Háfrig
General information - Óroil śíre
Háfrig [IPA: ˈhaːfrig] (Háfrigerrak [ˈhaːfrigˌɛrːɒk] or HGE) is a constructed language created by Attila Répai in 2008. The word ’háfrigerrak’ means ’secret language’, as in the beginning it was used for making secret notes. Its grammar is based on Hungarian language and most of its words are ficticious. Some words derive from Turkish, Lithuanian, Faroese, Latin, Germanic and Celtic languages.
Alphabet and pronounciation - Abece het átcórán
HGE is originally written with a unique script called Háfrigvotán [IPA: ˈhaːfrigˌvotaːn] (HGV) but the latin alphabet is more widely used.
| Vowels | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | a | â | e | ê/ä | i | o | ö | u | ü/y |
| ɒ/a | a | ɛ | e | i | o | ø | u | y | |
| Long | á | é | í | ó | ő | ú | ű/ý | ||
| aː | eː | iː | oː | øː | uː | yː | |||
| Consonants | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiced | b | d | dz | (dź) | g | v | z | (ź) | j | l | m | n | ń | q | r | w | |||
| b | d | ʣ | ʤ | g | v | z | ʒ | j | l | m | n | ɲ | k/ʦ | r | w | ||||
| Unvoiced | p | t | c | ć | k | f | s | ś | h | ch | x | ||||||||
| p | t | ʦ | ʧ | k | f | s | ʃ | h | ç/x | ks | |||||||||
Notes:
- Dź and ź appear only in foreign words
- Q is pronounced as [k] before a, â, á, o, ó, u, ú and [ʦ] before e, ê, é, i, í, ö, ő, ü, ű.
How to use the linking vowels and consonants
We use them to avoid consonant or vowel clusters.
- Between words and suffixes we use a definite linking vowel (see below)
- Between any types of words we use h- or ö- (eg. mínisse h-effár, ortend ö-gnu)
That's why HGE has 6 forms of the words i ('the'), e ('and') and a ('a/an').
| i | a | e | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V - V | hil l- |
réve hil afallum réve l-afallum |
had d- |
réve had afallum réve d-afallum |
het t- |
tága het esne tága t-esne |
| V - C | hi | réve hi piktum | ha | réve ha piktum | he | tága he kecán |
| C - V | il i h- |
révest il afallum révest i h-afallum |
ad a h- |
révest ad afallum révest a h-afallum |
et e h- |
kecán et esne kecán e h-esne |
| C - C | i | révest i piktum | a | révest a piktum | e | kecán e tága |
Grammar - Errakniff
Nouns and adjectives - Hênmisse he nilganmisse
Like Hungarian, HGE is an agglutinaing language. Nouns and adjectives can be in 18 cases either singular or in plural. Words does not have gender. Nouns can be divided into 5 groups:
- Nouns ending in a consonant (eg. hutt 'house')
- a-stem (eg. capta 'room')
- e-stem (eg. pikte 'bag')
- i-stem (eg. zülti 'thing')
- u-stem (eg. histu 'news')
Suffixes have two types:
- Suffixes starting with a vowel (eg. -um, -áma)
- Suffixes starting with a consonant (These suffixes also have a linking vowel, which is to be used after a consonant. (eg. -(e)n, -(é)ti)
If you add a suffix starting with a vowel to a noun ending in a vowel, the original vowel at the end of the word disappears (eg. capta + -iri > capt- + -iri > captiri). If the final vowel and the suffix is the same, we write a long vowel instead of both (eg. histu + -u > histú). We don't use a linking vowel after words ending in an N, R or L (eg. veffel + -(i)s > veffels). The ending -S changes into a -Z and -AU/-EU changes into -AW/-EW (eg. katas + -um > katazum, bláneu > blánewio).
| Case | Hungarian suffix | HGE suffix (singular) |
Example | HGE suffix (plural) |
Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - | - | hutt, capta | -e | hutte, capte |
| Accusative | -t | -um | huttum, captum | -u | huttu, captu |
| Genitive | -nak | -(i)s | huttis, captas | (i)sse | huttisse, captasse |
| Dative | -nak | -áj | huttáj, captáj | -o | hutto, capto |
| Instrumental-comitative | -val | -(e)n | hutten, captan | -(é)ne | hutténe, captáne |
| Causal-final | -ért | -ad | huttad, captad | -áde | huttáde, captáde |
| Translative | -vá | -uá | huttuá, captuá | -ué | huttué, captué |
| Terminative | -ig | -(é)ti | huttéti, captáti | -(é)te | huttéte, captáte |
| Essive-formal/modal | ként / ül | -oj | huttoj, captoj | -ówe | huttówe, captówe |
| Inessive | -ban | -io | huttio, captio | -eo | hutteo, capteo |
| Adessive | -nál | -ómo / -om | huttómo, captómo | -óme | huttóme, camtóme |
| Superessive | -on | -óro / -or | huttóro, captóro | -óre | huttóre, captóre |
| Elative | -ból | -i | hutti, capti | -ei | huttei, captei |
| Ablative | -tól | -ími / -im | huttími, captími | -íme | huttíme, captíme |
| Delative | -ról | -íri / -ir(i) | huttíri, captíri | -íre | huttíre, captíre |
| Illative | -ba | -a | hutta, captá | -ea | huttea, captea |
| Allative | -hoz | -áma / -am | huttáma, captáma | -áme | huttáme, captáme |
| Sublative | -ra | -ára / -ar | huttára, captára | -áre | huttáre, captáre |
Comparison - Pűronán
In HGE, we can compare not only adjectives, but every types of words.
