Háfrig

General information - Óroil śíre

The flag of the Háfrig (Avorenta) language

Háfrig [IPA: ˈhaːfrig] (other names: Háfrigerrak [ˈhaːfrigˌɛrːɒk], HGE or Avorenta [ˈɒvorɛntɒ]) is a constructed language created by Attila Répai in 2008. The word ’háfrigerrak’ means ’secret language’, as in the beginning it was used for making secret notes. Its grammar is based on the Hungarian language, therefore it is an agglutinating language. Its dictionary contains over 2100 words, most of them are ficticious, but a few derive from Turkish, Lithuanian, Latin, Germanic and Celtic languages.

The main advantages of HGE:

• It has a logical grammar without a lot of exceptions.
• Its vocabulary can be enlarged without restraint because we can form a large amount of words with suffixes.
• Words are easy to pronounce.
• We can express long English sentences very briefly.
  eg. 'I and you could have taken them back down to the cellar' = Ájdivvélüstivemó l-ármoga.
• We can express slight differences of importance with word order.
  eg. I vínor ővixe gefűleó ha fereneldum. = 'When I was walking on the street, I saw one of my friends.'
  A fereneldum gefűleó hi vínor ővixe. = 'When I was walking on the street, I saw one of my friends.'
  Ővixe hi vínor gefűleó ha fereneldum. = 'When I was walking on the street, I saw one of my friends.'
  Gefűleó ha fereneldum i vínor ővixe. = 'When I was walking on the street, I saw one of my friends.'

Alphabet and pronounciation - Abece het átcórán

The alphabet of the Háfrigvotán (HGV) script

HGE is originally written with a unique script called Háfrigvotán [IPA: ˈhaːfrigˌvotaːn] (HGV) but the latin alphabet is more widely used.

Vowels
Short	a	â	e	ê/ä	i	o	ö	u	ü/y
	ɒ/a	a	ɛ	e	i	o	ø	u	y
Long	á		é		í	ó	ő	ú	ű/ý
	aː		eː		iː	oː	øː	uː	yː

Consonants
Voiced	b	d	dz	(dź)	g	v	z	(ź)	j	l	m	n	ń	q	r	w
	b	d	ʣ	ʤ	g	v	z	ʒ	j	l	m	n	ɲ	k/ʦ	r	w
Unvoiced	p	t	c	ć	k	f	s	ś									h	ch	x
	p	t	ʦ	ʧ	k	f	s	ʃ									h	ç/x	ks

Notes:

• Dź and ź appear only in foreign words.
• Q is pronounced as [k] before a, â, á, o, ó, u, ú and [ʦ] before e, ê, é, i, í, ö, ő, ü, ű.

Linking vowels and consonants - Roêndögarce

We use them to avoid consonant or vowel clusters.

• Between words and suffixes we use a definite linking vowel (see below)
• Between any types of words we use h- or ö- (eg. mínisse h-effár, ortend ö-gnu)

That's why HGE has 6 forms of the words i ('the'), e ('and') and a ('a/an').

	i		a		e
V - V	hil l-	réve hil afallum réve l-afallum	had d-	réve had afallum réve d-afallum	het t-	tága het esne tága t-esne
V - C	hi	réve hi piktum	ha	réve ha piktum	he	tága he kecán
C - V	il i h-	révest il afallum révest i h-afallum	ad a h-	révest ad afallum révest a h-afallum	et e h-	kecán et esne kecán e h-esne
C - C	i	révest i piktum	a	révest a piktum	e	kecán e tága

Grammar - Errakniff

Nouns and adjectives - Hênmisse he nilganmisse

Like Hungarian, HGE is an agglutinaing language. Nouns and adjectives can be in 18 cases either singular or in plural. Words does not have gender. Nouns can be divided into 5 groups:

• Nouns ending in a consonant (eg. hutt 'house')
• a-stem (eg. capta 'room')
• e-stem (eg. pikte 'bag')
• i-stem (eg. zülti 'thing')
• u-stem (eg. histu 'news')

Suffixes have two types:

• Suffixes starting with a vowel (eg. -um, -áma)
• Suffixes starting with a consonant (These suffixes also have a linking vowel, which is to be used after a consonant. (eg. -(e)n, -(é)ti)

If you add a suffix starting with a vowel to a noun ending in a vowel, the original vowel at the end of the word disappears (eg. capta + -iri > capt- + -iri > captiri). If the final vowel and the suffix is the same, we write a long vowel instead of both (eg. histu + -u > histú). We don't use a linking vowel after words ending in an N, R or L (eg. veffel + -(i)s > veffels). The ending -S changes into a -Z and -AU/-EU changes into -AW/-EW (eg. katas + -um > katazum, bláneu > blánewio).

