Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet

This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.
Note that in this article combining diacritics are attached to a ◌. Diacritics without a ◌, like ¨ for example, are non-combining. Non-combining diacritics are sometimes called modifier letters in Unicode. The non-combining forms may for example be used when writing about a conlang's orthography, when one wants to refer to a diacritic without using any base letter with it.
When a letter is referred to without concerning about case, it is displayed like so: Ťť. This is for clarity's sake because some diacritics may look different depending on the letter's case.

Diacritics

Diacritic name	Other names	Character	Notes
Acute accent		ˊ
Bar	Stroke, horizontal bar, middle tilde	◌̵	Eth (Ðð) and capital African D (Ɖ) are listed here. See also stroke.
Breve		˘
Caron	Háček, haček	ˇ
Cedilla		¸	Some of the letters included here have in practice comma below, but Şş and Ţţ are listed under comma below.
Circumflex		ˆ
Comma below		◌̦	This article includes Şş and Ţţ, but not other letters containing a comma looking diacritic. Instead, see cedilla.
Diaeresis/umlaut	Tréma, trema	¨
Dot above		˙
Dot below	Underdot	◌̣
Double acute accent	Hungarumlaut	˝
Double grave accent		​ ◌̏
Grave accent		ˋ
Hook above	Dấu hỏi	◌̉
Horn	Dấu móc	◌̛
Inverted breve	Arch	◌̑
Macron		ˉ
Middle dot	Interpunct, interpoint, centered dot, centred dot, space dot	·
Ogonek		˛
Retroflex hook	Hook, tail	◌̢
Ring above		˚
Ring below		˳
Stroke	Diagonal stroke, solidus, strikethrough	◌̷	Bar may also be called stroke. Eth (Ðð) is not listed here, but under bar.
Tilde		˜
Vertical line below		ˌ

Templates

Precomposed Letters with ***

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

U+

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Latin Capital Letter

Latin Small Letter

Uses of ***

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes

Acute Accent

Precomposed Letters with Acute Accent

´

ˊ

◌́

◌́

Á

á

Ǻ

ǻ

Ấ

ấ

Ắ

ắ

Ǽ

U+00B4

U+02CA

U+0301

U+0341

U+00C1

U+00E1

U+01FA

U+01FB

U+1EA4

U+1EA5

U+1EAE

U+1EAF

U+01FC

Acute Accent

Modifier Letter Acute Accent

Combining Acute Accent

Combining Acute Tone Mark

Latin Capital Letter A With Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Acute

Latin Capital Letter Ae With Acute

Note: May be confused with Apostrophe, ' (U+0027); Modifier Letter Prime, ʹ (U+02B9); Modifier Letter Turned Comma, ʻ (U+02BB); Modifier Letter Apostrophe, ʼ (U+02BC); Modifier Letter Vertical Line, ˈ (U+02C8); Right Single Quotation Mark, ’ (U+2019); or Prime, ′ (U+2032).

Note: May be confused with Combining Turned Comma Above, ◌̒ (U+0312).

ǽ

Ć

ć

Ḉ

ḉ

É

é

Ḗ

ḗ

Ế

ế

Ǵ

ǵ

U+01FD

U+0106

U+0107

U+1E08

U+1E09

U+00C9

U+00E9

U+1E16

U+1E17

U+1EBE

U+1EBF

U+01F4

U+01F5

Latin Small Letter Ae With Acute

Latin Capital Letter C With Acute

Latin Small Letter C With Acute

Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute

Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Macron And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Macron And Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter G With Acute

Latin Small Letter G With Acute

Í

í

Ḯ

ḯ

Ḱ

ḱ

Ĺ

ĺ

Ḿ

ḿ

Ń

ń

Ó

U+00CD

U+00ED

U+1E2E

U+1E2F

U+1E30

U+1E31

U+0139

U+013A

U+1E3E

U+1E3F

U+0143

U+0144

U+00D3

Latin Capital Letter I With Acute

Latin Small Letter I With Acute

Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute

Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute

Latin Capital Letter K With Acute

Latin Small Letter K With Acute

Latin Capital Letter L With Acute

Latin Small Letter L With Acute

Latin Capital Letter M With Acute

Latin Small Letter M With Acute

Latin Capital Letter N With Acute

Latin Small Letter N With Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Acute

ó

Ṓ

ṓ

Ố

ố

Ṍ

ṍ

Ớ

ớ

Ǿ

ǿ

Ṕ

ṕ

U+00F3

U+1E52

U+1E53

U+1ED0

U+1ED1

U+1E4C

U+1E4D

U+1EDA

U+1EDB

U+01FE

U+01FF

U+1E54

U+1E55

Latin Small Letter O With Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Macron And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Macron And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Stroke And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Stroke And Acute

Latin Capital Letter P With Acute

Latin Small Letter P With Acute

Ŕ

ŕ

Ś

ś

Ṥ

ṥ

Ú

ú

Ǘ

ǘ

Ṹ

ṹ

Ứ

U+0154

U+0155

U+015A

U+015B

U+1E64

U+1E65

U+00DA

U+00FA

U+01D7

U+01D8

U+1E78

U+1E79

U+1EE8

Latin Capital Letter R With Acute

Latin Small Letter R With Acute

Latin Capital Letter S With Acute

Latin Small Letter S With Acute

Latin Capital Letter S With Acute And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Acute And Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter U With Acute

Latin Small Letter U With Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute

Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Acute

ứ

Ẃ

ẃ

Ý

ý

Ź

ź

U+1EE9

U+1E82

U+1E83

U+00DD

U+00FD

U+0179

U+017A

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Acute

Latin Capital Letter W With Acute

Latin Small Letter W With Acute

Latin Capital Letter Y With Acute

Latin Small Letter Y With Acute

Latin Capital Letter Z With Acute

Latin Small Letter Z With Acute

The acute accent comes from a Latin diacritic called apex.[1]

Uses of Acute Accent

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Long vowel	Croatian, Serbian	Áá /ǎː/, Éé /ěː/, Íí /ǐː/, Óó /ǒː/, Ŕŕ /ř̩ː/, Úú /ǔː/	The acute accent marks that these vowels are long and have rising pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Croatian or Serbian, but in linguistic materials.[2]
	Czech	Áá /aː/, Éé /ɛː/, Íí /iː/, Óó /oː/, Úú /uː/, Ýý /iː/	Íí and Ýý both represent the same phoneme in Standard Czech, but Íí may mark that the previous consonant is palatal, which Ýý does not.[3]
	Hungarian	Áá /aː/, Éé /eː/, Íí /iː/, Óó /oː/, Úú /uː/	See also Double Acute Accent.
	Slovak	Áá /aː/, Éé /eː/, Íí /iː/, Ĺĺ /l̩ː/, Óó /oː/, Ŕŕ /r̩ː/, Úú /uː/, Ýý /iː/
	Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation)	Áá /ˈaː/, Éé /ˈeː/, Íí /ˈiː/, Óó /ˈoː/, Ŕŕ /ˈəɾ/, Úú /ˈuː/	The acute accent marks that the vowel is stressed and long, and that Éé and Óó are mid-close rather than mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[4]
	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Áá /áː/, Éé /ɛ́ː/, Ẹ́ẹ́ /éː/, Íí /íː/, Óó /ɔ́ː/, Ọ́ọ́ /óː/, Úú /úː/	The acute accent marks that these vowels are long and have high pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[5]
Palatal consonant	Polish	Ćć /tɕ/, Ńń /ɲ/, Śś /ɕ/, Źź /ʑ/	There is a little typographic difference from the usual acute accent.
Raised vowel	Polish	Óó /u/	Historically it comes from long /oː/.
Rising tone	Vietnamese	Áá /aː˧˥/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Éé /ɛ˧˥/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Íí /i˧˥/, Óó /ɔ˧˥/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ớớ /əː˧˥/, Úú /u˧˥/, Ứứ /ɨ˧˥/, Ýý /i˧˥/	There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters.[6]
Stress	Catalan	Éé /ˈe/, Íí /ˈi/, Óó /ˈo/, Úú /ˈu/	The rules for when stress is to be marked in Catalan are quite complex. The acute accent also distinguishes stressed /e o/ from /ɛ ɔ/,[7] see Grave Accent, Catalan section on Uses of Grave Accent.
	Swedish	Éé /ˈeː/	Éé is not really a part of the Swedish alphabet, but it is used in many loanwords and surnames. It denotes a long, stressed /e/ that is found in an unexpected position of a word.

