Senjecas - Fink-Peterson Test Sentences 1-35

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Sentences

• English Text
• Senjecan Translation

Gloss

• 1. We are sitting in the night, and like the night, we are silent.
• m̃us laata̋s éna se̋da. da laata̋' sóma sa̋a̋mus vűűa:

m̃us	laata̋s	éna	se̋da.	da	laata̋'	sóma	sa̋a̋mus	vűűa
1p-N	night-G.s	in	sit-IND	and	night-G.s-ELIS	like	silent-N.p	are-IND

• 2. I thought this darned thread was dead.
• mu i-nűűlom ne̋ṡom e-e̋su e-na̋ma:

m-u	i-nűűl-om	ne̋ṡ-om	e=e̋s-u	e=na̋m-a
1s-N	this-thread-A.s	dead-A.s	PST=be-SUP	PST=think-IND

• 3a. The clouds floated over the sea. (two readings)

• The clouds floated across the sea (moving).
• ne̋vos ma̋rem tára e-ka̋pa:

ne̋v-os	ma̋r-em	tára	e=ka̋p-a:
cloud-N.p	sea-A.s	across	PST=float-IND

• The clouds floated above the sea (not moving).
• ne̋vos mare̋s úpa e-ka̋pa:

ne̋v-os	mar-e̋s	úpa	e=ka̋p-a:
cloud-N.p	sea-A.s	above	PST=float-IND

• 3b. The cow jumped over the moon.
• ȝűne e̋idem úpa e-ı̋ta:

ȝűn-e	e̋id-em	úpa	e=ı̋t-a
cow-N.s	moon-A.s	over	PST=jump-IND

• 4a. John is taller than he (himself) thinks.
• ȝóxana̋nu gygőxu vűűa. sómi na̋ma:

ȝóxana̋n-u	gy~gőx-u	vűű-a	sómi	na̋m-a:
John-N.s	ELT~tall-N.s	be-IND.	than	think-IND

• 4b. John is taller than he (someone else) thinks.
• ȝóxana̋nu gygőxu vűűa. sómi éȝu na̋ma:

ȝóxana̋n-u	gy~gőx-u	vűű-a	sómi	éȝ-u	na̋m-a:
John-N.s	ELT~tall-N.s	be-IND.	than	3-N.s	think-IND

• 5a. They named their child Fafnir.
• éȝus żőőnaþum fafnir e-feetı̋d̨a:

éȝ-us	żőőn-a-þ-um	fafnir	e=feet-ı̋d̨-a
3-N.p	beget-IND-PP-A.s	Fafnir	PST=name-TRZ-IND

• 5b. They named their child something strange.
• éȝus żőőnaþum ze̋bo ȝome-feetı̋d̨a:

éȝ-us	żőőn-a-þ-um	ze̋bo-Ø	ȝ-om	e=feet-ı̋d̨-a
3-N.p	beget-IND-PP-A.s	strange-ABS	something-A.s	PST=name-TRZ-IND

• 6. They swept the floor (such that the floor was) clean.
• éȝus be̋hom e-še̋ba. m̨úmi éȝo e-ṡuve̋ȝa:

éȝ-us	be̋h-om	e=še̋b-a	m̨úmi	éȝ-o	e=ṡuv-e̋ȝa
3-N.p	floor-A.s	PST=sweep-IND	so_that	3-N.s	PST=be.clean-IND

• 7. I am standing between a cat and a rabbit.
• mu baave̋sk̬e ṡeṡe̋sk̬e ȝúṡa ṡűra:

m-u	baav-e̋s=k̬e	ṡeṡ-e̋s=k̬e	ȝúṡa	ṡűr-a
1s-N	cat-G.s=and	hare-G.s=and	between	stand=IND

• 8a. I swim across the river.
• mu da̋a̋em tára še̋ma:

m-u	da̋a̋-em	tára	še̋m-a:
1s-N	river-A.s	across	swim-IND

• 8b. I prefer to swim across the river.
• mu da̋a̋em tára še̋mu ne̋la:

m-u	da̋a̋-em	tára	še̋m-u	ne̋l-a
1s-N	river-A.s	across	swim-SUP	prefer-IND

• 9. The man just died.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru neṡűma:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	neṡ-űm-a
man-N.s	die-RPR-IND

• 10. The woman ran off long ago.
• ǧe̋mu mulúvu e-ɫ̨őka:

ǧe̋m-u	mulúvu	e=ɫ̨ők-a
woman-N.s	long_ago	PST=flee-IND

• 11a. The man saw the animal and (the man) ran off.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru þa̋sem e-na̋kak̬' e-ɫ̨őkak̬e:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	þa̋s-em	e=na̋ka=k̬'	e=ɫ̨ők-a=k̬e
man-N.s	animal-A.s	PST=see-IND=and=ELIS	PST=flee-IND=and