Case	Hungarian suffix	HGE suffix (singular)	Example	HGE suffix (plural)	Example
Nominative	-	-	hutt, capta	-e	hutte, capte
Accusative	-t	-um	huttum, captum	-u	huttu, captu
Genitive	-nak	-(i)s	huttis, captas	(i)sse	huttisse, captasse
Dative	-nak	-áj	huttáj, captáj	-o	hutto, capto
Instrumental-comitative	-val	-(e)n	hutten, captan	-(é)ne	hutténe, captáne
Causal-final	-ért	-ad	huttad, captad	-áde	huttáde, captáde
Translative	-vá	-uá	huttuá, captuá	-ué	huttué, captué
Terminative	-ig	-(é)ti	huttéti, captáti	-(é)te	huttéte, captáte
Essive-formal/modal	-ként / -ül	-oj	huttoj, captoj	-ówe	huttówe, captówe
Inessive	-ban	-io	huttio, captio	-eo	hutteo, capteo
Adessive	-nál	-ómo / -om	huttómo, captómo	-óme	huttóme, camtóme
Superessive	-on	-óro / -or	huttóro, captóro	-óre	huttóre, captóre
Elative	-ból	-i	hutti, capti	-ei	huttei, captei
Ablative	-tól	-ími / -im	huttími, captími	-íme	huttíme, captíme
Delative	-ról	-íri / -ir(i)	huttíri, captíri	-íre	huttíre, captíre
Illative	-ba	-a	hutta, captá	-ea	huttea, captea
Allative	-hoz	-áma / -am	huttáma, captáma	-áme	huttáme, captáme
Sublative	-ra	-ára / -ar	huttára, captára	-áre	huttáre, captáre

Comparison - Pűronán

In HGE, we can compare not only adjectives, but every types of words.

	Singular nominative		Stem
superlative	-iś	il iskéniś ('the most beautiful')	-iśś-	iskéniśś-
comparative	-ér	iskénér ('more beautiful')	-ér-	iskénér-
base form	-	iskén ('beautiful')	-	iskén-
negative comparative	-eri	iskéneri ('less beautiful')	-err-	iskénerr-
negative superlative	-eś	il iskéneś ('the least beautiful')	-eśś-	iskéneśś-

Samle sentences:

• Comparison of adjectives: Árpád ö-śűdér, sir Romulâs. / Árpád ö-śűdér Romulázom. ('Árpád is taller than Romulus.')
• Comparison of nouns: Mes jamattu Árpádér, sir i tis. ('My statue looks like Árpád more than yours.' Literally: 'My statue is more Árpád than the yours')
• Comparison of verbs: I vittegum mítiśśe. ('I like spring the best')

Verbs - Dífekke

Verbs have three forms: D1 for present, D2 for past and D3 for future. There are three tenses (present, past, future) and four moods (declarative, conditional, conjunctive, imperative). Past tense is formed with the suffix -ó and future tense is formed with the suffix -á added to the conjugated D1 form. As there are only verbs ending in a consonant, we can add the suffixes without any changes. When we use the imperative, we put the personal pronoun or its short form before the D1 form of the verb.

	Declarative	Conditional	Imperative 1 Conjunctive	Imperative 2
SG1	-e	-ive	-ez	-
SG2	-i	-ivi	-iz	ti-- / t'-
SG3a (general)	-	-iv	-oz	ho-- / h'-
SG3b (masculine)	-og	-ivog	-ox	hog--
SG3c (feminine)	-a	-iva	-az	hag--
PL1a (general)	-am	-ivam	-anz	ke-- / k'-
PL1b (SG1+SG2/PL2)	-em	-ivem	-enz	ken--
PL1c (SG1+SG3/PL3)	-um	-ivum	-unz	kun--
PL2	-in	-ivin	-inz	du-- / d'-
PL3	-est	-ivest	-edz	ve-- / v'-

The verb ren ('to be') is also regular.

