Retroflex Hook
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The retroflex hook is variously also called just a hook, or a tail, in Unicode. They all have in common that it is a hook turning towards the right, attached to the bottom of a letter. The majority of these letters are used in IPA to represent retroflex consonants.
Note that the retroflex hook is easily confused with the similar looking Palatalized Hook ◌̡. There are also letters with other hooks, such as Ɓɓ, Ƈƈ, Ɗɗ, Ƒƒ, Ɠɠ, ʛ, ɦ, ɧ, Ƙƙ, ɱ, Ɲɲ, Ɋɋ, ʠ, Ƥƥ, Ƭƭ, Ʋʋ, Ƴƴ, Ȥȥ.
Retroflex Hook in Unicode
| ◌̢ | ɖ | ʯ | ɭ | ᶩ | ɳ | ᶯ | Ɽ | ɽ | ɻ | ʵ | ʂ | ᶳ |
| U+0322 | U+0256 | U+02AF | U+026D | U+1DA9 | U+0273 | U+1DAF | U+2C64 | U+027D | U+027B | U+02B5 | U+0282 | U+1DB3 |
| Combining Retroflex Hook Below | Latin Small Letter D With Tail | Latin Small Letter Turned H With Fishhook And Tail | Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook | Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook | Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook | Modifier Letter Small N With Retroflex Hook | Latin Capital Letter R With Tail | Latin Small Letter R With Tail | Latin Small Letter Turned R With Hook | Modifier Letter Small Turned R With Hook | Latin Small Letter S With Hook | Modifier Letter Small S With Hook |
| Note: It is not recommended that this combining diacritic is used with letters to create new characters.[1] | Note: Upper case of this letter is Latin Capital Letter African D, Ɖ (U+0189). | Note: Phonetic character used by sinologist to denote [ʐ̩ʷ].[2] Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. | ||
| Ʈ | ʈ | ʐ | ᶼ | |||||||||
| U+01AE | U+0288 | U+0290 | U+1DBC | |||||||||
| Latin Capital Letter T With Retroflex Hook | Latin Small Letter T With Retroflex Hook | Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook | Modifier Letter Small Z With Retroflex Hook | |||||||||
| Note: Phonetic character used in IPA. Not used in any orthography. | Note: Phonetic character; not used in any orthography. |
Retroflex Hook in Natlangs
| Usage | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retroflex consonant | Ewe | Ɖɖ /ɖ~ɳ/ | The [ɳ] is an allophone of /ɖ/ occurring before nasalized vowels.[3] |
| Fon | Ɖɖ /ɖ~n/ | The [n] is an allophone of /ɖ/ occurring before nasalized vowels.[4] | |
| Moro | Ɽɽ /ɽ/ | The orthography for Moro did not have capital letters originally.[5] |
Retroflex Hook in Phonetic Transcription
| Use | Transcription system | Characters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retroflex consonant | International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | ɖ, ɭ, ᶩ, ɳ, ᶯ, ɽ, ɻ, ʵ, ʂ, ᶳ, ʈ, ʐ, ᶼ |
See Also
References
- ↑ Hook_(diacritic), Unicode at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Syllabic consonants, Syllabic fricatives at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ewe language, Consonants at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Fon language, Phonology at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Guest, Elizabeth. 1997. Moro Phonology.