• 11b. The man saw the animal and (the animal) ran off.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru þa̋sem e-na̋ka da éȝ' e-ɫ̨őka:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	þa̋s-em	e=na̋k-a	da	éȝ-'	e=ɫ̨ők-a:
man-N.s	animal-A.s	PST=see-IND	da	3-ELIS	PST=flee-IND

• 12. The woman died and (she) shot at the small game.
• ǧe̋mu e-ne̋ṡa. da pinűűɫpem do e-he̋ȝa:

ǧe̋m-u	e=ne̋ṡ-a	da	pin.űűɫp-em	do	e=he̋ȝ-a
woman-N.s	PST=die-IND	and	small.game-A.s	at	PST=shoot-IND

• 13a. The man lives at that place.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru a-ðeeős éna m̃e̋e̋sa:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	a=ðee-ős	éna	m̃e̋e̋s-a
man-N.s	that-place-G.s	at	live-IND

• 13b. That place is a living location (for the man).
• a-ðe̋e̋o m̃iirűs éra m̃e̋e̋santo ðe̋e̋o e̋sa:

a=ðe̋e̋-o	m̃iir-űs	éra	m̃e̋e̋s-a-nto-Ø	ðe̋e̋-o	e̋s-a
that=place-N.s	man-G.s	for	live-IND-AP-ABS	location-N.s	be-IND

• 14. Give him his money back.
• eȝús o pı̋ı̋nom kere̋ȝa:

eȝ-ús	o	pı̋ı̋n-om	ker-e̋ȝa
3-G.s	to	money-A.s	give_back-SBJ

• 15. How cold is it outside?
• xőto sőȝo bu vűűa:

xőto-Ø	sőȝ-o	bu	vűű-a
how_much-ABS	cold-N.s	outside	be-IND

• 16. The dog was sleeping until the cat woke him up.
• na̋a̋ȝ' e-še̋pa—sííri ba̋a̋ve éȝem e-ze̋la:

na̋a̋ȝ='	e=še̋p-a	sííri	ba̋a̋v-e	éȝ-em	e=ze̋l-a
dog-ELIS	PST=sleep-IND	until	cat-N.s	3-A.s	PST=awaken-IND

• 17. I haven't found my socks yet, but I will if I keep searching.
• mu d̨őþon dıde̋e̋sa néstu. de u-de̋e̋sa—ébi nééþele̋ȝa:

m-u	d̨őþ-on	dı~de̋e̋s-a	néstu	de	u=de̋e̋s-a	ébi	nééþ-el-e̋ȝa
1s-N	sock-A.p	PRF~find-IND	not_yet	but	FUT=find-IND	if	search-FRQ-SBJ

• 18. These chocolates are for the girl who helped me with math.
• i-kákam̃e̋dos neskűs o—táu luxsaar̈a̋s túȝa mum e-þőna—vűűa:

i=kákam̃.e̋d-os	nesk-űs	o	tá-u	lux.saar̈-a̋s	túȝa	m-um	e=þőn-a	vűű-a
this=cacao.food-N.p	girl-G.s	for	who-N.s	number.knowledge-G.s	with	1s-A	PST=help-IND	be-IND

• 19. Your parents are brothers (of each other)!
• ȝu-żőőnlus ża̋mus esa:

ȝu=żőőn-l-us	ża̋m-us	es-a
your=beget-AG-N.p	brother-N.p	be-IND

• 20. Would you like the black one or the white one?
• tu šőrdo tévomm̃e pa̋ȝo tévomm̃e kae̋ȝa me:

t-u	šőrdo-Ø	tév-om=m̃e	pa̋ȝo-Ø	tév-om=m̃e	ka-e̋ȝa	me
2s-N	black-ABS	one-A.s=or	white-ABS	one-A.s=or	like-SBJ	Q

• 21a. The tank is full.
• madűvo pe̋e̋lo vűűa:

madűv-o	pe̋e̋l-o	vűű-a
tank-N.s	full-N.s	be-IND

• 21b. The tank filled.
• madűvo e-pe̋e̋la:

madűv-o	e=pe̋e̋l-a
tank-N.s	PST=fill-IND

• 21c. John filled the tank.
• ȝóxana̋nu madűvom e-pe̋e̋la:

ȝóxana̋n-u	madűv-om	e=pe̋e̋l-a
John-N.s	tank-A.s	PST=fill-IND

• 21d. The water filled the tank.
• a̋a̋me madűvom e-pe̋e̋la:

a̋a̋m-e	madűv-om	e=pe̋e̋l-a
water-N.s	tank-A.s	PST=fill-IND

• 22a. The man loves the woman.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧe̋num m̃ena:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	ǧe̋n-um	m̃en-a
man-N.s	woman-A.s	love-IND