	Declarative			Conditional			Imperative 1 Conjunctive
	present	past	future	present	past	future	present	future
SG1	re	reó	reá	rive	riveó	riveá	rez	rezá
SG2	ri	rió	riá	rivi	rivió	riviá	riz	rizá
SG3a	ro	ró	rá	riv	rivó	rivá	roz	rozá
SG3b	rog	rogó	rogá	rivog	rivogó	rivogá	rox	roxá
SG3c	ra	ragó	ragá	riva	rivagó	rivagá	raz	razá
PL1a	ram	ramó	ramá	rivam	rivamó	rivamá	ranz	ranzá
PL1b	rem	remó	remá	rivem	rivemó	rivemá	renz	renzá
PL1c	rum	rumó	rumá	rivum	rivumó	rivumá	runz	runzá
PL2	rin	rinó	riná	rivin	rivinó	riviná	rinz	rinzá
PL3	rest	restó	restá	rivest	rivestó	rivestá	redz	redzá

Passive voice - Gandífend fóda

Form: D1 + -u / -tu (after L, N, R) + the correct form of ren (it can be omitted in SG3 in present tense). Sample sentences:

• Ille kataze mőr pellu beres ovvertu restó. ('These books are read by many children)
• La pemúr gerévu. ('That picture is seen.')

The object of the action - I dífáns deveri

Instead of using the accusative form of the personal pronoun, we can use the possessive suffix. Sample sentences:

• Réve veum. > Révüste. ('I watch them.')
• Ovvélivestó meum il ükóla. > Ovvéleldivestó l-ükóla. ('They could have taken me to the school.')

Pronouns - Elongömisse

Personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns - Mínâl, ájdánâl et ájkámüssend elongömisse

	Personal pronoun	Possessive pronoun	Possessive suffix	Reflexive pronoun
SG1	me / iss	mes	-eld	fed
SG2	ti	tis	-ild	fid
SG3a (general)	ho	hos	-old	fod
SG3b (masculine)	hog	hox / hos
SG3c (feminine)	hag	hax / has	-ald	fad
PL1a (general)	ke	kes	-and	fam
PL1b (SG1 + SG2/PL2)	ken	kens	-end	fem
PL1c (SG1 + SG3/PL3)	kun	kuns	-und	fum
PL2	du	dus	-ind	fin
PL3	ve	ves	-üst	fest

We decline personal pronouns like nouns. Exceptions are listed below:

• The accusative form of the pronouns me, ti and ve contains the final vowel: meum, tium, veum.
• The elative form of ti and ho are written with a long í: tí, hí. (to avoid confusing them with ti ('you') and hi ('the')).

Possessive pronouns are simply the genitive forms of personal pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns - Kívend elongömisse

There are three types of demonstrative pronouns:

• Demonstrative pronouns referring to a near object
• Demonstrative pronouns referring to a distant object
• General demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns referring to near or distant objects
	this	that	this kind of	that kind of	as large as this	as large as that	so much/many (near)	so much/many (distant)
	ill	la	nix	nax	fex	fax	vis	vas
a-	all	ala	anix	anax	afex	afax	avis	avas
e-	ell	ela	enix	enax	efex	efax	evis	evas

The prefix a- means 'the same'.

• -¿Óle d-elong ö-katazum veri? -Gan, sítle h-alum. ('-Are you reading another book? -No, I'm still reading the same one.') Note that ala, which refers to a distant object, is used, because it's from the view of the person who asked the question.
• Illio h-üsmegio h-avas afal ro, sir il elongio. ('There are as many apples in this basket than in the other.')

The prefix e- means 'the other'.

• -¿Illu bissiru genéqwidamá? -Gan, ellu. ('-Shall we buy these newspapers? -No, the others (which are these ones).')