| Singular nominative | Stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| superlative | -iś | il iskéniś ('the most beautiful') | -iśś- | iskéniśś- |
| comparative | -ér | iskénér ('more beautiful') | -ér- | iskénér- |
| base form | - | iskén ('beautiful') | - | iskén- |
| negative comparative | -eri | iskéneri ('less beautiful') | -err- | iskénerr- |
| negative superlative | -eś | il iskéneś ('the least beautiful') | -eśś- | iskéneśś- |
Samle sentences:
- Comparison of adjectives: Árpád ö-śűdér, sir Romulâs. / Árpád ö-śűdér Romulázom. ('Árpád is taller than Romulus.')
- Comparison of nouns: Mes jamattu Árpádér, sir i tis. ('My statue looks like Árpád more than yours.' Literally: 'My statue is more Árpád than the yours')
- Comparison of verbs: I vittegum mítiśśe. ('I like spring the best')
Verbs - Dífekke
Verbs have three forms: D1 for present, D2 for past and D3 for future. There are three tenses (present, past, future) and four moods (declarative, conditional, conjuntive, imperative). Past tense is formed with the suffix -ó and future tense is formed with the suffix -á added to the conjugated D1 form. As there are only verbs ending in a consonant, we can add the suffixes without any changes. When we use the imperative, we put the personal pronoun or its short form before the D1 form of the verb.
| Declarative | Conditional | Imperative 1 Conjunctive |
Imperative 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG1 | -e | -ive | -ez | - |
| SG2 | -i | -ivi | -iz | ti-- / t'- |
| SG3a (general) | - | -iv | -oz | ho-- / h'- |
| SG3b (masculine) | -og | -ivog | -ox | hog-- |
| SG3c (feminine) | -a | -iva | -az | hag-- |
| PL1a (general) | -am | -ivam | -anz | ke-- / k'- |
| PL1b (SG1+SG2/PL2) | -em | -ivem | -enz | ken-- |
| PL1c (SG1+SG3/PL3) | -um | -ivum | -unz | kun-- |
| PL2 | -in | -ivin | -inz | du-- / d'- |
| PL3 | -est | -ivest | -edz | ve-- / v'- |
The verb ren ('to be') is also regular.
| Declarative | Conditional | Imperative 1 m. Conjunctive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | past | future | present | past | future | present | future | |
| SG1 | re | reó | reá | rive | riveó | riveá | rez | rezá |
| SG2 | ri | rió | riá | rivi | rivió | riviá | riz | rizá |
| SG3a | ro | ró | rá | riv | rivó | rivá | roz | rozá |
| SG3b | rog | rogó | rogá | rivog | rivogó | rivogá | rox | roxá |
| SG3c | ra | ragó | ragá | riva | rivagó | rivagá | raz | razá |
| PL1a | ram | ramó | ramá | rivam | rivamó | rivamá | ranz | ranzá |
| PL1b | rem | remó | remá | rivem | rivemó | rivemá | renz | renzá |
| PL1c | rum | rumó | rumá | rivum | rivumó | rivumá | runz | runzá |
| PL2 | rin | rinó | riná | rivin | rivinó | riviná | rinz | rinzá |
| PL3 | rest | restó | restó | rivest | rivestó | rivestá | redz | redzá |
Passive voice - Gandífend fóda
Form: D1 + -u / -tu (after L, N, R) + the correct form of ren (it can be omitted in SG3 in present tense) Sample sentences:
- Ille kataze mőr pellu beres ovvertu restó. ('These books are read by many children)
- La pemúr gerévu. ('That picture is seen.')
The object of the action - I dífáns deveri
Instead of using the accusative form of the personal pronoun, we can use the possessive suffix. Sample sentences:
- Réve veum. > Révüste. ('I watch them.')
- Ovvélivestó meum il ükóla. > Ovvéleldivestó l-ükóla. ('They could have taken me to the school.')