Bar

Precomposed Letters with Bar

◌̶

◌̵

ƻ

Ꜻ

ꜻ

Ƀ

ƀ

ᴃ

Đ

đ

Ð

ð

Ɖ

U+0336

U+0335

U+01BB

U+A73A

U+A73B

U+0243

U+0180

U+1D03

U+0110

U+0111

U+00D0

U+00F0

U+0189

Combining Long Stroke Overlay

Combining Short Stroke Overlay

Latin Letter Two With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Av With Horizontal Bar

Latin Small Letter Av With Horizontal Bar

Latin Capital Letter B With Stroke

Latin Small Letter B With Stroke

Latin Letter Small Capital Barred B

Latin Capital Letter D With Stroke

Latin Small Letter D With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Eth

Latin Small Letter Eth

Latin Capital Letter African D

Note: These combining diacritics rarely render well with their base character.

Note: In Americanist orthographies, the bar goes through the bowl instead of the ascender.[8]

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: The capital versions of these letters may be confused with each other. Latin Small Letter D With Stroke and Latin Small Letter Eth may be confused with each other. The lower case version of Latin Capital Letter African D is Latin Small Letter D With Tail, ɖ (U+0256).

Ǥ

ǥ

Ħ

ħ

Ɨ

ɨ

ᶤ

ᵻ

ᶧ

ᵼ

Ɉ

ɉ

ɟ

U+01E4

U+01E5

U+0126

U+0127

U+0197

U+0268

U+1DA4

U+1D7B

U+1DA7

U+1D7C

U+0248

U+0249

U+025F

Latin Capital Letter G With Stroke

Latin Small Letter G With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter H With Stroke

Latin Small Letter H With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter I With Stroke

Latin Small Letter I With Stroke

Modifier Letter Small I With Stroke

Latin Small Capital Letter I With Stroke

Modifier Letter Small Capital I With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Iota With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter J With Stroke

Latin Small Letter J With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Dotless J With Stroke

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. Its use in IPA is non-standard.[9]

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used by Russianists.[10] Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

ᶡ

Ꝁ

ꝁ

Ƚ

ƚ

Ꝉ

ꝉ

Ⱡ

ⱡ

Ɵ

ɵ

Ꝋ

ꝋ

U+1DA1

U+A740

U+A741

U+023D

U+019A

U+A748

U+A749

U+2C60

U+2C61

U+019F

U+0275

U+A74A

U+A74B

Modifier Letter Small Dotless J With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter K With Stroke

Latin Small Letter K With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter L With Bar

Latin Small Letter L With Bar

Latin Capital Letter L With High Stroke

Latin Small Letter L With High Stroke

Latin Capital Letter L With Double Bar

Latin Small Letter L With Double Bar

Latin Capital Letter O With Middle Tilde

Latin Small Letter Barred O

Latin Capital Letter O With Long Stroke Overlay

Latin Small Letter O With Long Stroke Overlay

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Despite their different names, these two letters are case variants of each other.

Ᵽ

ᵽ

Ꝑ

ꝑ

Ꝗ

ꝗ

Ɍ

ɍ

ẝ

ʄ

Ŧ

ŧ

Ꝥ

U+2C63

U+1D7D

U+A750

U+A751

U+A756

U+A757

U+024C

U+024D

U+1E9D

U+0284

U+0166

U+0167

U+A764

Latin Capital Letter P With Stroke

Latin Small Letter P With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter P With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Small Letter P With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Capital Letter Q With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Small Letter Q With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Capital Letter R With Stroke

Latin Small Letter R With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Long S With High Stroke

Latin Small Letter Dotless J With Stroke And Hook

Latin Capital Letter T With Stroke

Latin Small Letter T With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Thorn With Stroke

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

ꝥ

Ꝧ

ꝧ

Ʉ

ʉ

ᶶ

ᵿ

Ɏ

ɏ

Ƶ

ƶ

U+A765

U+A766

U+A767

U+0244

U+0289

U+1DB6

U+1D7F

U+024E

U+024F

U+01B5

U+01B6

Latin Small Letter Thorn With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Thorn With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Small Letter Thorn With Stroke Through Descender

Latin Capital Letter U Bar

Latin Small Letter U Bar

Modifier Letter Small U Bar

Latin Small Letter Upsilon With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Y With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Y With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter Z With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Z With Stroke

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. Its use in IPA is non-standard.[11]

This diacritic with a horizontal line, and the one with a diagonal line, are both variously called bar and stroke, among other things, in Unicode. For clarity's sake, the former one is treated separately in this article. There are several currency symbols with a bar, but those are excluded here.

Uses of Bar

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Implosive consonant	Vietnamese	Đđ /ɗ/

Breve

Precomposed Letters with Breve

˘

◌̆

Ă

ă

Ắ

ắ

Ằ

ằ

Ẳ

ẳ

Ẵ

ẵ

Ặ

U+02D8

U+0306

U+0102

U+0103

U+1EAE

U+1EAF

U+1EB0

U+1EB1

U+1EB2

U+1EB3

U+1EB4

U+1EB5

U+1EB6

Breve

Combining Breve

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve

Latin Small Letter A With Breve

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Dot Below

ặ

Ĕ

ĕ

Ḝ

ḝ

Ğ

ğ

Ĭ

ĭ

Ŏ

ŏ

Ŭ

ŭ

U+1EB7

U+0114

U+0115

U+1E1C

U+1E1D

U+011E

U+011F

U+012C

U+012D

U+014E

U+014F

U+016C

U+016D

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter E With Breve

Latin Small Letter E With Breve

Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve

Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve

Latin Capital Letter G With Breve

Latin Small Letter G With Breve

Latin Capital Letter I With Breve

Latin Small Letter I With Breve

Latin Capital Letter O With Breve

Latin Small Letter O With Breve

Latin Capital Letter U With Breve

Latin Small Letter U With Breve

Note that the breve is easily confused with the similar looking caron ˇ, especially in small font sizes.

Uses of Breve

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Lax vowel	Moldovan, Romanian	Ăă /ə/
Short vowel	Vietnamese	Ăă /a˧/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/	Unaccented Aa generally stands for /aː/.[12]

Caron

Precomposed Letters with Caron

ˇ

◌̌

Ǎ

ǎ

Č

č

Ď

ď

DŽ

Dž

dž

Ě

ě

U+02C7

U+030C

U+01CD

U+01CD

U+010C

U+010D

U+010E

U+010F

U+01C4

U+01C5

U+01C6

U+011A

U+011B

Caron

Combining Caron

Latin Letter Capital A With Caron

Latin Letter Small A With Caron

Latin Capital Letter C With Caron

Latin Small Letter C With Caron

Latin Capital Letter D With Caron

Latin Small Letter D With Caron

Latin Capital Letter Dz With Caron

Latin Capital Letter D With Small Letter Z With Caron

Latin Small Letter Dz With Caron

Latin Capital Letter E With Caron

Latin Small Letter E With Caron

Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead ˅ (U+02C5).

Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the d.

Ǧ

ǧ

Ȟ

ȟ

Ǐ

ǐ

ǰ

Ǩ

ǩ

Ľ

ľ

Ň

ň

U+01E6

U+01E7

U+021E

U+021F

U+01CF

U+01D0

U+01F0

​ U+01E8

U+01E9

U+013D

U+013E

U+0147

U+0148

Latin Capital Letter G With Caron

Latin Small Letter G With Caron

Latin Capital Letter H With Caron

Latin Small Letter H With Caron

Latin Capital Letter I With Caron

Latin Small Letter I With Caron

Latin Small Letter J With Caron

Latin Capital Letter K With Caron

Latin Small Letter K With Caron

Latin Capital Letter L With Caron

Latin Small Letter L With Caron

Latin Capital Letter N With Caron

Latin Small Letter N With Caron

Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the Ll.

Ǒ

ǒ

Ř

ř

Š

š

Ṧ

ṧ

Ť

ť

Ǔ

ǔ

Ǚ

U+01D1

U+01D2

U+0158

U+0159

U+0160

U+0161

U+1E66

U+1E67

U+0164

U+0165

U+01D3

U+01D4

U+01D9

Latin Capital Letter O With Caron

Latin Small Letter O With Caron

Latin Capital Letter R With Caron

Latin Small Letter R With Caron

Latin Capital Letter S With Caron

Latin Small Letter S With Caron

Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter T With Caron

Latin Small Letter T With Caron

Latin Capital Letter U With Caron

Latin Small Letter U With Caron

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron

Note: The caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the t.

ǚ

Ž

ž

Ǯ

ǯ

U+01DA

U+017D

U+017E

U+01EE

U+01EF

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron

Latin Capital Letter Z With Caron

Latin Small Letter Z With Caron

Latin Capital Letter Ezh With Caron

Latin Small Letter Ezh With Caron

Caron is also known as háček or haček. It originated from dot above in Czech orthography.[13] Note that the caron is easily confused with the similar looking breve ˘, especially in small font sizes.

Uses of Caron

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Change of manner of articulation	Czech	Řř /r̝/	This is a raised non-sonorant trill. Unaccented Rr stands for /r/.[14]
Palatal phoneme	Czech	Ďď /ɟ/, Ěě /(j)ɛ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/	Ěě stands for an /ɛ/ that makes a previous Dd, Nn, Tt be /ɟ, ɲ, c/, a previous Bb, Ff, Pp, Vv be /bj, fj, pj, vj/, and a previous Mm /mɲ/. This letter is not found in other positions.[15]
	Slovak	Ďď /ɟ/, Ľľ /ʎ/, Ňň /ɲ/, Ťť /c/	In Slovak handwriting ď, ľ and ť have an actual caron instead of an apostrophe.[16]
Postalveolar consonant	Czech, Latgalian, Latvian	Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/	Unaccented Cc stands for /ts/ in Czech, Latvian and Latgalian.
	Livonian	Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/
	Slovak	Čč /tʃ/, DŽdž /dʒ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/

Cedilla

Precomposed Letters with Cedilla

¸

◌̧

Ç

ç

Ḉ

ḉ

Ḑ

ḑ

Ȩ

ȩ

Ḝ

ḝ

Ģ

U+00B8

U+0327

U+00C7

U+00E7

U+1E08

U+1E09

U+1E10

U+1E11

U+0228

U+0229

U+1E1C

U+1E1D

U+0122

Cedilla

Combining Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute

Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute

Latin Capital Letter D With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter D With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve

Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve

Latin Capital Letter G With Cedilla

ģ

Ḩ

ḩ

Ķ

ķ

Ļ

ļ

Ņ

ņ

Ŗ

ŗ

Ş

ş

U+0123

U+1E28

U+1E29

U+0136

U+0137

U+013B

U+013C

U+0145

U+0146

U+0156

U+0157

U+015E

U+015F

Latin Small Letter G With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter H With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter K With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter K With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter L With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter L With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter N With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter N With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter R With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter R With Cedilla

Latin Capital Letter S With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla

Note: The diacritic is placed on top of the letter to avoid the descender of the g.

​

Note: May be confused with Latin Capital Letter S With Comma Below, Ș (U+0218).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter S With Comma Below, ș (U+0219).

Ţ

ţ

U+0162

U+0163

Latin Capital Letter T With Cedilla

Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla

Note: May be confused with Latin Capital Letter T With Comma Below, Ț (U+021A).

Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter T With Comma Below, ț (U+021B).

Cedilla originates from a cursive form of Z.[17] Note that the cedilla may be confused with ogonek ˛ or comma below ◌̦. In some fonts, the cedilla together with some letters may look identical to the comma. In Romanian, the letters Șș and Țț are actually supposed to have a comma below and not a cedilla, while in most other languages Şş and Ţţ are supposed to have cedillas.

Uses of Cedilla

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Disambiguation of letter with several uses	Catalan	Çç /s/	Çç is used before Aa, Oo, Uu, or word-finally, and stands for /s/. Cc without cedilla would stand for /k/ in those positions. Intervocalic Çç is pronunced [s], while intervocalic Ss is [z].[18]
Palatal consonant	Latgalian, Latvian	Ģģ /ɟ/, Ķķ /c/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/
	Livonian	Ḑḑ /ɟ/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/, Ţţ /c/
Palatalized consonant	Livonian	Ŗŗ /rʲ/
Postalveolar consonant	Turkish	Çç /tʃ/, Şş /ʃ/	Also note that the cedilla in Çç actually distinguishes voicing from Cc /dʒ/, not position.

Circumflex

Precomposed Letters with Circumflex

^

ˆ

◌̂

Â

â

Ấ

ấ

Ầ

ầ

Ẩ

ẩ

Ẫ

ẫ

U+005E

U+02C6

U+0302

U+00C2

U+00E2

U+1EA4

U+1EA5

U+1EA6

U+1EA7

U+1EA8

U+1EA9

U+1EAA

U+1EAB

Circumflex Accent

Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent

Combining Circumflex Accent

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead, ˄ (U+02C4); Combining Inverted Breve, ◌̑ (U+0311); or Up Arrowhead, ⌃ (U+2303).

