Balkan
Balkan is a Universal Language, a regional auxiliary language, meant to codify the Balkan sprachbund. Despite being very distant languages from each other, together they have formed a shared heritage over the centuries.
| Бαλκαν ['bal.kan] | |
| Timeline/Universe | Universal Languages |
| Period | Future Utopia |
| Spoken in | Balkan penisula |
| Total speakers | 60 million |
| Writing system | Greek alphabet |
| Classification | Balkan sprachbund |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SVO |
| Morphology | Fusional |
| Alignment | N-A |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Aquatiki |
Anthropology
- Vowel Reduction in Unstressed Syllables
- Loss of Slavic Pitch Accent
- rely on prepositions and word order for grammatical relations, less case
- Postposed Definite Article
- Periphrastic Future Tense Using a Modal Verb
- Replacement of Infinitives with Subordinate Clauses
- Analytic Comparative Construction
- Dative Clitic Doubling
- Strong Influence of Ottoman Turkish on Vocabulary
Phonology
By allowing individual differences, a coherent set of sounds as possible across the region. The writing system is Greek, plus the Cyrillic letter Б. The result is a cross between Ancient and Modern Greek, though iota as (only) an approximant is new.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ Μ/μ | /n/ Ν/ν | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | /p/ Π/π | /t/ Τ/τ | /k/ Κ/κ | |
| voiced | /b/ Б/б | /d/ Δ/δ | /ɡ/ Γ/γ | ||
| Affricative | voiceless | /t͡s~t͡ʃ~t͡ɕ/ τσ | |||
| voiced | /d͡z~d͡ʒ~d͡ʑ/ δζ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ Φ/φ | /s~ʃ/ Σ/σ/ς | /x~h/ Χ/χ | |
| voiced | /v~ʋ/ Β/β | /z~ʒ/ Ζ/ζ | |||
| Approximant | /r~ɹ/ Ρ/ρ | /j/ Ι/ι | |||
| Lateral | /l~ɫ/ Λ/λ | ||||
Θ/θ is only used in the transcription of foreign words. There are also Ξ/ξ which is /ks/ and Ψ/ψ which is /ps/.
Vowels
Across the region, a six vowel system is the result of a typical five-vowel system plus vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. The Greek writing system is sufficient to these needs, if omega is repurposed as schwa.
| Front | Mid | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ Η/η | /u/ Υ/υ | |
| Mid | /e/ Ε/ε | /ǝ/ Ω/ω | /o~ɔ/ Ο/ο |
| Low | /a/ A/α | ||
Prosody
Stress is predictable and right-defined.
Morphology
Balkan nouns and adjectives inflect for 3 genders, 3 cases, and 2 numbers. Gender and case generally flatten in the plural. The cases are Nominative, Accusative, and Oblique. The oblique is governed by a preposition. There is a vocative preposition. The definite article is a postposition. The indefinite article is a preposition, but just a form of the number one.
| Case | 1st Singular | 1st Plural | 2nd Singular | 2nd Plural | 3rd Singular (M/F/N) | 3rd Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | υζ | νη | τη | βη | σο / σα / το | λα |
| Accusative | μει → με | νας → να | τει → τε | βας → βα | σου / σα / το → σ’ / τ’ | λα |
| Oblique | μην → μη | νεμ → νε | την → τη | βαμ → βα | σεν / σαν / τον → σε / σα / το | λα |
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10
en, du, tri, star, pan, so, eft, okto, inja, des
| Universal Languages | ||
|---|---|---|
| AFRICA | SEDES (Horn of Africa), Middle Semitic (Semitic languages), Kintu (Bantu languages), Guosa (West Africa) | 
|
| CENTRAL ASIA | Jalpi (Turkic languages), Zens (Iranian languages), Dravindian (Dravidian languages), Neo-Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan languages) | |
| EUROPE | Interlingua (Romance languages), Folksprak (Germanic languages), Interslavic Slavic languages, Balkan (Balkans) | |
| FAR EAST | Dan'a'yo (CJKV), MSEAL (Mainland Southeast Asia), Indo-Malay (Maritime Southeast Asia) | |
