Kintu: Difference between revisions
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== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
Revision as of 07:34, 19 March 2025
Kintu is a Universal Language, a region auxiliary language for the Bantusphere, in southern Africa.
| Kintu [ki.ntu] | |
| Timeline/Universe | Universal Languages |
| Period | Future Utopia |
| Spoken in | Bantusphere |
| Total speakers | 450 million |
| Writing system | Ditema tsa Dinoko |
| Classification | Proto-Bantu |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SVO |
| Morphology | Agglutinative |
| Alignment | N-A |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Aquatiki |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post. | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plain Obstruent |
voiced | b | d | dʒ | g | |
| unvoiced | p | t | tʃ | k | (ʔ) | |
| Prenasalized | voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮdʒ | ᵑɡ | |
| Fricative | voiced | v | z (ð) | |||
| unvoiced | f | s | (ts) | ʃ | h | |
| Approximant | r l | j | w | |||
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| High-Mid | e | o |
| Low-Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Low | a | |
low tone (unmarked) and high (´)
Morphology
Noun Classes
| # | Name | Sound | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singular Human | m(u)- | muntu "person" | |
| 2 | Plural Human | ba- | bantu "people" | |
| 3 | Singular Plant | mu- | muse "tree" | |
| 4 | Plural Plant | mi- | mise "trees" | |
| 7 | Singular Object | ki- | kitu "thing" | Assimilated old class 5 too |
| 8 | Plural Object | bi- | bitu "things" | Assimiliated old class 6 too |
| 9 | Animal Singular | n(i)- | nyama "animal" | |
| 10 | Animal Plural | ni- | niyama "animals" | |
| 14 | Abstract/Collective | bu- | bulo mi "life" | Assimilated old class 11 |
| 15 | Infinitives | ku- | kulonda "to follow" | |
| 17 | Locatives | ku- | kunzila "on the road" | Assimilated old 16 and 18 |
Old Proto-Bantu classes 12 and 13 (diminutives and ...) differ too much across the region to keep. Classes over 17 are disputed.
Verbs
| Tense | Marker | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present | Ø | londa = follows/is following |
| Past (Recent) | na- | nalonda = just followed |
| Past (Remote) | ka- | kalonda = followed (long ago) |
| Future (Near) | ta- | talonda = will soon follow |
| Future (Remote) | ko- | kolonda = will follow (distant future) |
Aspect
- Perfective (completed) || me-
- Progressive (Ongoing Action): ki- → kilonda = is following
- Habitual/Repeated Action: sa- → salonda = follows habitually
- Negative Marker: te (suffix) → londa-te = does not follow
- Subjunctive/Imperative: tu- → tulonda = let (someone) follow
| Universal Languages | ||
|---|---|---|
| AFRICA | SEDES (Horn of Africa), Middle Semitic (Semitic languages), Kintu (Bantu languages), Guosa (West Africa) | 
|
| CENTRAL ASIA | Jalpi (Turkic languages), Zens (Iranian languages), Dravindian (Dravidian languages), Neo-Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan languages) | |
| EUROPE | Interlingua (Romance languages), Folksprak (Germanic languages), Interslavic Slavic languages, Balkan (Balkans) | |
| FAR EAST | Dan'a'yo (CJKV), MSEAL (Mainland Southeast Asia), Indo-Malay (Maritime Southeast Asia) | |