General demonstrative pronouns are the same as the noun suffixes. Singular nominative form is ü or y.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ü / y	e
Accusative	um	u
Genitive	is	isse
Dative	áj	o
Instrumental-comitative	en	éne
Causal-final	âd	áde
Translative	wá	wé
'Terminative	éti	éte
Essive-formal/modal	oj	ówe
Inessive	io / jo	eo
Adessive	om	óme
Superessive	or	óre
Elative	í	ei
Ablative	im	íme
Delative	ir	íre
Illative	á	ea
Allative	am	áme
Sublative	ar	áre

They are used when distance of the object isn't important or it doesn't refer to a phisical object (eg. emotions, colours, numbers or whole clauses).

• Śurvoteó hi jorqum, ginćo h-offergetez um. ('I wrote down the number, so that I won't forget it.')

Interrogative, relative, indefinite and general pronouns - Qwinkonend, roênend, ogadireńńa t-óroil elongömisse

	What?	Who?	Which?	What kind?	How large?	How many?	What sort?	How many? (cardinal number)	How many? (ordinal number)	How many? (fraction)
Interrogative		for	qwin	fil	nil	fál	gen	vil	vix	vić
Relative	-l	forl / foll	qwil	fill	nill	fáll	genil	vill	vixil	vićil
	la-	lafor	laqwin	lafil	lanil	lafál	lagen	lavil	lavix	lavić
Indefinite	vo-	vofor	voqwin	vofil	vonil	vofál	vogen	vovil	vovix	vović
	će-	ćefor	-	ćefil	-	-	ćegen	ćevil	ćevix	ćević
General	-eńńa	f(o)reńńa	qwi(le)ńńa	fi(le)ńńa	ni(le)ńńa	fáleńńa	geneńńa	vi(le)ńńa	vixeńńa	vićeńńa
	-tál	fortál	qwintál	filtál	niltál	fáltál	gentál	viltál	vixtál	vićtál
	-ven	forven	qwíwen	-	-	-	géven	-	-	-

Meaning of the prefixes/suffixes:

• će- = 'some of ...'
  -¿Fíven maun hítum putt? -Gan, or ćefil. ('-Is every men wearing a hat? -No, only some of them.')
• -eńńa = 'no-'
  eg. foreńńa = 'nothing', qwińńa = 'nobody', vileńńa = 'none'
• -tál = 'any-'
  eg. fortál = 'anything', qwintál = 'anyone', viltál = 'no matter how much/many'
• -ven = 'every-'
  eg. forven = 'everything', qwíven = 'everybody'.

Translations - Bettélege

Romulus and Remus - Romulâs e Remas

Rea Silviáj, Numitors pellináj gémennalde főró, Romulâs e Remas. Ak i howadeńńa Amuliâs i zígu gen éló bawiren. Rea Silvium tákesserconiró het a besláj impézó, ćo gebostiroz ö-vitta hi gémennu. I besla h-inio gan optodauf (optodífó), i pellú hi robendorellor oqqwitó d‑üsmegio. A śinna vilkas genógó veum, qwin avoltiró t-êllavonó hi dau zígum. A Faustulâs missát’ ájfilqwazión i huttolda véló, len bênoldáj, Akka Lárenciáj dontó veum. I pelle sêvindó hagáj, śe Faustulâs et Akka balio niffirestó Romulázum e Remazum.

Ift’ i gémenne kewilesténe maurat gebowirestó h-Amuliázum. Ênn śurgőtestó, ogadirestó, ćo lor órinor, lós pell’éjkestis iskéniś pêllu télestó, vonil dúnum krűnestá. Il ommissonekk ócen inio medülig appíćán rá dawest ö‑pitte. Léjk histeńńa posomoldio Romulâs diddűśimbó bidoldum, e hi śurtildiltend ö‑dúnum fodis fodir ommissonó Rómáj, famis Kr.á. 753‑ími 716‑éti lauger ró.

The Magical Deer (Ancient Hungarian legend) - I vinturbaraus fába

Isteró ha tikkor, ćo fillogonn gefinestó, het i zélio ha jauvos śinnabarau riltó h-ápest. La texadó h‑ápesti, ve pêdze hi meotizál pengale pitta si folkestó. Hatt ö‑lapti h‑elónat farswin (forswinó), e doz mőrti aradestó, h-édańńa son genógaldestó (= genógestó hagum). Táńővestó l‑óle völlé pengalu he ves ájfilisse holozavoltiránar ekarináj nógestó. Foropti ves etâram ájrowix gekátest (gekétestó) hí hi restánum, forven zültesten i meotizál pengale pitta rowestó, ćo h‑ájfilestu holozavoltirix hatt bíledz.

