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| == Particles / Articles == | | = t = |
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| *'''ke''' - definite article / topic marker / accusative particle (non-obligatory, used for specificity)
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| *'''kya''' - jussive particle (placed before the phrase)
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| *'''ya''' - vocative particle (placed before the noun being addressed)
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| == Pronouns ==
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| {| class="wikitable" border=1
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| |-
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| ! !! ''Nominative'' !! ''Accusative'' !! ''Possessive'' !! ''Reflexive'' !! ''Reciprocal''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1s''
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| || na || ena || nayo || na'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''2s''
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| || ta || eta ||tayo || ta'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''3s''
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| || ha || eha || hayo || ha'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''4s''
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| || tla || etla || tlayo || tla'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1p''
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| || nam || enam || namyo || nami || nanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1p'' (EXCL)
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| || na'am || ena'am || na'amyo || na'ami || na'anku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''2p''
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| || tam || etam || tamyo || tami || tanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''3p''
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| || kam || ekam || kamyo || kami || kanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''4p''
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| || tlam || etlam || tlamyo || tlami || tlanku
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| |-
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| |}
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| === Other pronouns ===
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| *'''itla''' - this (here)
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| *'''uatla''' - that (there)
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| === Correlatives ===
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| {| class="wikitable" border=1
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| |-
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| ! !! ''query'' !! ''this'' !! ''that'' !! ''some'' !! ''none'' !! ''any'' !! ''every'' !! ''whichever''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''adjective''
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| || ka || itla || uatla || iha || ak || ula || kua || ote
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''person''
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| || ko...ka || iko || uako || ihako || hok || kola || kohua || oteko
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''thing''
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| || no...ka || itla || uatla || ihano || nok || nola || nokua || oteno
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''time''
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| || ama/tsima...ka || ima || uama || ihama || amak || amala || kuama || otema
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''place''
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| || mo...ka || hina || uana || ihamo || mok || mola || mokua || otemo
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''way''
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| || to...ka || yoto || uato || ihato || tok || tola || tokua || oheto
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''amount''
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| || ku/o...ka || iku || uaku || ihaku || huk/ok || kula || hukua/okua || oteku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''reason''
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| || nye...ka || inye || uanye || ihanye || nyek || ulanye || nyekua || otenye
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''kind''
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| || su...ka || isu || uasu || ihasu || suk || sula || sukua || otesu
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| |-
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| |}
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| == Conjunctions ==
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| *'''ma''' - and, also, as well
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| *'''hema...ma''' - both...and...
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| *'''ua''' - or, other, either
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| *'''uak''' - nor, neither
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| *'''ehe''' - but, however
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| *'''iya''' - if, whether
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| *'''ke / uama''' - then
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| *'''nye''' - because, in order that, so that
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| *'''nke''' - and though; although; even though
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| == Affirmation and Negation ==
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| *'''uala''' - actually, indeed / verily, truly
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| *'''tokua''' - by all means
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| *'''tok''' - by no means
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| *'''a''' - yes / certainly, evidently, of course
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| *'''ak''' - no, not
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| *'''eya''' - perhaps, maybe, possibly
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| *'''apa''' - probably
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| == Verbs ==
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| === basic ===
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| *'''a''' - to be, exist
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| *'''munta''' - become, change, alter
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| *'''muya''' - cause to, make, do
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| *'''myonta''' - let, allow, permit to
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| *'''heta''' - must, should, need to
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| *'''ueha''' - want to, intend to
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| *'''pala''' - can, could, am able to
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| === simple movement ===
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| *'''sapua''' - arrive
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| *'''tala''' - come (back), return
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| *'''yala''' - depart, leave, go, walk
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| *'''eka''' - enter, come/go in
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| *'''yese''' - exit, come/go out
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| *'''itola''' - fall, drop
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| *'''olo''' - fly, move through air
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| *'''tapya''' - follow, continue, go on
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| *'''topu''' - jump
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| *'''hoya''' - raise, rise, lift
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| *'''tlani''' - roll, revole
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| *'''hatsu''' - run
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| *'''sima''' - sit, recline, rest
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| *'''tsamu''' - stand, be upright, rise to one's feet
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| *'''uku''' - stop, wait
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| *'''saka''' - swim, move through water
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| === change ===
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| === weather ===
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| *'''tonya''' - freeze, solidify
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| *'''pana''' - rain, moisten, humidify
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| *'''nyahi''' - snow [white]
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| *'''sama''' - shine [sun, solar]
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| === biological actions ===
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| *'''nasa''' - be born
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| *'''sinu''' - die
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| *'''inu''' - drink
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| *'''ina''' - eat
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| *'''anu''' - hear, listen
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| *'''asa''' - live
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| *'''heta''' - need
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| *'''anya''' - see, look
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| *'''moku''' - sleep
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| *'''taki''' - taste, like, enjoy