Ậ

ậ

Ĉ

ĉ

Ê

ê

Ế

ế

Ề

ề

Ể

ể

Ễ

U+1EAC

U+1EAD

U+0108

U+0109

U+00CA

​ U+00EA

U+1EBE

U+1EBF

U+1EC0

U+1EC1

U+1EC2

U+1EC3

U+1EC4

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter C With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter C With Circumflex

​ Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

ễ

Ệ

ệ

Ĝ

ĝ

Ĥ

ĥ

Î

î

Ĵ

ĵ

Ô

ô

U+1EC5

U+1EC6

U+1EC7

U+011C

U+011D

U+0124

U+0125

U+00CE

U+00EE

U+0134

U+0135

U+00D4

U+00F4

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter G With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter H With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex

Latin Small Ltter I With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter J With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex

Ố

ố

Ồ

ồ

Ổ

ổ

Ỗ

ỗ

Ộ

ộ

Ŝ

ŝ

Û

U+1ED0

U+1ED1

U+1ED2

U+1ED3

U+1ED4

U+1ED5

U+1ED6

U+1ED7

U+1ED8

U+1ED9

U+015C

U+015D

U+00DB

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter S With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter U With Circumflex

û

Ŵ

ŵ

Ŷ

ŷ

Ẑ

ẑ

U+00FB

​ U+0174

U+0175

U+0176

U+0177

U+1E90

U+1E91

Latin Small Letter U With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter W With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Y With Circumflex

Latin Capital Letter Z With Circumflex

Latin Small Letter Z With Circumflex

The circumflex comes from the Greek alphabet where it marked pitch. It was originally a combination of acute and grave accent.[19]

Uses of Circumflex

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Central vowel	Moldovan, Romanian	Ââ /ɨ/, Îî /ɨ/	Ââ and Îî both stand for the same sound, but Ââ is used word-internally, and Îî initially and finally. Exceptions are compound words and proper nouns.[20]
Diphthong	Slovak	Ôô /u̯o/
Long vowel with low pitch	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ââ /àː/, Êê /ɛ̀ː/, Ệệ /èː/, Îî /ìː/, Ôô /ɔ̀ː/, Ộộ /òː/, Ûû /ùː/	Inverted breve may be used instead of circumflex. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[21]
Raised vowel	Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation)	Êê /ˈeː/, Ôô /ˈoː/	The circumflex marks that these vowel are stressed, long, and mid-close instead of mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[22]
	Vietnamese	Ââ /ə˧/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˧˨/, Êê /e˧/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˧˨/, Ôô /o˧/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˧˨/	Generally, unaccented Aa, Ee, Oo stand for /aː, ɛ, ɔ/. There are many exceptions to the phonemic value of all these letters though.[23]

Comma Below

Precomposed Letters with Comma Below

◌̦	Ș	ș	Ț	ț
U+0326	U+0218	U+0219	U+021A	U+021B
Combining Comma Below	Latin Capital Letter S With Comma Below	Latin Small Letter S With Comma Below	Latin Capital Letter T With Comma Below	Latin Small Letter T With Comma Below

Note that this diacritic may be confused with cedilla ¸. The comma below derives from a small cursive z placed under the base character.[24] Some of the precomposed characters that are listed as having a cedilla in Unicode, actually have commas. See Cedilla for those characters.

Uses of Comma Below

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Affrication	Moldovan (obsolete orthography), Romanian (obsolete orthography)	D̦d̦ /z, dz, ds/, Țț /t͡s/	D̦d̦ was abandoned in 1904.[25] Note that there is no precomposed form of it.
	Moldovan (current orthography), Romanian (current orthography)	Țț /t͡s/
Postalveolar consonant	Moldovan, Romanian	Șș /ʃ/

Diaeresis/Umlaut

Precomposed Letters with Diaeresis/Umlaut

¨

◌̈

Ä

ä

Ǟ

ǟ

Ë

ë

Ḧ

ḧ

Ï

ï

Ḯ

U+00A8

U+0308

U+00C4

U+00E4

U+01DE

U+01DF

U+00CB

U+00EB

U+1E26

U+1E27

U+00CF

​ U+00EF

U+1E2E

Diaeresis

Combining Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute

ḯ

Ö

ö

Ȫ

ȫ

Ṏ

ṏ

ẗ

Ü

ü

Ǖ

ǖ

Ǘ

U+1E2F

U+00D6

U+00F6

​ U+022A

U+022B

U+1E4E

U+1E4F

U+1E97

U+00DC

​ U+00FC

U+01D5

U+01D6

U+01D7

Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute

​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis

​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron

​ Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute

ǘ

Ǚ

ǚ

Ǜ

ǜ

Ṻ

ṻ

Ẅ

ẅ

Ẍ

ẍ

Ÿ

ÿ

U+01D8

U+01D9

U+01DA

U+01DB

U+01DC

U+1E7A

U+1E7B

U+1E84

U+1E85

U+1E8C

U+1E8D

U+0178

U+00FF

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis

Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character. But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish Oo represents /u/ while Öö represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other hand does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph. Both are also known under the general name trema.
The diaeresis and umlaut characters have different origins. Diaeresis was borrowed from the Greek alphabet,[26] while umlaut began as a small e placed on top of Aa, Oo or Uu. This e then later evolved into the same shape as diaeresis.[27]

Uses of Diaeresis or Umlaut

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Front version of back vowel (this includes Ää even though its unaccented version is not a back vowel in all of these languages)	Estonian	Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
	Finnish	Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/	Usage borrowed from Swedish.
	Livonian	Ää /æ/, Ǟǟ /æː/
	Hungarian	Öö /ø/, Üü /y/
	Slovak	Ää /æ~ɛ/	/æ/ is archaic or dialectal pronunciation.[28]
	Swedish	Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/, Üü /y/	The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[29] and oe[30]. Üü is not really a part of the Swedish alphabet, but is used in some loanwords and in many surnames.
Hiatus	Catalan	Ïï /i/, Üü /u/	Diaeresis on an Ii or Uu following another vowel marks that the two vowels are in different syllables. Without diaresis, the Ii or Uu would stand for a semivowel.[31]
	French	Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
Non-silent vowel	Catalan	Üü /w/	Diaresis on an Uu that is between Gg or Qq and a front vowel marks that this letter stands for /w/. Otherwise it would be a part of the digraph Gu gu /g/ or Qu qu /k/ that is used before front vowels.[32]
Raised vowel	Hungarian	Ëë /e/	Unaccented Ee stands for /ɛ/. Ëë is not really a part of the Hungarian alphabet however; it is used when writing down spoken or sung language in a dialect that has this phoneme.

Dot Above

Precomposed Letters with Dot Above

˙

◌̇

Ȧ

ȧ

Ǡ

ǡ

Ḃ

ḃ

Ċ

ċ

Ḋ

ḋ

Ė

U+02D9

U+0307

U+0226

U+0227

U+01E0

U+01E1

U+1E02

U+1E03

U+010A

U+010B

U+1E0A

U+1E0B

U+0116

Dot Above

Combining Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter A With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Small Letter A With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Capital Letter B With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter B With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter C With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter C With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter D With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter D With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Dot Above

ė

Ḟ

ḟ

Ġ

ġ

Ḣ

ḣ

İ

i

Ṁ

ṁ

Ṅ

ṅ

U+0117

U+1E1E

U+1E1F

U+0120

U+0121

U+1E22

U+1E23

U+0130

U+0069

​ U+1E40

U+1E41

U+1E44

U+1E45

Latin Small Letter E With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter F With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter F With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter G With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter G With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter H With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter H With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter I With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter I

Latin Capital Letter M With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter M With Dot Above

​ Latin Capital Letter N With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter N With Dot Above

Note: In most languages i is the lower case version of I, but in Turkish İ and i resp. I and ı go together. If Turkish case is used, you need to make sure that various software handles that correctly. For example dictionaries need to sort the letters in the right order.

