Zamanic: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:53, 23 November 2014

Zamanic is a fictional branch of the Indo-European family that is an ongoing joint project of Jörg Rhiemeier and Juho Pystynen. It is part of the League of Lost Languages.

Proto-Zamanic developed out of the easternmost part of the Corded Ware horizon and is most closely related to Balto-Slavic, though it also shows some affinity to its former southern neighbour, Iranian. An early stage of Zamanic may be the source of some Indo-European loanwords in Uralic such as *aja- 'to drive' and *porćas 'pig'. The language was later in turn influenced by Uralic and Turkic languages.

The name "Zamanic" is derived from the reconstructed self-designation *zaman < PIE *dhǵhom-on- 'human being'.

Phonology

Zamanic is a satem group (i.e. PIE palatovelars developed into palatals and later into sibilants, and the labiovelars merge with the plain velars) with the RUKI rule (i.e., *s was backed to *š after *r, high vowels and velars).

Sound changes

List of suggestions, not (yet) in chronological order.

Merger of voiced aspirates and plain voiced stops

Dʰ > D

"Thorn" clusters

TK > K (dental is lost)

Satemization

ḱ > ć, later > s
ǵ > dź, later > z

kʷ > k
gʷ > g

RUKI rule

s > š /(i,u,r,k)_

Laryngeals

Syllabic laryngeals become *i before a high vowel in the next syllable, otherwise *a
VH > V: (as usual)
Other laryngeals are lost (as usual)

Syllabic resonants

R. > iR

Palatalization

k > č /_V[+front]
g > dž /_V[+front]
kj > č
gj > dž
tj > č
dj > dž

Accent

Retracted to first syllable.

Assorted vowel changes

Short vowels:

i > ь (ultrashort lax front vowel)
u > ъ (ultrashort lax back vowel)
e > ä
o > a

Long vowels are shortened.

Vowel harmony

V > [+front] /first vowel is [+front]
V > [-front] /first vowel is [-front]

This remains a synchronically productive process in some languages. The vowel classes are:

Front: i e ä ö ü ь
Back: ï ë a o u ъ

Second accent shift

Accent shifts rightward to next full vowel is the first syllable contains a yer.

Cluster reduction

pr > f
br > v
tr > č
dr > dž
sr > š
zr > ž
kr > č
gr > dž

sp > f
sf > f
st > s
zd > z
sĉ > ŝ
sk > x

C > 0 /C_#

Morphology

The Zamanic languages are morphologically fusional, like the Balto-Slavic languages, with some agglutinating traits that evolved under the influence of their Uralic and Turkic neighbours.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Volga Indo-European''' (abbreviated '''VIE''') is the working title of a [[Fictional language|fictional]] branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family that is an ongoing joint project of [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]] and [[User:Tropylium|Juho Pystynen]].  Volga Indo-European is part of the [[League of Lost Languages]].
+'''Zamanic''' is a [[Fictional language|fictional]] branch of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family that is an ongoing joint project of [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]] and [[User:Tropylium|Juho Pystynen]].  It is part of the [[League of Lost Languages]].
-Volga Indo-European developed out of the easternmost part of the [[Wikipedia:Corded Ware culture|Corded Ware]] horizon and is most closely related to Balto-Slavic, though it also shows some affinity to its former southern neighbour, Iranian.  An early stage of VIE may be the source of some Indo-European loanwords in [[Uralic]] such as '''*aja-''' 'to drive' and '''*porćas''' 'pig'.  The language was later in turn influenced by Uralic and Turkic languages.
+Proto-Zamanic developed out of the easternmost part of the [[Wikipedia:Corded Ware culture|Corded Ware]] horizon and is most closely related to Balto-Slavic, though it also shows some affinity to its former southern neighbour, Iranian.  An early stage of Zamanic may be the source of some Indo-European loanwords in [[Uralic]] such as '''*aja-''' 'to drive' and '''*porćas''' 'pig'.  The language was later in turn influenced by Uralic and Turkic languages.
+The name "Zamanic" is derived from the reconstructed self-designation '''*zaman''' < PIE ''*dhǵhom-on- 'human being'.
 ==Phonology==
-VIE is a ''satem'' group (i.e. PIE palatovelars developed into palatals and later into sibilants, and the labiovelars merge with the plain velars) with the RUKI rule (i.e., '''*s''' was backed to '''*š''' after '''*r''', high vowels and velars).
+Zamanic is a ''satem'' group (i.e. PIE palatovelars developed into palatals and later into sibilants, and the labiovelars merge with the plain velars) with the RUKI rule (i.e., '''*s''' was backed to '''*š''' after '''*r''', high vowels and velars).
 ===Sound changes===
@@ Line 14: / Line 16: @@
 * Dʰ > D
+===="Thorn" clusters====
+* TK > K (dental is lost)
 ====Satemization====
@@ Line 29: / Line 35: @@
 ====Laryngeals====
-* Syllabic laryngeals become *ë, maybe several different outcomes depending on the next vowel?
+* Syllabic laryngeals become *i before a high vowel in the next syllable, otherwise *a
 * VH > V: (as usual)
 * Other laryngeals are lost (as usual)
@@ Line 41: / Line 47: @@
 * k > č /_V[+front]
 * g > dž /_V[+front]
+* kj > č
+* gj > dž
+* tj > č
+* dj > dž
 ====Accent====
@@ Line 66: / Line 76: @@
 * '''Front''': i e ä ö ü ь
 * '''Back''': ï ë a o u ъ
+====Second accent shift====
+* Accent shifts rightward to next full vowel is the first syllable contains a yer.
+====Cluster reduction====
+* pr > f
+* br > v
+* tr > č
+* dr > dž
+* sr > š
+* zr > ž
+* kr > č
+* gr > dž
+* sp > f
+* sf > f
+* st > s
+* zd > z
+* sĉ > ŝ
+* sk > x
+* C > 0 /C_#
 ==Morphology==
-The VIE languages are morphologically fusional, like the Balto-Slavic languages, with some agglutinating traits that evolved under the influence of their Uralic and Turkic neighbours.
+The Zamanic languages are morphologically fusional, like the Balto-Slavic languages, with some agglutinating traits that evolved under the influence of their Uralic and Turkic neighbours.
 [[Category:Conlangs]]
 [[Category:LLL]]