I Meotizis tirlün Perśias lenn gűre nógand; an wádus exeloren vilqveni múr éliohaff, gan ájd ö‑robendu, ak batále holozáta fêllüreo, h‑ećerreo, fozeo, h‑áfeo he fillogeo; i tá- het átőván ante tefig. I meotizál pengale pitta rowestó fixi, e fim pellti gan ollíkiltestó hatti. Ênnil i six pellio h-átfimmestó, i zélio damöwájnat i Bereka-zígisse bênáre he pelláre nágest (nógestó), laqwine hi maune h-aur tagâlonstó, et évas i bórdis córnibálum sovitest (savitestó) e cerdára bêllonstó. Ájfilesten maurat avellat ovvélestó veum i Meotizis pengaleo. I bós ö-flet opti hett ró hil anx ö-śommeg.

Isteró pêdze, ćo h‑illio h‑eltoppio le pelle pitte l-alán wariónis, Dulánis dau pellinum êś ohhaffestó, anigum Hunor, i h‑elongum Magor lájmó bênoj. Illei minnei dévizó lapti hi ven hún e hunnâs. Isteró pêdze, ćo lapti mőrti baulest (bílestó) i meotizál pengale pitte, úzestó bêre bós foxuá gőten, et y tirlün óle gin tákümben, gin avoltiren gan ö-ró bonnu veum.

The Lord's Prayer - Kes Etâr

Kes Etâr, qwin il eskáleo ri,

genomentuz i missild,

offimmoz i tis agenir,

geroz i tis élekk,

léda l-eskálio, śo l-edzúroro si.

Forventikál vekánandum dontiz káj píl,

et offűliz i bêtgánandu,

léda ke s’ offűlam i h-inóvand bêtdífendo.

E gin véliz kum kojsitána,

ak gemojgiriz i vultími.

(Dé tis i h-agenir, i forrel e l-iskür forvenâk.)

Roz ö-gen.

The Apostles Creed - Evele'n

Evele 'n Allâzio, forvengámend Etário, eskális et edzúris dífiónio.

E Jézuś Kristuzio, i hos anfőré zígio, i kes Mínio,

qwin gefíntu ró l-Omena Gúsergan, fór Omena Mári,

árentu ró Poncius Pilátus entre, genígestó, gebaw et offorkestó.

Difortó l-entredzúra, trox ö-tikkar śurátogó hi boweste pitti,

śurrőnó l-eskála, hon saut i forvengámend Etârallâzis rofiom,

honi offimm ö-ćevéren ungendu he bowestu.

Evele h-Omena Gúsergio, hi katolige Mittomen'huttio,

il omenisse rogennio, hi bêtgánisse h-offűlánio,

hi ćerras śurátogánio et i forvenâkál ungio.

Roz ö-gen.