Ȯ

ȯ

Ȱ

ȱ

Ṗ

ṗ

Ṙ

ṙ

Ṡ

ṡ

ẛ

Ṥ

ṥ

U+022E

U+022F

U+0230

U+0231

U+1E56

U+1E57

U+1E58

U+1E59

U+1E60

U+1E61

U+1E9B

U+1E64

U+1E65

Latin Capital Letter O With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter O With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Capital Letter P With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter P With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter R With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter R With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter S With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter Long S With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter S With Acute And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Acute And Dot Above

Ṧ

ṧ

Ṩ

ṩ

Ṫ

ṫ

Ẇ

ẇ

Ẋ

ẋ

Ẏ

ẏ

Ż

U+1E66

U+1E67

U+1E68

U+1E69

U+1E6A

U+1E6B

U+1E86

U+1E87

U+1E8A

U+1E8B

U+1E8E

U+1E8F

U+017B

Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter S With Dot Below And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Dot Below And Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter T With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter T With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter W With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter W With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter X With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter X With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter Y With Dot Above

Latin Small Letter Y With Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter Z With Dot Above

ż

U+017C

Latin Small Letter Z With Dot Above

Uses of Dot Above

Use	Language	Letters	Notes
Change of place of articulation	ISO 15919 romanization of Gurmukhī	Ṁṁ /ŋ/	Ṁṁ is realized as [m] before certain consonants.[33]
Raised vowel	Livonian	Ȯȯ /ʊ/, Ȱȱ /ʊː/
Postalveolar consonant	Polish	Żż /ʒ/
Other	ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts	Ṁṁ, Ṅṅ	Ṅṅ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before velar consonants. Ṁṁ is used for a simplified romanization of anusvāra in all positions.[34]

Dot Below

Precomposed Letters with Dot Below

◌̣

Ạ

ạ

Ậ

ậ

Ặ

ặ

Ḅ

ḅ

Ḍ

ḍ

Ẹ

ẹ

U+0323

U+1EA0

U+1EA1

U+1EAC

U+1EAD

U+1EB6

U+1EB7

U+1E04

U+1E05

U+1E0C

U+1E0D

U+1EB8

U+1EB9

Combining Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter A With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter B With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter B With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter D With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter D With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter E With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter E With Dot Below

Ệ

ệ

Ḥ

ḥ

Ị

ị

Ḳ

ḳ

Ḷ

ḷ

Ḹ

ḹ

Ṃ

U+1EC6

U+1EC7

U+1E24

U+1E25

U+1ECA

U+1ECB

U+1E32

U+1E33

U+1E36

U+1E37

U+1E38

U+1E39

U+1E42

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter H With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter H With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter I With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter I With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter K With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter K With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter L With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter L With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter L With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Small Letter L With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Capital Letter M With Dot Below

ṃ

Ṇ

ṇ

Ọ

ọ

Ộ

ộ

Ợ

ợ

Ṛ

ṛ

Ṝ

ṝ

U+1E43

U+1E46

U+1E47

U+1ECC

U+1ECD

U+1ED8

U+1ED9

U+1EE2

U+1EE3

U+1E5A

U+1E5B

U+1E5C

U+1E5D

Latin Small Letter M With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter N With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter N With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter O With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter R With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter R With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter R With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Small Letter R With Dot Below And Macron

Ṣ

ṣ

Ṩ

ṩ

Ṭ

ṭ

Ụ

ụ

Ự

ự

Ṿ

ṿ

Ẉ

U+1E62

U+1E63

U+1E68

U+1E69

U+1E6C

U+1E6D

U+1EE4

U+1EE5

U+1EF0

U+1EF1

U+1E7E

U+1E7F

U+1E88

Latin Capital Letter S With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter S With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter S With Dot Below And Dot Above

Latin Small Letter S With Dot Below And Dot Above

Latin Capital Letter T With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter T With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter U With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter U With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter V With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter V With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter W With Dot Below

ẉ

Ỵ

ỵ

Ẓ

ẓ

U+1E89

U+1EF4

U+1EF5

U+1E92

U+1E93

Latin Small Letter W With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter Y With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter Y With Dot Below

Latin Capital Letter Z With Dot Below

Latin Small Letter Z With Dot Below

The dot below is also known as underdot.

Uses of Dot Below

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Creaky voice	Vietnamese	Ạạ /a̰ːʔ˨˩/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˨˩/, Ẹẹ /ɛ̰ʔ˨˩/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˨˩/, Ịị /ḭʔ˨˩/, Ọọ /ɔ̰ʔ˨˩/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˨˩/, Ợợ /ə̰ːʔ˨˩/, Ụụ /ṵʔ˨˩/, Ựự /ɨ̰ʔ˨˩/, Ỵỵ /ḭʔ˨˩/	The dot below stands for low falling tone with creaky voice and a following glottal stop.[35] There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[36]
Lowered vowel	Yoruba (Crowther's alphabet)	Ẹẹ /ɛ̙/, Ọọ /ɔ̙/	In Yoruba these vowels are also accompanied by retracted tongue root. These letters were used in older forms of Yoruba orthography. See Vertical Line Below.
Raised vowel	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ẹẹ /e/, Ẹ́ẹ́ /éː/, Ẹ̀ẹ̀ /é/, Ẹ̏ẹ̏ /è/, Ẹ̑ẹ̑ or Ệệ /èː/, Ọọ /o/, Ọ́ọ́ /óː/, Ọ̀ọ̀ /ó/, Ọ̏ọ̏ /ò/, Ọ̑ọ̑ or Ộộ /òː/	These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[37]
Other	ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts	Ṇṇ	Ṇṇ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before retroflex consonants.[38]

Double Acute Accent

Precomposed Letters with Double Acute Accent

˝	˶	◌̋	Ő	ő	Ű	ű
U+02DD	U+02F6	U+030B	U+0150	U+0151	U+0170	U+0171
Double Acute Accent	Modifier Letter Middle Double Acute Accent ​	Combining Double Acute Accent	Latin Capital Letter O With Double Acute	Latin Small Letter O With Double Acute	Latin Capital Letter U With Double Acute	Latin Small Letter U With Double Acute
Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Double Prime ʺ (U+02BA), Modifier Letter Double Apostrophe ˮ (U+02EE), Left Double Quotation Mark “ (U+201C), Right Double Quotation Mark ” (U+201D), or Double Prime ″ (U+2033).

The double acute accent (also known as Hungarumlaut) originates from Hungarian orthography. Őő and Űű were introduced to the Hungarian alphabet in the 19^th century to replace earlier Ö́ö́ and Ǘǘ.[39]

Uses of Double Acute Accent

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Long front version of back vowel	Hungarian	Őő /øː/, Űű /yː/

Double Grave Accent

Precomposed Letters with Double Grave Accent

˵

◌̏

Ȁ

ȁ

Ȅ

ȅ

Ȉ

ȉ

Ȍ

ȍ

Ȑ

ȑ

Ȕ

U+02F5

U+030F

U+0200

U+0201

U+0204

U+0205

U+0208

U+0209

U+020C

U+020D

U+0210

U+0211

U+0214

Modifier Letter Middle Double Grave Accent

Combining Double Grave Accent

Latin Capital Letter A With Double Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Double Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Double Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Double Grave

Latin Capital Letter I With Double Grave

Latin Small Letter I With Double Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Double Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Double Grave

Latin Capital Letter R With Double Grave

Latin Small Letter R With Double Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Double Grave

ȕ

U+0215

Latin Small Letter U With Double Grave

The double grave accent is not part of the orthography of any language, but it is used in language learning materials of and linguistic publications about Serbian, Croatian and Slovene.[40]

Uses of Double Grave Accent

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Short vowel with pitch accent or tone	Croatian, Serbian	Ȁȁ /â/, Ȅȅ /ê/, Ȉȉ /î/, Ȍȍ /ô/, Ȑȑ /r̩̂/, Ȕȕ /û/	The double grave accent marks here a short vowel with falling pitch.[41]
	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ȁȁ /à/, Ȅȅ /ɛ̀/, Ẹ̏ẹ̏ /è/, Ȉȉ /ì/, Ȍȍ /ɔ̀/, Ọ̏ọ̏ /ò/, Ȑȑ /ə̀ɾ/, Ȕȕ /ù/	The double grave accent marks that the vowels are short and have low tone. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[42]

