋hom e-še̋ba— m̨úmi éȝo e-ṡűva 3-N.p floor-A.s PST=sweep-IND so.that 3-N.s PST=be.clean-IND
7. I am standing between a cat and a rabbit.
mu baave̋sk̬e ṡeṡe̋sk̬e ȝúṡa ṡűra: 1s-N cat-G.s=and hare-G.s=and between stand=IND
8a. I swim across the river.
mu da̋a̋em tára še̋ma: 1s-N river-A.s across swim-IND
8b. I prefer to swim across the river.
mu da̋a̋em tára še̋mu ne̋la: 1s-N river-A.s across swim-SUP prefer-IND
9. The man just died.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru neṡűma: man-N.s die-RPR-IND
10. The woman ran off long ago.
ǧe̋ma mulúvu e-ɫ̨őka: woman-N.s long.ago PST=flee-IND
11a. The man saw the animal and (the man) ran off.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru þa̋sem e-na̋a̋kak̬e e-ɫ̨őkak̬e: man-N.s animal-A.s PST=see-IND=and PST=flee-IND=and
11b. The man saw the animal and (the animal) ran off.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru þa̋sem táe e-ɫ̨őka e-na̋a̋ka: man-N.s animal-A.s which-N.s PST=flee-IND PST=see-IND
12. The woman died and (she) shot at the small game.
ǧe̋ma e-ne̋ṡa da pinűűɫpem do e-he̋ȝa: woman-N.s PST=die-IND and small.game-A.s at PST=shoot-IND
13a. The man lives at that place.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru a-ðeeős éna m̃e̋e̋sa: man-N.s that-place-G.s at live-IND
13b. That place is a living location (for the man).
a-ðe̋e̋o m̃iirűs éra m̃e̋e̋santo ðe̋e̋o e̋sa: that-place-N.s man-G.s for live-IND-AP-ABS location-N.s be-IND
14. Give him his money back.
eȝús o pı̋ı̋nom kere̋ȝa: 3-G.s to money-A.s give.back-SBJ
15. How cold is it outside?
xu sőȝo bu vűűa: how cold-N.s outside be-IND
16. The dog was sleeping until the cat woke him up.
na̋a̋ȝ' e-še̋pa— ba̋a̋ve éȝem e-ze̋la: dog-ELIS PST=sleep-IND cat-N.s 3-A.s PST=awaken-IND
17. I haven't found my socks yet, but I will if I keep searching.
mu d̨őþon dĭde̋e̋sa néstu. de u-de̋e̋sa— ébi nééþele̋ȝa: 1s-N sock-A.p PRF~find-IND not.yet but FUT=find-IND if search-FRQ-SBJ
18. These chocolates are for the girl who helped me with math.
i-kákam̃e̋dos— táu luxsaar̈a̋s túȝa mum e-þőna— neskűs o vűűa: this.cacao.food-N.p who-N.s math-G.s with 1s-A PST=help-IND girl-G.s for be-IND
19. Your parents are brothers (of each other)!
tu-żőőnlus ża̋mus esa: your-beget-AG-N.p brother-N.p be-IND
20. Would you like the black one or the white one?
tu šőrdo tévomm̃e pa̋ȝo tévomm̃e kae̋ȝa me: 2s-N black-ABS one-A.s=or white-ABS one-A.s=or like-SBJ Q
21a. The tank is full.
madűvo pe̋e̋lo vűűa: tank-N.s full-N.s be-IND
21b. The tank filled.
madűvo e-pe̋e̋la: tank-N.s PST=fill-IND
21c. John filled the tank.
ȝóxana̋nu madűvom e-pe̋e̋la: John-N.s tank-A.s PST=fill-IND
21d. The water filled the tank.
a̋a̋me madűvom e-pe̋e̋la: water-N.s tank-A.s PST=fill-IND
22a. The man loves the woman.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧe̋num m̃ena: man-N.s woman-A.s love-IND
22b. The man loves his country.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru me̋xam m̃ena: man-N.s country-A.s love-IND
23. The man loves the woman and (he) has the woman.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧe̋num m̃ena da ǧe̋num űda: man-N.s woman-A.s love-IND da woman-A.s has-IND
24a. I am breaking it.
mu éȝom ȝa̋fa: 1s-N 3-A.s break-IND
24b. I am going about breaking (things).
mu m̃e̋kon ȝa̋fu pe̋uda: 1s-N think-A.p break-SUP be.busy.with-IND
25. The man is being looked at by the woman.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧenűs kía ża̋baþu ı̋la: man-N.s woman-G.s by look.at-IND-PP-N.s become-IND
26a. The man dropped the melon and (the melon) burst.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru űirom e-feþı̋d̨a da éȝo e-na̋ba: man-N.s melon-A.s PST=drop-TRZ-IND and 3-N.s PST=burst-IND
26b. The man hit the wall and (the wall) shouted.
m̃ı̋ı̋ru fa̋dom e-tűűga da éȝo e-ga̋la: man-N.s wall-A.s PST=hit-IND and 3-N.s PST=hit-IND
27. The smaller boy bought the biggest dog.
pĭpı̋nu hűsu mĭme̋że na̋a̋ȝem e-sa̋a: EL~small-ABS boy-N.s EL~big-ABS dog-A.s PST=buy-IND
28. The horse bears a heavy load.
mőre še̋e̋ro őnom e-ne̋xa: horse-N.s heavy-ABS load-A.s PST=bear-IND
29. I am not going to wed one of my daughters to such a daft boy.
mu toa̋lu mőőtu husűs o zidűs tévum u-m̃e̋da ne: 1s-N such-ABS daft-ABS boy-G.s to daughter-G.s one-A.s FUT=wed not
30. John threw the ball to Mary.
ȝóxana̋nu mirȝa̋mum do e-ȝe̋e̋a: John-N.s Mary-G.s to PST=throw-IND
31. He said that he (same referent) will come.
éȝu éȝum u-ǧe̋mu e-te̋e̋a: 3-N.s 3-A.s FUT=come-SUP PST=say-IND
32. This one (nearby) said that that one (far off) will come.
su ika̋num u-ǧe̋mu e-te̋e̋a: this-N.s yon-A.s FUT=come-SUP PST=say-IND
33. I need some explanations.
mu ȝa tősran ı̋ı̋ƣa: 1s-N some-ABS explanation-A.p need-IND
34. I'm not a linguist.
mu ȝéxsaar̈a̋a̋gu vűűa ne 1s-N language.know.PROF-N.s be-IND not
35. Can you speak Senjecas?
tu senȝe̋kam ȝe̋ku dűba me: 2s-N ancient.speech-A.s speak-SUP know.how-IND Q