• 22b. The man loves his country.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru me̋xam m̃ena:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	me̋x-am	m̃en-a
man-N.s	country-A.s	love-IND

• 23. The man loves the woman and (he) has the woman.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧe̋num m̃ena. da ǧe̋num űða:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	ǧe̋n-um	m̃en-a	da	ǧe̋n-um	űð-a
man-N.s	woman-A.s	love-IND	da	woman-A.s	has-IND

• 24a. I am breaking it.
• mu éȝom ȝa̋fantu vűűa:

m-u	éȝ-om	ȝa̋f-a-nt-u	vűű-a
1s-N	3-A.s	break-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 24b. I am going about breaking (things).
• mu m̃e̋kon ȝa̋fu pe̋uda:

m-u	m̃e̋k-on	ȝa̋f-u	pe̋ud-a
1s-N	thing-A.p	break-SUP	be_busy_with-IND

• 25. The man is being looked at by the woman.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru ǧenűs kía ża̋baþu ı̋la:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	ǧen-űs	kía	ża̋b-a-þ-u	ı̋l-a
man-N.s	woman-G.s	by	look_at-IND-PP-N.s	become-IND

• 26a. The man dropped the melon and (the melon) burst.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru űirom e-feþı̋d̨a. da éȝo e-na̋ba:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	űir-om	e=feþ-ı̋d̨-a	da	éȝ-o	e=na̋b-a
man-N.s	melon-A.s	PST=drop-TRZ-IND	and	3-N.s	PST=burst-IND

• 26b. The man hit the wall and (the wall) shouted.
• m̃ı̋ı̋ru fa̋dom e-tűűga. da éȝo e-ga̋la:

m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	fa̋d-om	e=tűűg-a	da	éȝ-o	e=ga̋l-a
man-N.s	wall-A.s	PST=hit-IND	and	3-N.s	PST=hit-IND

• 27. The smaller boy bought the biggest dog.
• pıpı̋nu hűsu mıme̋że na̋a̋ȝem e-sa̋a:

pı~pı̋nu-Ø	hűs-u	mı~me̋ż-e	na̋a̋ȝ-em	e=sa̋-a
ELT~small-ABS	boy-N.s	ELT~big-ABS	dog-A.s	PST=buy-IND

• 28. The horse bears a heavy load.
• mőre še̋e̋ro őnom e-ne̋xa:

mőr-e	še̋e̋ro-Ø	őn-om	e=ne̋x-a
horse-N.s	heavy-ABS	load-A.s	PST=bear-IND

• 29. I am not going to wed one of my daughters to such a daft boy.
• mu toa̋lu mőőtu husűs o zidűs tévum u-m̃e̋da ne:

m-u	toa̋lu-Ø	mőőtu-Ø	hus-űs	o	zid-űs	tév-um	u=m̃e̋d-a	ne
1s-N	such-ABS	daft-ABS	boy-G.s	to	daughter-G.s	one-A.s	FUT=wed	not

• 30. John threw the ball to Mary.
• ȝóxana̋nu mirȝa̋mum do ge̋lom e-ȝe̋e̋a:

ȝóxana̋n-u	mirȝa̋m-um	do	ge̋l-om	e=ȝe̋e̋-a
John-N.s	Mary-A.s	to	ball-A.s	PST=throw-IND

• 31. He said that he (same referent) will come.
• éȝu éȝum u-ǧe̋mu e-te̋e̋a:

éȝ-u	éȝ-um	u=ǧe̋m-u	e=te̋e̋-a
3-N.s	3-A.s	FUT=come-SUP	PST=say-IND

• 32. This one (nearby) said that that one (far off) will come.
• su ika̋num u-ǧe̋mu e-te̋e̋a:

s-u	ika̋n-um	u=ǧe̋m-u	e=te̋e̋-a
this-N.s	yon-A.s	FUT=come-SUP	PST=say-IND

• 33. I need some explanations.
• mu ȝa tősran ı̋ı̋ƣa:

m-u	ȝa-Ø	tősr-an	ı̋ı̋ƣ-a
1s-N	some-ABS	explanation-A.p	need-IND

• 34. I'm not a linguist.
• mu ȝéxsaar̈a̋a̋gu vűűa ne:

m-u	ȝéx.saar̈.a̋a̋g-u	vűű-a	ne
1s-N	language.know.OCC-N.s	be-IND	not

• 35. Can you speak Senjecas?
• tu senȝe̋kam ȝe̋ku dűba me:

t-u	sen.ȝe̋k-am	ȝe̋k-u	dűb-a	me
2s-N	ancient.speech-A.s	speak-SUP	know_how-IND	Q

Senjecas - Fink-Peterson Test Sentences 36-73