Grave Accent

Precomposed Letters with Grave Accent

`

ˋ

˴

◌̀

◌̀

À

à

Ầ

ầ

Ằ

ằ

È

è

U+0060

U+02CB

U+02F4

U+0300

U+0340

U+00C0

U+00E0

U+1EA6

U+1EA7

U+1EB0

U+1EB1

U+00C8

U+00E8

Grave Accent

Modifier Letter Grave Accent

Modifier Letter Middle Grave Accent

Combining Grave Accent

Combining Grave Tone Mark

Latin Capital Letter A With Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Grave

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Grave

Ḕ

ḕ

Ề

ề

Ì

ì

Ǹ

ǹ

Ò

ò

Ṑ

ṑ

Ồ

U+1E14

U+1E15

U+1EC0

U+1EC1

U+00CC

U+00EC

U+01F8

U+01F9

U+00D2

U+00F2

U+1E50

U+1E51

U+1ED2

Latin Capital Letter E With Macron And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Macron And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter I With Grave

Latin Small Letter I With Grave

Latin Capital Letter N With Grave

Latin Small Letter N With Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Macron And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Macron And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

ồ

Ờ

ờ

Ù

ù

Ǜ

ǜ

Ừ

ừ

Ẁ

ẁ

Ỳ

ỳ

U+1ED3

U+1EDC

U+1EDD

U+00D9

U+00F9

U+01DB

U+01DC

U+1EEA

U+1EEB

U+1E80

U+1E81

U+1EF2

U+1EF3

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Grave

Latin Small Letter U With Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Grave

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Grave

Latin Capital Letter W With Grave

Latin Small Letter W With Grave

Latin Capital Letter Y With Grave

Latin Small Letter Y With Grave

Uses of Grave Accent

Use	Language	Letters	Notes
Falling tone	Vietnamese	Àà /a̤ː˨˩/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Èè /ɛ̤˨˩/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ìì /i̤˨˩/, Òò /ɔ̤˨˩/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ờờ /ə̤ː˨˩/, Ùù /ṳ˨˩/, Ừừ /ɨ̤˨˩/, Ỳỳ /i̤˨˩/	The grave accent stands for low falling tone with breathy voice. There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[43]
Short vowel	Croatian, Serbian	Àà /ǎ/, Èè /ě/, Ìì /ǐ/, Òò /ǒ/, R̀r̀ /ř̩/, Ùù /ǔ/	The grave accent marks that these vowels are short and have rising pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Croatian or Serbian, but in linguistic materials.[44]
	Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation)	Àà /ˈa/, Èè /ˈɛ/, Ìì /ˈi/, Òò /ˈɔ/, R̀r̀ /ˈəɾ/, Ùù /ˈu/	The grave accent marks that these vowels are stressed and short, and that Èè and Òò are mid-open vowels rather than mid-close. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[45]
	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Àà /á/, Èè /ɛ́/, Ẹ̀ẹ̀ /é/, Ìì /í/, Òò /ɔ́/, Ọ̀ọ̀ /ó/, R̀r̀ /ə́ɾ/, Ùù /ú/	The grave accent marks that these vowels are short and have high pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[46]
Stress	Catalan	Àà /ˈa/, Èè /ˈɛ/, Òò /ˈɔ/	The rules for when stress is to be marked in Catalan are quite complex. The grave accent also distinguishes stressed /ɛ ɔ/ from /e o/,[47] see Acute Accent, Catalan section on Uses of Acute Accent.

Hook Above

Precomposed Letters with Hook Above

◌̉

Ả

ả

Ẩ

ẩ

Ẳ

ẳ

Ẻ

ẻ

Ể

ể

Ỉ

ỉ

U+0309

U+1EA2

U+1EA3

U+1EA8

U+1EA9

U+1EB2

U+1EB3

U+1EBA

U+1EBB

U+1EC2

U+1EC3

U+1EC8

U+1EC9

Combining Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter E With Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter I With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter I With Hook Above

Ỏ

ỏ

Ổ

ổ

Ở

ở

Ủ

ủ

Ử

ử

Ỷ

ỷ

U+1ECE

U+1ECF

U+1ED4

U+1ED5

U+1EDE

U+1EDF

U+1EE6

U+1EE7

U+1EEC

U+1EED

U+1EF6

U+1EF7

Latin Capital Letter O With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter U With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter U With Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter Y With Hook Above

Latin Small Letter Y With Hook Above

The hook above (or dấu hỏi) is only used in the Vietnamese Quốc Ngữ orthography, where it marks a tone. Note that this diacritic can be hard to see or discern from other diacritics, especially in small font sizes. When it is stacked on top of another diacritic, it may be cut off in some applications, especially when it appears on a capital letter.

Uses of Hook Above

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Falling-rising (dipping) tone	Vietnamese	Ảả /aː˧˩˧/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẻẻ /ɛ˧˩˧/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ỉỉ /i˧˩˧/, Ỏỏ /ɔ˧˩˧/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ởở /əː˧˩˧/, Ủủ /u˧˩˧/, Ửử /ɨ˧˩˧/, Ỷỷ /i˧˩˧/	There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters.[48]

Horn

Precomposed Letters with Horn

◌̛

Ơ

ơ

Ớ

ớ

Ờ

ờ

Ở

ở

Ỡ

ỡ

Ợ

ợ

U+031B

U+01A0

U+01A1

U+1EDA

U+1EDB

U+1EDC

U+1EDD

U+1EDE

U+1EDF

U+1EE0

U+1EE1

U+1EE2

U+1EE3

Combining Horn

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn

Latin Small Letter O With Horn

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Dot Below

Ư

ư

Ứ

ứ

Ừ

ừ

Ử

ử

Ữ

ữ

Ự

ự

U+01AF

U+01B0

U+1EE8

U+1EE9

U+1EEA

U+1EEB

U+1EEC

U+1EED

U+1EEE

U+1EEF

U+1EF0

U+1EF1

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn

Latin Small Letter U With Horn

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Acute

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Grave

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Grave

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Hook Above

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Dot Below

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Dot Below

The horn diacritic (or dấu móc) is only used in the Vietnamese Quốc Ngữ orthography, where it is used for discerning different vowel qualities.

