Dravindian: Difference between revisions
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== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unvoiced | ! Unvoiced | ||
| /p/ 𑀧 || /t/ 𑀢 || /ʈ/ 𑀝 || /c/ 𑀘 || /k/ 𑀓 | | /p/ 𑀧 || /t/ 𑀢 || /ʈ/ 𑀝 || /t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ~c/ 𑀘 || /k/ 𑀓 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| /b/ 𑀩 || /d/ 𑀤 || /ɖ/ 𑀟 || /ɟ/ 𑀚 || /g/ 𑀕 | | /b/ 𑀩 || /d/ 𑀤 || /ɖ/ 𑀟 || /d͡ʒ~ɟ/ 𑀚 || /g/ 𑀕 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | |||
| /f~v~ʋ/ 𑀯 || /s~z/ 𑀲 || /ʂ/ 𑀱 || /ɕ/ 𑀰 || /h/ 𑀳 | |||
|- | |||
! Lateral | |||
| || /l/ 𑀮 || /ɭ/ 𑀴 || || | |||
|- | |||
! Approximant | |||
| || /r/ 𑀭 || /ɻ/ 𑀶 || /j/ 𑀬 || | |||
|} | |||
There are two more series for Indian/Hindi/Sanskrit loanwords, but they are not "native" | |||
{| border="1" | |||
! Aspirated | ! Aspirated | ||
| /pʰ/ 𑀨 || /tʰ/ 𑀣 || /ʈʰ/ 𑀞 || /cʰ/ 𑀙 || /kʰ/ 𑀔 | | /pʰ/ 𑀨 || /tʰ/ 𑀣 || /ʈʰ/ 𑀞 || /cʰ/ 𑀙 || /kʰ/ 𑀔 | ||
| Line 50: | Line 64: | ||
! Breathy | ! Breathy | ||
| /bʰ/ 𑀪 || /dʰ/ 𑀥 || /ɖʰ/ 𑀠 || /ɟʰ/ 𑀛 || /gʰ/ 𑀖 | | /bʰ/ 𑀪 || /dʰ/ 𑀥 || /ɖʰ/ 𑀠 || /ɟʰ/ 𑀛 || /gʰ/ 𑀖 | ||
|} | |||
=== Vowels === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! !! Front Short !! Front Long !! Back Short !! Back Long | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! High | ||
| / | | /i/ 𑀇 || /iː// 𑀈 || /u/ 𑀉 || /uː/ 𑀊 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mid | ||
| || / | | /e/ 𑀏 || /eː// 𑀏𑁳 || /o/ 𑀑 || /oː/ 𑀑𑁰 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Low | ||
| || | | || || /a/ 𑀅 || /aː/ 𑀆 | ||
|} | |} | ||
CVN is the maximum syllable. Any consonant can geminate, which does not add to the previous coda. | |||
== Morphology == | |||
{{Universal Language}} | {{Universal Language}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 1 March 2025
Dravindian is a Universal Language for Dravidian languages of southeast India.
| 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑁆𑀫𑀻 [bra.mi] | |
| Timeline/Universe | Universal Language |
| Period | Future Utopia |
| Spoken in | South India |
| Total speakers | 230 million |
| Writing system | Brahmi |
| Classification | Proto-Dravidian |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SOV |
| Morphology | Fusional |
| Alignment | N-A |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Aquatiki |
Anthropology
Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu, Gondi, and Proto-Dravidian.
- 8 cases
- 3 genders
- clusivity
- agglutinative
- 5 vowels ... nasal?
- gemination
- n-a
- tu-vous
- negative on verbs
- polar q on verb
- SOV
- voiced and unvoiced, no aspirated or creaky
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ 𑀫 | /n/ 𑀦 | /ɳ/ 𑀡 | /ɲ/ 𑀜 | /ŋ/ 𑀗 |
| Unvoiced | /p/ 𑀧 | /t/ 𑀢 | /ʈ/ 𑀝 | /t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ~c/ 𑀘 | /k/ 𑀓 |
| Voiced | /b/ 𑀩 | /d/ 𑀤 | /ɖ/ 𑀟 | /d͡ʒ~ɟ/ 𑀚 | /g/ 𑀕 |
| Fricative | /f~v~ʋ/ 𑀯 | /s~z/ 𑀲 | /ʂ/ 𑀱 | /ɕ/ 𑀰 | /h/ 𑀳 |
| Lateral | /l/ 𑀮 | /ɭ/ 𑀴 | |||
| Approximant | /r/ 𑀭 | /ɻ/ 𑀶 | /j/ 𑀬 |
There are two more series for Indian/Hindi/Sanskrit loanwords, but they are not "native"
| Aspirated | /pʰ/ 𑀨 | /tʰ/ 𑀣 | /ʈʰ/ 𑀞 | /cʰ/ 𑀙 | /kʰ/ 𑀔 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breathy | /bʰ/ 𑀪 | /dʰ/ 𑀥 | /ɖʰ/ 𑀠 | /ɟʰ/ 𑀛 | /gʰ/ 𑀖 |
Vowels
| Front Short | Front Long | Back Short | Back Long | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ 𑀇 | /iː// 𑀈 | /u/ 𑀉 | /uː/ 𑀊 |
| Mid | /e/ 𑀏 | /eː// 𑀏𑁳 | /o/ 𑀑 | /oː/ 𑀑𑁰 |
| Low | /a/ 𑀅 | /aː/ 𑀆 |
CVN is the maximum syllable. Any consonant can geminate, which does not add to the previous coda.
Morphology
| Universal Languages | ||
|---|---|---|
| AFRICA | SEDES (Horn of Africa), Middle Semitic (Semitic languages), Kintu (Bantu languages), Guosa (West Africa) | 
|
| CENTRAL ASIA | Jalpi (Turkic languages), Zens (Iranian languages), Dravindian (Dravidian languages), Neo-Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan languages) | |
| EUROPE | Interlingua (Romance languages), Folksprak (Germanic languages), Interslavic Slavic languages, Balkan (Balkans) | |
| FAR EAST | Dan'a'yo (CJKV), MSEAL (Mainland Southeast Asia), Indo-Malay (Maritime Southeast Asia) | |