Pronouns - Elongömisse
Personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns - Mínâl, ájdánâl et ájkámüssend elongömisse
| Personal pronoun | Possessive pronoun | Possessive suffix | Reflexive pronoun | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG1 | me / iss | mes | -eld | fed |
| SG2 | ti | tis | -ild | fid |
| SG3a (general) | ho | hos | -old | fod |
| SG3b (masculine) | hog | hox / hos | ||
| SG3c (feminine) | hag | hax / has | -ald | fad |
| PL1a (general) | ke | kes | -and | fam |
| PL1b (SG1 + SG2/PL2) | ken | kens | -end | fem |
| PL1c (SG1 + SG3/PL3) | kun | kuns | -und | fum |
| PL2 | du | dus | -ind | fin |
| PL3 | ve | ves | -üst | fest |
Translations - Bettélege
Romulus and Remus - Romulâs e Remas
- Rea Silviáj, Numitors pellináj gémennalde főró, Romulâs e Remas. Ak i howadeńńa Amuliâs i zígu gen éló bawiren. Rea Silvium tákesserconiró het a besláj impézó, ćo gebostiroz ö-vitta hi gémennu. I besla h-inio gan optodauf (optodífó), i pellú hi robendorellor oqqwitó d‑üsmegio. A śinna vilkas genógó veum, qwin avoltiró t-êllavonó hi dau zígum. A Faustulâs missát’ ájfilqwazión i huttolda véló, len bênoldáj, Akka Lárenciáj dontó veum. I pelle sêvindó hagáj, śe Faustulâs et Akka balio niffirestó Romulázum e Remazum.
- Ift’ i gémenne kewilesténe maurat gebowirestó h-Amuliázum. Ênn śurgőtestó, ogadirestó, ćo lor órinor, lós pell’éjkestis iskéniś pêllu télestó, vonil dúnum krűnestá. Il ommissonekk ócen inio medülig appíćán rá dawest ö‑pitte. Léjk histeńńa posomoldio Romulâs diddűśimbó bidoldum, e hi śurtildiltend ö‑dúnum fodis fodir ommissonó Rómáj, famis Kr.á. 753‑ími 716‑éti lauger ró.
The Magical Deer (Ancient Hungarian legend) - I vinturbaraus fába
- Isteró ha tikkor, ćo fillogonn gefinestó, het i zélio ha jauvos śinnabarau riltó h-ápest. La texadó h‑ápesti, ve pêdze hi meotizál pengale pitta si folkestó. Hatt ö‑lapti h‑elónat farswin (forswinó), e doz mőrti aradestó, h-édańńa son genógaldestó (= genógestó hagum). Táńővestó l‑óle völlé pengalu he ves ájfilisse holozavoltiránar ekarináj nógestó. Foropti ves etâram ájrowix gekátest (gekétestó) hí hi restánum, forven zültesten i meotizál pengale pitta rowestó, ćo h‑ájfilestu holozavoltirix hatt bíledz.
- I Meotizis tirlün Perśias lenn gűre nógand; an wádus exeloren vilqveni múr éliohaff, gan ájd ö‑robendu, ak batále holozáta fêllüreo, h‑ećerreo, fozeo, h‑áfeo he fillogeo; i tá- het átőván ante tefig. I meotizál pengale pitta rowestó fixi, e fim pellti gan ollíkiltestó hatti. Ênnil i six pellio h-átfimmestó, i zélio damöwájnat i Bereka-zígisse bênáre he pelláre nágest (nógestó), laqwine hi maune h-aur tagâlonstó, et évas i bórdis córnibálum sovitest (savitestó) e cerdára bêllonstó. Ájfilesten maurat avellat ovvélestó veum i Meotizis pengaleo. I bós ö-flet opti hett ró hil anx ö-śommeg.
- Isteró pêdze, ćo h‑illio h‑eltoppio le pelle pitte l-alán wariónis, Dulánis dau pellinum êś ohhaffestó, anigum Hunor, i h‑elongum Magor lájmó bênoj. Illei minnei dévizó lapti hi ven hún e hunnâs. Isteró pêdze, ćo lapti mőrti baulest (bílestó) i meotizál pengale pitte, úzestó bêre bós foxuá gőten, et y tirlün óle gin tákümben, gin avoltiren gan ö-ró bonnu veum.
The Lord's Prayer - Kes Etâr
- Kes Etâr, qwin il eskáleo ri,
- genomentuz i missild,
- offimmoz i tis agenir,
- geroz i tis élekk,
- léda l-eskálio, śo l-edzúroro si.
- Forventikál vekánandum dontiz káj píl,
- et offűliz i bêtgánandu,
- léda ke s’ offűlam i h-inóvand bêtdífendo.
- E gin véliz kum kojsitána,
- ak gemojgiriz i vultími.
- (Dé tis i h-agenir, i forrel e l-iskür forvenâk.)
- Roz ö-gen.
The Apostles Creed - Evele'n
- Evele 'n Allâzio, forvengámend Etário, eskális et edzúris dífiónio.
- E Jézuś Kristuzio, i hos anfőros zígio, i kes Mínio,
- qwin gefíntu ró l-Omena Gúsergan, fór Omena Mári,
- árentu ró Poncius Pilátus entre, genígestó, gebaw et offorkestó.
- Difortó l-entredzúra, trox ö-tikkar śurátogó hi boweste pitti,
- śurrőnó l-eskála, hon saut i forvengámend Etârallâzis rofiom,
- honi offimm ö-ćevéren ungendu he bowestu.
- Evele h-Omena Gúsergio, hi katolige Mittomen'huttio,
- il omenisse rogennio, hi bêtgánisse h-offűlánio,
- hi ćerras śurátogánio et i forvenâkál ungio.
- Roz ö-gen.