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| *'''yanta''' - waken, awaken
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| == Food ==
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| === Fruits ===
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| *'''omena''' - apple
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| *'''melonka''' - apricot
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| *'''kilatsi''' - cherry
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| *'''hasukanu''' - date, fig
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| *'''punka''' - fruit
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| *'''enapa''' - grapes
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| *'''ntimu''' - lemon
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| *'''sokuya''' - lime
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| *'''kapunu''' - melon
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| *'''setona''' - olive
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| *'''tsunkua''' - orange
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| *'''takolo''' - peach
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| *'''nasi''' - pear
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| *'''matsatli''' - pineapple
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| *'''etlika''' - plum
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| *'''malina''' - raspberry
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| *'''yakota''' - (straw)berry
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| === Vegetables ===
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| *'''kusupu''' - artichoke
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| *'''asino''' - asparagus
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| *'''tlopya''' - bean
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| *'''tohi''' - cabbage / broccoli / cauliflower
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| *'''ha'utsu''' - carrot
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| *'''apyoma''' - celery
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| *'''suani''' - chives
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| *'''o'i''' - cucumber
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| *'''nopilo''' - garlic
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| *'''hyantso''' - herbs
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| *'''etesa''' - lentil
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| *'''tletsuka''' - lettuce
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| *'''hakuni''' - mint
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| *'''kopa''' - mushroom
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| *'''kasuma''' - onion
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| *'''metanoso''' - parsley
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| *'''uansu''' - pea
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| *'''ahiya''' - potato
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| *'''kapotsa''' - pumpkin
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| *'''tlapanu''' - radish
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| *'''nyokutsu''' - sage
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| *'''teleta''' - spinach
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| *'''sitomatla''' - tomato
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| *'''salatsa''' - turnip
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| *'''napaka''' - grain
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| *'''sayeli''' - barley
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| *'''kanka''' - maize, corn
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| *'''yolapu''' - oats
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| *'''nyoma''' - rice
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| *'''sikali''' - rye
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| *'''mpoka''' - vegetable
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| *'''kenime''' - wheat
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| === Meals ===
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| *'''inama''' - meal, dinner
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| *'''sopane''' - breakfast
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| *'''tetsuna''' - lunch
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| *'''esa''' - supper
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| *'''ina''' - food
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| *'''kinuahu''' - dessert
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| *'''sunalo''' - salad
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| *'''ketosa''' - soup
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| *'''matla''' - stew
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| === Drink ===
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| *'''inu''' - drink
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| *'''inupan''' - drinkable
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| *'''kaua''' - coffee
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| *'''tsai''' - tea
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| *'''hali''' - milk
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| *'''maya''' - water
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| *'''ka'asu''' - juice
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| == Kinship terms ==
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| === Direct ===
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| *'''otahaka''' - great-grandfather
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| *'''onahaka''' - great-grandmother
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| *'''otaha''' - grandfather / great-uncle
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| *'''onaha''' - grandmother / great-aunt
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| *'''ota''' - father / uncle
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| *'''ona''' - mother / aunt
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| *'''otaua''' - brother / cousin
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| *'''onaua''' - sister / cousin
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| *'''ota’i''' - son / nephew
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| *'''ona’i''' - daughter / niece
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| *'''ota’iha''' - grandson
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| *'''ona’iha''' - granddaughter
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| === Indirect ===
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| *'''tla’ota''' husband
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| *'''tla’ona''' wife
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| *'''po’ota''' father-in-law
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| *'''po’ona''' mother-in-law
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| *'''po’ona’i''' daughter-in-law
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| *'''po’otaua''' brother-in-law
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| *'''po’onaua''' sister-in-law
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| *'''tla'ota’i''' - stepson
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| *'''tla'ona’i''' - stepdaughter
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| == Colors ==
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| * '''akai''' - red
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| * '''otliyo''' - orange
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| * '''yana''' - yellow
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| * '''kuya''' - green
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| * '''tsuku''' - blue
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| * '''tlaku''' - indigo, violet, purple
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| * '''nyahi''' - white, pale
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| * '''oya''' - black, dark
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| * '''yehi''' - clear
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| == Toponyms ==
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| *'''apika''' - Africa
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| :*'''yatsa'ila''' - Algeria - '''tsayela''' - Algers
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| :*'''ankola''' - Angola - '''tlo'anta''' - Luanda
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| :*'''penina''' - Benin - '''hokupono''' - Porto Novo
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| *'''antakutika''' - Antarctica
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| :
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| *'''atsa''' - Asia
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| *'''osutaliya''' - Australia
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| *'''yolopa''' - Europe
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| *'''amelika kita''' - North Amerika
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| :*'''kanata''' - Canada - '''otaua''' - Ottawa
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| :*'''kupa''' - Cuba - '''hauana''' - Havana
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| :*'''hanya te tolom''' (Nation of States) - USA - '''uasiton''' - Washington DC
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| :
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| *'''amelika mina''' - South Amerika
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| :
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