Uses of Horn

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Unrounded central vowel	Vietnamese	Ơơ /əː˧/, Ớớ /əː˧˥/, Ờờ /ə̤ː˨˩/, Ởở /əː˧˩˧/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ợợ /ə̰ːʔ˨˩/, Ưư /ɨ˧/, Ứứ /ɨ˧˥/, Ừừ /ɨ̤˨˩/, Ửử /ɨ˧˩˧/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ựự /ɨ̰ʔ˨˩/

Inverted Breve

Precomposed Letters with Inverted Breve

◌̑

Ȃ

ȃ

Ȇ

ȇ

Ȋ

ȋ

Ȏ

ȏ

Ȓ

ȓ

Ȗ

ȗ

U+0311

U+0202

U+0203

U+0206

U+0207

U+020A

U+020B

U+020E

U+020F

U+0212

U+0213

U+0216

U+0217

Combining Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter A With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter A With Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter E With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter E With Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter I With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter I With Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter O With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter O With Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter R With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter R With Inverted Breve

Latin Capital Letter U With Inverted Breve

Latin Small Letter U With Inverted Breve

The inverted breve is also known as an arch. Note that it may easily be confused with circumflex. The inverted breve is not part of the orthography of any language, but it is used in linguistic materials about Serbian, Croatian and Slovene.[49] It was derived from the circumflex in Ancient Greek.[50]

Uses of Inverted Breve

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Long vowel with pitch accent	Croatian, Serbian	Ȃȃ /âː/, Ȇȇ /êː/, Ȋȋ /îː/, Ȏȏ /ôː/, Ȓȓ /r̩̂ː/, Ȗȗ /ûː/	The inverted breve marks a long vowel with falling pitch. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Croatian or Serbian, but in linguistic materials.[51]
	Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation)	Ȃȃ /àː/, Ȇȇ /ɛ̀ː/, Ẹ̑ẹ̑ /èː/, Ȋȋ /ìː/, Ȏȏ /ɔ̀ː/, Ọ̑ọ̑ /òː/, Ȗȗ /ùː/	The inverted breve marks a long vowel with low pitch. Circumflex may be used instead of the inverted breve. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[52]

Macron

Precomposed Letters with Macron

¯

ˉ

◌̄

Ā

ā

Ǟ

ǟ

Ǡ

ǡ

Ǣ

ǣ

Ē

ē

U+00AF

U+02C9

U+0304

U+0100

U+0101

U+01DE

U+01DF

U+01E0

U+01E1

U+01E2

U+01E3

U+0112

U+0113

Macron

Modifier Letter Macron

Combining Macron

Latin Capital Letter A With Macron

Latin Small Letter A With Macron

Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Capital Letter A With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Small Letter A With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Capital Letter Ae With Macron

Latin Small Letter Ae With Macron

Latin Capital Letter E With Macron

Latin Small Letter E With Macron

Note: May be confused with Overline, ‾ (U+203E); Combining Double Macron, ◌͞ (U+035E); or Superscript Minus, ⁻ (U+207B).

Ḕ

ḕ

Ḗ

ḗ

Ḡ

ḡ

Ī

ī

Ḹ

ḹ

Ō

ō

Ǭ

U+1E14

U+1E15

​ U+1E16

U+1E17

U+1E20

U+1E21

U+012A

U+012B

U+1E38

U+1E39

U+014C

​ U+014D

U+01EC

Latin Capital Letter E With Macron And Grave

Latin Small Letter E With Macron And Grave

Latin Capital Letter E With Macron And Acute

Latin Small Letter E With Macron And Acute

Latin Capital Letter G With Macron

Latin Small Letter G With Macron

Latin Capital Letter I With Macron

Latin Small Letter I With Macron

Latin Capital Letter L With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Small Letter L With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Ogonek And Macron

ǭ

Ṑ

ṑ

Ṓ

ṓ

Ȫ

ȫ

Ȭ

ȭ

Ȱ

ȱ

Ṝ

ṝ

U+01ED

U+1E50

U+1E51

U+1E52

U+1E53

U+022A

U+022B

U+022C

U+022D

U+0230

U+0231

U+1E5C

U+1E5D

Latin Small Letter O With Ogonek And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Macron And Grave

Latin Small Letter O With Macron And Grave

Latin Capital Letter O With Macron And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Macron And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Dot Above And Macron

Latin Capital Letter R With Dot Below And Macron

Latin Small Letter R With Dot Below And Macron

Ū

ū

Ṻ

ṻ

Ǖ

ǖ

Ȳ

ȳ

U+016A

U+016B

U+1E7A

U+1E7B

U+01D5

U+01D6

U+0232

U+0233

Latin Capital Letter U With Macron

Latin Small Letter U With Macron

Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron

Latin Capital Letter Y With Macron

Latin Small Letter Y With Macron

Uses of Macron

Use	Language	Letters	Notes
Long vowel	Croatian, Serbian	Āā /aː/, Ēē /eː/, Īī /iː/, Ōō /oː/, R̄r̄ /r̩ː/, Ūū /uː/	The macron marks a long vowel without pitch accent. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Croatian or Serbian, but in linguistic materials.[53]
	Latgalian	Āā /ɑː/, Ēē /eː/, Īī /iː/, Ōō /oː/, Ūū /uː/
	Latvian	Āā /ɑː/, Ēē /eː/ and /æː/, Īī /iː/, Ūū /uː/
	Livonian	Āā /ɑː/, Ǟǟ /æː/, Ēē /ɛː/, Īī /iː/, Ōō /oː/, Ȱȱ /ʊː/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/, Ūū /u/

Middle Dot

Precomposed Letters with Middle Dot

·	Ŀ	ŀ
U+00B7	U+013F	U+0140
Middle Dot	Latin Capital Letter L With Middle Dot	Latin Small Letter L With Middle Dot
Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Half Triangular Colon, ˑ (U+02D1); Bullet, • (U+2022); Bullet Operator, ∙ (U+2219); Dot Operator, ⋅ (U+22C5); or Hyphenation Point, ‧ (U+2027).

The middle dot is also known by the names interpunct, interpoint, centered (centred) dot and space dot. The dot operator ⋅ (U+22C5) may also be called middle dot.[[54]
In ancient Latin and several other scripts, the middle dot was used instead of space for separating words.[55]

Uses of Middle Dot

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Digraph disambiguation	Catalan	Ŀl ŀl /lː/	Ll ll without middle dot stands for /ʎ/.[56]

Ogonek

Precomposed Letters with Ogonek

˛

◌̨

Ą

ą

Ę

ę

Į

į

Ǫ

ǫ

Ǭ

ǭ

Ų

U+02DB

U+0328

U+0104

U+0105

U+0118

U+0119

U+012E

U+012F

U+01EA

U+01EB

U+01EC

U+01ED

U+0172

Ogonek

Combining Ogonek

Latin Capital Letter A With Ogonek

Latin Small Letter A With Ogonek

Latin Capital Letter E With Ogonek

Latin Small Letter E With Ogonek

Latin Capital Letter I With Ogonek

Latin Small Letter I With Ogonek

Latin Capital Letter O With Ogonek

Latin Small Letter O With Ogonek

Latin Capital Letter O With Ogonek And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Ogonek And Macron

Latin Capital Letter U With Ogonek

ų

U+0173

Latin Small Letter U With Ogonek

In European languages the ogonek is attached to the right side of Aa, Ee and u, but in Native American languages it is supposed to be placed directly under the letter if technically possible.[57] There are no separate Unicode poins for these variants. Note that the ogonek may be confused with cedilla ¸.

Uses of Ogonek

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes

Retroflex Hook

Precomposed Letters with Retroflex Hook

◌̢

ɖ

ʯ

ɭ

ᶩ

ɳ

ᶯ

Ɽ

ɽ

ɻ

ʵ

ʂ

ᶳ

U+0322

U+0256

U+02AF

U+026D

U+1DA9

U+0273

U+1DAF

U+2C64

U+027D

U+027B

U+02B5

U+0282

U+1DB3

Combining Retroflex Hook Below

Latin Small Letter D With Tail

Latin Small Letter Turned H With Fishhook And Tail

Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook

Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook

Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook

Modifier Letter Small N With Retroflex Hook

Latin Capital Letter R With Tail

Latin Small Letter R With Tail

Latin Small Letter Turned R With Hook

Modifier Letter Small Turned R With Hook

Latin Small Letter S With Hook

Modifier Letter Small S With Hook

Note: It is not recommended that this combining diacritic is used with letters to create new characters.[58]

Note: Upper case of this letter is Latin Capital Letter African D, Ɖ (U+0189).