207-word Swadesh list - 207 corgáta Swadeś-diqwil

No.	English	Avorenta / HGE
1	I	me
2	you (singular)	ti
3	he	ho / hog
4	we	ke / ken / kun
5	you (plural)	du
6	they	ve
7	this	ill
	that	la
9	here	hett
10	there	hatt
11	who	qwin
12	what	for
13	where	ós
14	when	ênn
15	how	éda
16	not	gan / go
17	all	forven
18	many	mőr
19	some	ćefil
20	few	ćel
21	other	elong
22	one	an
23	two	dau
24	three	tor
25	four	cet
26	five	fim
27	big	bós
28	long	soj
29	wide	lêtte
30	thick	sigid(e)
31	heavy	tefig
32	small	icin
33	short	śürre
34	narrow	üngas
35	thin	śevig
36	woman	minna
37	man (adult male)	maun
38	man (human being)	mínu
39	child	pellu
40	wife	bên
41	husband	êvos
42	mother	mitt
43	father	etâr
44	animal	ájfil
45	fish	foz
46	bird	áfe
47	dog	tága
48	louse	loweńń
49	snake	kexáda
50	worm	ńorméń
51	tree	úl / k(e)ren
52	forest	ećerra
53	stick	kicc
54	fruit	zölke
55	seed	orpeg
56	leaf	k(e)renśött
57	root	júze
58	bark (of a tree)	echtíć
59	flower	bêlüś
60	grass	holos
61	rope	rojs
62	skin	rétte
63	meat	zőle
64	blood	plűda
65	bone	páde
66	fat (noun)	fíbu
67	egg	íppa
68	horn	búx
69	tail	ébill
70	feather	áfedermíl
71	hair	hwil
72	head	hên
73	ear	cork
74	eye	fülárd
75	nose	ńis
76	mouth	ór
77	tooth	effár
78	tongue (organ)	bönge
79	fingernail	üngel
80	foot	kík
81	leg	kíkiśtík
82	knee	örde
83	hand	kin
84	wing	orteg
85	belly	fára
86	guts	śamorr (plural: śamorre)
87	neck	nok
88	back	dom
89	breast	petti
90	heart	śűm
91	liver	jétu
92	to drink	tavên
93	to eat	avolt
94	to bite	börőt
95	to suck	zúb
96	to spit	ćul
97	to vomit	boáń
98	to blow	ádan
99	to breathe	áron
100	to laugh	líć
101	to see	fűl
102	to hear	jors
103	to know	qwer
104	to think	elorron
105	to smell	śőlon
106	to fear	dab
107	to sleep	left
108	to live	ung
109	to die	(ge)bow
110	to kill	gebowir
111	to fight	ümladd
112	to hunt	fillogon
113	to hit	bomm
114	to cut	püng
115	to split	sépüng
116	to stab	dűśimb
117	to scratch	gworc
118	to dig	fork
119	to swim	sím
120	to fly	ort
121	to walk	őv
122	to come	fimm
123	to lie (as in a bed)	pot
124	to sit	savit (action), dissavit (state)
125	to stand	est
126	to turn (intransitive)	tőr
127	to fall	láf
128	to give	dont
129	to hold	haff
130	to squeeze	fors
131	to rub	swort
132	to wash	loć
133	to wipe	avipen
134	to pull	níg
135	to push	játar
136	to throw	vort
137	to tie	geroên
138	to sew	śút, geśút
139	to count	jorqon
140	to say	cór
141	to sing	qwont
142	to play	esping
143	to float	ulláj
144	to flow	rib
145	to freeze	(ge)pexon
146	to swell	vetfis
147	sun	sún
148	moon	ménulas
149	star	estor
150	water	vit
151	rain	swip
152	river	robend
153	lake	lag
154	sea	séle
155	salt	hejja
156	stone	estún
157	sand	foss
158	dust	stőd
159	earth	edzúr
160	cloud	peldu
161	fog	ńiwél
162	sky	eskál
163	wind	hóg
164	snow	behin
165	ice	éze
166	smoke	üsmig
167	fire	varras
168	ash	varrastőd
169	to burn	nörp
170	road	vín
171	mountain	kuntán
172	red	rűd
173	green	gwert
174	yellow	itta
175	white	ragne
176	black	kara
177	night	tekin
178	day	tik
179	year	pêll
180	warm	ferme
181	cold	briz
182	full	doll
183	new	miog
184	old	lűte, böste
185	good	felt
186	bad	bêt
187	rotten	puććidé
188	dirty	törcáta
189	straight	qwart
190	round	élijáta
191	sharp (as a knife)	eggáráta
192	dull (as a knife)	eggáreńńa
193	smooth	ámis
194	wet	pecáta
195	dry	mol
196	correct	evil
197	near	nér
198	far	renos
199	right	rofe
200	left	fet
201	at	-a
202	in	-io
203	with	-(e)n
204	and	e, et, he, het, t-
205	if	or
206	because	dé
207	name	mis

Note:

• Nouns are in singular nominative
• Verbs are in SG3 present tense, declarative mood.

Contact

If you are interested in my language, or if you have some questions or if you've found something to correct, please write me an e-mail to the following address: [email protected]

Amb iminild i mes errak, fi qwinku h-ájdi fi nógió vofor feltünávum, ćimbre, votiz máj a kassöśuttum i folkend uskézar: [email protected]