Senjecas - Fink-Peterson Test Sentences 36-73

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Sentences

• English Text
• Senjecan Translation

Gloss

• 36. I ceased to behave like my former self.
• mu nu miű' sóma tı̋nu e-de̋usa:

m-u	nu-Ø	miű-'	sóma	tı̋n-u	e=de̋us-a
1s-N	former-ABS	self-G.s-ELIS	like	behave-SUP	PST=cease-IND

• 37. Do what I ordered, you all!
• őru ȝús. nom—táo' mu e-e̋e̋va—kie̋ȝa:

őru-Ø	ȝ-ús	n-om	tá-o-'	m-u	e=e̋e̋v-a	ki-e̋ȝa
all-ABS	2p-V	that-A.s	which-A.s-ELIS	1s-N	PST=order-IND	do-SBJ

• 38. He was sleeping when I entered.
• mum e-tı̋rantum. éȝu e-še̋pa:

m-um	e=tı̋r-a-nt-um	éȝ-u	e=še̋p-a
1s-A	PST=enter-IND-AP-A.s	3-N.s	PST=sleep-IND

• 39. This tree is not a tree.
• i-ha̋isi ha̋isi e̋sa ne:

i-ha̋is-i	ha̋is-i	e̋s-a	ne
this=tree-N.s	tree-N.s	be-IND	not

• 40. It's a grass, like the bamboo.
• a̋ibi vedirı̋' sóma e̋sa:

a̋ib-i	vedir-ı̋ '	sóma	e̋s-a
grass-N.s	bamboo-G.s-ELIS	like	be-IND

• 41. They have green shutters.
• éȝus ða̋lo þungɛka̋ðon űða:

éȝ-us	ða̋lo-Ø	þungɛ.ka̋ð-on	űð-a
3-N.p	green-ABS	window.cover-A.p	have-IND

• 42a. I am looking at it.
• mu éȝom ża̋ba:

m-u	éȝ-om	ża̋b-a
1s.N	3-A.s	look_at-IND

• 42b. Would that I look at it.
• ebátu mu éȝom ża̋bu maƣe̋ȝa:

ebátu	m-u	éȝ-om	ża̋b-u	maƣ-e̋ȝa
would_that	1s.N	3-A.s	look.at-SUP	be_able-SBJ

• 43. I will lay waste the rebellious districts.
• mu dı̋ga ta̋im̃an u-z̨aası̋d̨a:

m-u	dı̋ga-Ø	ta̋im̃-an	u=z̨aas-ı̋d̨-a:
1s-N	rebellious-ABS	district-A.p	FUT=bleak-TRZ-IND

• 44. Three birds are flying.
• tı̋r m̃e̋ȝes pe̋tantes vűűa:

tı̋r	m̃e̋ȝ-es	pe̋t-a-nt-es	vűű-a:
three	bird-N.p	fly-IND-AP-N.p	be-IND

• 45. Senjecas is a simple language.
• senȝe̋k' alke̋na ȝe̋ka e̋sa:

senȝe̋k-'	al=ke̋na-Ø	ȝe̋k-a	e̋s-a
Senjecas-ELIS	PRV=difficult-ABS	language-N.s	be-IND

• 46. There were many beautiful trees in the garden.
• me̋e̋i gobi ha̋isis paaþős ena e-vűűla:

me̋e̋i-Ø	gobi-Ø	ha̋is-is	paaþ-ős	ena	e=vűűl-a:
many-ABS	beautiful-ABS	tree-N.p	garden-G.s	in	PST=there_be-IND

• 48. My name is Nikhil.
• mu-fe̋e̋to nixil e̋sa:

mu=fe̋e̋t-o	nixil	e̋sa:
my=name-N.s	Nikhil	be-IND

• 49. Where is the book?
• siia̋mɫo xáru vűűa:

sii.a̋mɫ-o	xáru	vűű-a
bind.paper-N.s	where	be-IND

• 50a. You are coming with me.
• tu mum sűnantu vűűa:

t-u	m-um	sűn-a-nt-u	vűű-a
2s-N	1s-A	accompany-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 50b. Are you coming with me?
• tu mum sűna me:

t-u	m-um	sűn-a	me
2s-N	1s-A	accompany-IND	Q

• 51. What is the name of that city?
• a-riȝős fe̋e̋to xo e̋sa:

a=riȝ-ős	fe̋e̋t-o	x-o	e̋s-a
that=city-G.s	name-N.s	what-N.s	be-IND

• 52. The Quendi are those who form words with voices.
• k̬e̋ndi nus—táus ƣamőm kía sa̋m̃on zı̋na—e̋sa:

k̬e̋ndi	n-us	tá-us	ƣam-őm	kía	sa̋m̃-on	zı̋n-a	e̋s-a
Quendi	that-N.p	who-N.p	voice-G.p	with	word-A.p	form-IND	be-IND