Note: Phonetic character used by sinologist to denote [ʐ̩ʷ].[59] Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Ʈ

ʈ

ʐ

ᶼ

U+01AE

U+0288

U+0290

U+1DBC

Latin Capital Letter T With Retroflex Hook

Latin Small Letter T With Retroflex Hook

Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook

Modifier Letter Small Z With Retroflex Hook

Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

The retroflex hook is variously also called just a hook, or a tail, in Unicode. They all have in common that it is a hook turning towards the right, attached to the bottom of a letter. The majority of these letters are used in IPA to represent retroflex consonants.
Note that the retroflex hook is easily confused with the similar looking Palatalized Hook ◌̡. There are also letters with other hooks, such as Ɓɓ, Ƈƈ, Ɗɗ, Ƒƒ, Ɠɠ, ʛ, ɦ, ɧ, Ƙƙ, ɱ, Ɲɲ, Ɋɋ, ʠ, Ƥƥ, Ƭƭ, Ʋʋ, Ƴƴ, Ȥȥ.

Uses of Retroflex Hook

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes

Ring Above

Precomposed Letters with Ring Above

˚	◌̊	Å	å	Ǻ	ǻ	Ů	ů	ẘ	ẙ
U+02DA	U+030A	U+00C5	U+00E5	U+01FA	U+01FB	U+016E	U+016F	U+1E98	U+1E99
Ring Above	Combining Ring Above	Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above	Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above	Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute	Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute	Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above	Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above	Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above	Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
Note: May be confused with the Degree Sign ° (U+00B0)		Note: May be confused with the Ångström Sign Å (U+212B).

Uses of Ring Above

Use	Language	Letters	Notes
Back version of front vowel. Often also rounded.	Chamorro	Åå /ɑ/
	Danish, Norwegian	Åå /ɔ/	From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[60]
	Swedish	Åå /o/	From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[61]
Long vowel	Czech	Ůů /uː/	This comes from a diphthong /uo/, where the o was sometimes written as a ring above the u. A sound change then turned /uo/ into /uː/.[62]

Ring Below

Precomposed Letters with Ring Below

˳	◌̥	Ḁ	ḁ
U+02F3	U+0325	U+1E00	U+1E01
Modifier Letter Low Ring	Combining Ring Below	Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Below	Latin Small Letter A With Ring Below

Note that this diacritic may be confused with dot below ◌̣ or square below ◌̻, especially in small font sizes.

Uses of Ring Below

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Syllabic consonant	ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts	L̥l̥ /l̩/, L̥̄l̥̄ /l̩ː/, R̥r̥ /r̩/, R̥̄r̥̄ /r̩ː/

Stroke

Precomposed Letters with Stroke

◌̸

◌̷

Ⱥ

ⱥ

Ȼ

ȼ

Ɇ

ɇ

Ł

ł

ᴌ

ƛ

Ø

U+0338

U+0337

U+023A

U+2C65

U+023B

U+023C

U+0246

U+0247

U+0141

U+0142

U+1D0C

U+019B

U+00D8

Combining Long Solidus Overlay

Combining Short Solidus Overlay

Latin Capital Letter A With Stroke

Latin Small Letter A With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter C With Stroke

Latin Small Letter C With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter E With Stroke

Latin Small Letter E With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter L With Stroke

Latin Small Letter L With Stroke

Latin Letter Small Capital L With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Lambda With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter O With Stroke

Note: May be confused with Cedi Sign, ₵ (U+20B5).

Note: May be confused with Cent Sign, ¢ (U+00A2).

​

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: May be confused with Empty Set, ∅ (U+2205).

ø

ᴓ

Ǿ

ǿ

ẜ

Ⱦ

ⱦ

ᵺ

U+00F8

U+1D13

U+01FE

U+01FF

U+1E9C

U+023E

U+2C66

U+1D7A

Latin Small Letter O With Stroke

Latin Small Letter Sideways O With Stroke

Latin Capital Letter O With Stroke And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Stroke And Acute

Latin Small Letter Long S With Diagonal Stroke

Latin Capital Letter T With Diagonal Stroke

Latin Small Letter T With Diagonal Stroke

Latin Small Letter Th With Strikethrough

Note: May be confused with Diameter Sign, ⌀ (U+2300).

Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography.

Note: Phonetic character used in some American dictionaries.[63] Not used in any orthography.

This diacritic, and the one consisting of a horizontal bar, may both be called stroke in Unicode. In this article they are treated as two separate diacritics. Latin Small Letter Eth, ð, is listed under the bar diacritic. There are several currency symbols and mathematical symbols with strokes, but they are not included here.

Uses of Stroke

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Letter extension	Sahaptin	ƛ /t͡ɬ/, ƛ’ /t͡ɬʼ/	According to Wikipedia, it is "used in transcribing Sahaptin".[64]
Other	Polish	Łł /w/	Historically it stood for /ɫ/.

Tilde

Precomposed Letters with Tilde

~

˜

​ ◌̃

Ã

ã

Ẫ

ẫ

Ẵ

ẵ

Ẽ

ẽ

Ễ

ễ

U+007E

U+02DC

U+0303

​ U+00C3

U+00E3

​ U+1EAA

U+1EAB

U+1EB4

U+1EB5

U+1EBC

U+1EBD

U+1EC4

U+1EC5

Tilde

Small Tilde

Combining Tilde

Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde

Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter E With Tilde

Latin Small Letter E With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde

Note: May be confused with swung dash ⁓ (U+2053).

Ĩ

ĩ

Ñ

ñ

Õ

õ

Ȭ

ȭ

Ṍ

ṍ

Ṏ

ṏ

Ỗ

U+0128

U+0129

​ U+00D1

U+00F1

U+00D5

U+00F5

U+022C

U+022D

U+1E4C

U+1E4D

U+1E4E

U+1E4F

U+1ED6

Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde

Latin Small Letter I With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter N With Tilde

Latin Small Letter N With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute

Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis

Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis

Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

ỗ

Ỡ

ỡ

Ũ

ũ

Ṹ

ṹ

Ữ

ữ

Ṽ

ṽ

Ỹ

ỹ

U+1ED7

U+1EE0

U+1EE1

U+0168

U+0169

U+1E78

U+1E79

U+1EEE

U+1EEF

U+1E7C

U+1E7D

U+1EF8

U+1EF9

Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde

Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde

Latin Small Letter U With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute

Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute

Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde

Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde

Latin Capital Letter V With Tilde

Latin Small Letter V With Tilde

Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde

Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde

Uses of Tilde

Use	Language	Letters	Notes
Glottalized vowel	Vietnamese	Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/	The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.[65] There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[66]
Unrounded vowel	Estonian	Õõ /ɤ/
Other	ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts	Ññ	Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before palatal consonants.[67]
	Livonian	Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/

Vertical Line Below

Precomposed Letters with Vertical Line Below

ˌ	◌̩
U+02CC	U+0329
Modifier Letter Low Vertical Line	Combining Vertical Line Below
Note: Whether this can be said to be the non-combining version of vertical line below is open to debate. This character is used for marking secondary stress in IPA, while combining vertical line below is used for marking syllabic consonants in IPA.

No actual precomposed letters with this diacritic actually exist.

Uses of Vertical Line Below

Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Lowered vowel with retracted tongue root	Yoruba (current Nigerian alphabet)	E̩e̩ /ɛ̙/, O̩o̩ /ɔ̙/	The vertical line below replaced an earlier dot below. This is because the dots get covered when a word is underlined. In Benin, a different alphabet is used for Yoruba.[68]
Postalveolar consonant	Yoruba (current Nigerian alphabet)	S̩s̩ /ʃ/