Háfrig
General information - Óroil śíre
Háfrig [IPA: ˈhaːfrig] (Háfrigerrak [ˈhaːfrigˌɛrːɒk] or HGE) is a constructed language created by Attila Répai in 2008. The word ’háfrigerrak’ means ’secret language’, as in the beginning it was used for making secret notes. Its grammar is based on Hungarian language and most of its words are ficticious. Some words derive from Turkish, Lithuanian, Faroese, Latin, Germanic and Celtic languages.
Alphabet and pronounciation - Abece het átcórán
Grammar - Errakniff
Nouns and adjectives - Hênmisse he nilganmisse
Like Hungarian, HGE is an agglutinaing language. Nouns and adjectives can be in 18 cases either singular or in plural. Words does not have gender. Nouns can be divided into 5 groups:
- Nouns ending in a consonant (eg. hutt 'house')
- a-stem (eg. capta 'room')
- e-stem (eg. pikte 'bag')
- i-stem (eg. zülti 'thing')
- u-stem (eg. histu 'news')
Suffixes have two types:
- Suffixes starting with a vowel (abbreviation: AgP) (eg. -um, -áma)
- Suffixes starting with a consonant (EgP). These suffixes also have a linking vowel, which is to be used after a consonant. (eg. -(e)n, -(é)ti)
If you add an AgP suffix to a noun ending in a vowel, the original vowel at the end of the word disappears (eg. capta + -iri > capt- + -iri > captiri). If the final vowel and the suffix is the same, we write a long vowel instead of both (eg. histu + -u > histú). We don't use a linking vowel after words ending in an N, R or L (eg. veffel + -(i)s > veffels). The ending -S changes into a -Z (eg. katas + -um > katazum).
| Case | Hungarian suffix | HGE suffix (singular) |
Example | HGE suffix (plural) |
Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | - | - | hutt, capta | -e | hutte, capte |
| Accusative | -t | -um | huttum, captum | -u | huttu, captu |
| Genitive | -nak | -(i)s | huttis, captas | (i)sse | huttisse, captasse |
| Dative | -nak | -áj | huttáj, captáj | -o | hutto, capto |
| Instrumental-comitative | -val | -(e)n | hutten, captan | -(é)ne | hutténe, captáne |
| Causal-final | -ért | -ad | huttad, captad | -áde | huttáde, captáde |
| Translative | -vá | -uá | huttuá, captuá | -ué | huttué, captué |
| Terminative | -ig | -(é)ti | huttéti, captáti | -(é)te | huttéte, captáte |
| Essive-formal/modal | ként / ül | -oj | huttoj, captoj | -ówe | huttówe, captówe |
| Inessive | -ban | -io | huttio, captio | -eo | hutteo, capteo |
| Adessive | -nál | -ómo / -om | huttómo, captómo | -óme | huttóme, camtóme |
| Superessive | -on | -óro / -or | huttóro, captóro | -óre | huttóre, captóre |
| Elative | -ból | -i | hutti, capti | -ei | huttei, captei |
| Ablative | -tól | -ími / -im | huttími, captími | -íme | huttíme, captíme |
| Delative | -ról | -íri / -ir(i) | huttíri, captíri | -íre | huttíre, captíre |
| Illative | -ba | -a | hutta, captá | -ea | huttea, captea |
| Allative | -hoz | -áma / -am | huttáma, captáma | -áme | huttáme, captáme |
| Sublative | -ra | -ára / -ar | huttára, captára | -áre | huttáre, captáre |
Verbs - Dífekke
Verbs have three forms: D1 for present, D2 for past and D3 for future. There are three tenses (present, past, future) and four moods (declarative, conditional, conjuntive, imperative). Past tense is formed with the suffix -ó and future tense is formed with the suffix -á added to the conjugated D1 form. As there are only verbs ending in a consonant, we can add the suffixes without any changes. When we use the imperative, we put the personal pronoun or its short form before the D1 form of the verb.
| Declarative | Conditional | Imperative 1 Conjunctive |
Imperative 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG1 | -e | -ive | -ez | - |
| SG2 | -i | -ivi | -iz | ti-- / t'- |
| SG3a (general) | - | -iv | -oz | ho-- / h'- |
| SG3b (masculine) | -og | -ivog | -ox | hog-- |
| SG3c (feminine) | -a | -iva | -az | hag-- |
| PL1a (general) | -am | -ivam | -anz | ke-- / k'- |
| PL1b (SG1+SG2/PL2) | -em | -ivem | -enz | ken-- |
| PL1c (SG1+SG3/PL3) | -um | -ivum | -unz | kun-- |
| PL2 | -in | -ivin | -inz | du-- / d'- |
| PL3 | -est | -ivest | -edz | ve-- / v'- |
The verb ren ('to be') is regular.
| Declarative | Conditional | Imperative 1 m. Conjunctive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | past | future | present | past | future | present | future | |
| SG1 | re | reó | reá | rive | riveó | riveá | rez | rezá |
| SG2 | ri | rió | riá | rivi | rivió | riviá | riz | rizá |
| SG3a | ro | ró | rá | riv | rivó | rivá | roz | rozá |
| SG3b | rog | rogó | rogá | rivog | rivogó | rivogá | rox | roxá |
| SG3c | ra | ragó | ragá | riva | rivagó | rivagá | raz | razá |
| PL1a | ram | ramó | ramá | rivam | rivamó | rivamá | ranz | ranzá |
| PL1b | rem | remó | remá | rivem | rivemó | rivemá | renz | renzá |
| PL1c | rum | rumó | rumá | rivum | rivumó | rivumá | runz | runzá |
| PL2 | rin | rinó | riná | rivin | rivinó | riviná | rinz | rinzá |
| PL3 | rest | restó | restó | rivest | rivestó | rivestá | redz | redzá |