• 53a. I am eating you.
• mu tum e̋dantu vűűa:

m-u	t-um	e̋d-a-nt-u	vűű-a
1s-N	2s-A	eat-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 53b. I am eating (something).
• mu ȝom e̋dantu vűűa:

m-u	ȝ-om	e̋d-a-nt-u	vűű-a
1s-N	something-A.s	eat-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 53c. (Something) is eating me.
• ȝo mum e̋dantu vűűa:

ȝ-o	m-um	e̋d-a-nt-u	vűű-a
something-N.s	1s-A	eat-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 54a. I eat food.
• mu e̋dom e̋da:

m-u	e̋d-om	e̋d-a
1s-N	food-A.s	eat-IND

• 54b. I run.
• mu re̋e̋sa:

m-u	re̋e̋s-a
1s-N	run-IND

• 54c. I fall.
• mu főőla:

m-u	főől-a
1s-N	fall-IND

• 54d. I sleep.
• mu še̋pa:

m-u	še̋p-a
1s-N	sleep-IND

• 55. I eat food at your home.
• mu tús nóma e̋da:

m-u	t-ús	nóma	e̋d-a
1s-N	2s-G	at_home_of	eat-IND

• 56. Red is a color.
• re̋uðo te̋e̋ro e̋sa:

re̋uð-o	te̋e̋r-o	e̋s-a
red-N.s	color-N.s	be-IND

• 57. We went to the beach yesterday.
• m̃us hesaha̋s k̨űdom do e-a̋ta:

m̃-us	hes.ah-a̋s	k̨űd-om	do	e=a̋t-a
1p-N	yester.day-G.s	beach-A.s	to	PST=go-IND

• 58. He's dead, Jim!
• ȝaakobű. éȝu ne̋ṡu e̋sa:

ȝaakob-ű	éȝ-u	ne̋ṡ-u	e̋s-a:
James-V.s	3-N.s	dead-N.s	be-IND

• 59a. Elaine wants to marry (a specific person who is) a Norwegian.
• ele̋na kuða̋tırum m̃e̋du m̃e̋ṡa:

ele̋n-a	kuða̋tır-um	m̃e̋d-u	m̃e̋ṡ-a
Elaine-N.s	Norwegian-A.s	wed-SUP	want-IND

• 59b. Elaine wants to marry a Norwegian (some Norwegian or other).
• ele̋na tévu kuða̋tırum m̃e̋du m̃e̋ṡa:

ele̋n-a	tévu-Ø	kuða̋tır-um	m̃e̋d-u	m̃e̋ṡ-a:
Elaine-N.s	some-ABS	Norwegian-A.s	wed-SUP	want-IND

• 60a. I saw the food (and) the water.
• mu e̋domk̬e hűromk̬e e-na̋ka:

m-u	e̋d-om=k̬e	hűr-om=k̬e	e=na̋k-a
1s-N	food-A.s=and	water-A.s=and	PST=see-IND

• 60b. I saw the blue water.
• mu kőőxo hűrom e-na̋ka:

m-u	kőőxo-Ø	hűr-om	e=na̋k-a
1s-N	blue-ABS	water-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 61. I thought (wrongly, on an uncontrolled and not necessarily rational level) that I had seen Jenny.
• mu mum jenny nına̋ku e-na̋ma:

m-u	m-um	jenny	nı~nak-u	e=na̋m-a
1s-N	1s-A	Jenny	PRF~see-SUP	PST=think-IND

• 62a. Robert cooked the lentils.
• robe̋rtu le̋nton e-dűƣa:

robe̋rt-u	le̋nt-on	e=dűƣ-a
Robert-N.s	lentil-A.p	PST=cook-IND

• 62b. Robert cooked (performed the action of cooking).
• robe̋rtu e-dűƣa:

robe̋rt-u	e=dűƣ-a
Robert-N.s	PST=cook-IND

• 62c. The lentils cooked (were being cooked).
• le̋ntos dűƣaþos e-ı̋la:

le̋nt-os	dűƣ-a-þ-os	e=ı̋l-a:
lentil-N.p	cook-IND-PP-N.p	PST=become-IND

• 63a. The fire burns the wood.
• a̋a̋þe ma̋a̋tom a̋iða:

a̋a̋þ-e	ma̋a̋t-om	a̋ið-a
fire-N.s	wood-A.s	burn-IND

• 63b. The wood is burning.
• ma̋a̋to a̋iðanto vűűa:

ma̋a̋t-o	a̋ið-a-nt-o	vűű-a
wood-N.s	burn-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 63c. The house is burning down.
• m̃e̋e̋so órvi a̋iðanto vűűa:

m̃e̋e̋s-o	ór=vi	a̋ið-a-nt-o	vűű-a
house-N.s	complete=ADV	burn-IND-AP-N.s	be-IND

• 64a. I saw a horse from (my place at) the door.
• mu ðurportős éha mőrem e-na̋ka:

m-u	ður.port-ős	éha	mőr-em	e=na̋k-a
1s-N	door.way-G.s	from	horse-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 64b. I saw a horse (that was coming) from the door.
• mu ðurpőrtom éha ǧe̋mante mőrem e-na̋ka:

m-u	ður.pőrt-om	éha	ǧe̋m-a-nte-Ø	mőr-em	e=na̋k-a
1s-N	door.way-N.s	from	come-AP-IND-ABS	horse-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 66. John likes the baby.
• ȝóxana̋nu ba̋a̋lum ka̋a:

ȝóxana̋n- u	ba̋a̋l-um	ka̋-a
John-N.s	baby-A.s	like-IND

• 67. I can't recommend this book.
• mu i-siia̋mɫom a̋ulu fe̋e̋a:

m-u	i=sii.a̋mɫ-om	a̋ul-u	fe̋e̋-a
1s-N	this=bind.paper-A.s	recommend-SUP	be_unable-IND

• 68. The Mongols sacked Kiev.
• dőnƣırus k̨ı̋vam e-vűűda:

dőnƣır-us	k̨eı̋v-am	e=vűűd-a
Mongols-N.p	Kyiv-A.s	PST=sack-IND

• 69. Three men longed to fabricate idols in honor of two goddesses.
• tı̋r m̃ı̋ı̋rus d̬ő ii-peenűm þála ƣám̃peene̋imon va̋a̋nu e-ȝa̋ta:

tı̋r	m̃ı̋ı̋r-us	d̬ő	ii=peen-űm	þála	ƣám̃.peen.e̋im-on	va̋a̋n-u	e=ȝa̋t-a
three	man-N.p	two	F=god-G.p	in_honor_of	false.god.image-A.p	fabricate-SUP	PST=long-IND

• 70. She believes him to be good.
• ii-éȝu ur-éȝum va̋dum vűűu na̋ma:

ii=éȝ-u	ur=éȝ-um	va̋d-um	vűű-u	na̋m-a
F=3-N.s	M-3-A.s	good-A.s	be-SUP	believe-IND

• 71. She thinks he's good.
• ii-éȝu ur-éȝum va̋dum vűűu na̋ma:

ii-éȝu	ur-éȝum	va̋d-um	vűű-u	na̋m-a
F=3-N.s	M-3-A.s	good-A.s	be-SUP	think-IND

• 72. She seems to be good. (It seems that she's good.)
• ii-éȝu va̋du vűűu ka̋ȝa:

ii=éȝu	va̋d-u	vűű-u	ka̋ȝ-a
F=3-N.s	good-N.s	be-SUP	seem-IND

• 73. She hates for him to be good.
• ii-éȝu—ȝa ur-éȝu va̋du vűűa—þi̋xa:

ii=éȝ-u	ȝa	ur=éȝ-u	va̋d-u	vűű-a	þi̋x-a
F=3-N.s	that	M=3-N.s	good-N.s	be-SUP	hate-IND

Senjecas - Fink-Peterson Test Sentences-74-90