Macron Below: Difference between revisions
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This diacritic can easily be confused with [[Low_Line|low line]]. The difference is that the low line is longer, and should result in a single long line when used on several consecutive characters, while characters with macron below should have small gaps between the macrons. Precomposed characters with | This diacritic can easily be confused with [[Low_Line|low line]] and [[Double_Macron_Below|double macron below]]. The difference compared to low line is that the low line is longer, and should result in a single long line when used on several consecutive characters, while characters with macron below should have small gaps between the macrons. The double macron below on the other hand has place for two characters above it. Precomposed characters with macron below have "line below" in their Unicode name, but it is in fact a macron below.<ref name=macron_below>[[Wikipedia:Macron_below|Macron below]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
== Macron Below in Unicode == | == Macron Below in Unicode == | ||
| Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
*[[Macron]] | *[[Macron]] | ||
*[[Low_Line|Low Line]] | *[[Low_Line|Low Line]] | ||
*[[Double_Macron_Below|Double Macron Below]] | |||
*[http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf Transliteration of Arabic] (Pedersen, Thomas. 2008.) has a concise list of comparisons between DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UNGEGN, ALA-LC, and The Encyclopedia of Islam romanizations of Arabic. | *[http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf Transliteration of Arabic] (Pedersen, Thomas. 2008.) has a concise list of comparisons between DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UNGEGN, ALA-LC, and The Encyclopedia of Islam romanizations of Arabic. | ||
Revision as of 02:08, 6 July 2021
This diacritic can easily be confused with low line and double macron below. The difference compared to low line is that the low line is longer, and should result in a single long line when used on several consecutive characters, while characters with macron below should have small gaps between the macrons. The double macron below on the other hand has place for two characters above it. Precomposed characters with macron below have "line below" in their Unicode name, but it is in fact a macron below.[1]
Macron Below in Unicode
| ˍ | ◌̱ | Ḇ | ḇ | Ḏ | ḏ | ẖ | Ḵ | ḵ | Ḻ | ḻ | Ṉ | ṉ |
| U+02CD | U+0331 | U+1E06 | U+1E07 | U+1E0E | U+1E0F | U+1E96 | U+1E34 | U+1E35 | U+1E3A | U+1E3B | U+1E48 | U+1E49 |
| Modifier Letter Low Macron | Combining Macron Below | Latin Capital Letter B With Line Below | Latin Small Letter B With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter D With Line Below | Latin Small Letter D With Line Below | Latin Small Letter H With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter K With Line Below | Latin Small Letter K With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter L With Line Below | Latin Small Letter L With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter N With Line Below | Latin Small Letter N With Line Below |
| Ṟ | ṟ | Ṯ | ṯ | Ẕ | ẕ | |||||||
| U+1E5E | U+1E5F | U+1E6E | U+1E6F | U+1E94 | U+1E95 | |||||||
| Latin Capital Letter R With Line Below | Latin Small Letter R With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter T With Line Below | Latin Small Letter T With Line Below | Latin Capital Letter Z With Line Below | Latin Small Letter Z With Line Below |
Macron Below in Natlangs
| Usage | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alphabet extension | Arabic (ISO 233 romanization, ISO/R 233 romanization) | H̱ẖ /x/ | Note that H̱ is not a precomposed letter. |
| Disambiguation in transliteration | Amharic (BGN/PCGN 1967 transliteration) | H̱ẖ /h/ | The Geʽez script has four types of characters all pronounced /h/ in Amharic due to sounds mergers. These may be transliterated with Hh, Ḥḥ, Ḫḫ resp. H̱ẖ, though the diacritics may be dropped.[2] Note that H̱ is not a precomposed letter. |
| Fricative consonant | Arabic (DIN 31635 romanization, ISO 233 romanization, ISO/R 233 romanization) | Ḏḏ /ð/, Ṯṯ /θ/ | There is also a Ḡḡ /ɣ~ɡ/ in ISO/R 233, using macron above, probably because it would not fit under lower case g. |
| Arabic (Hans Wehr romanization) | ḏ /ð/, ḵ /x/, ṯ /θ/ | ḵ replaced ḫ in the fourth edition of this transliteration scheme. Hans Wehr transliteration does not include capital letters.[3] There is also a ḡ /ɣ~ɡ/, using macron above, probably because it would not fit under g. | |
| Palatal or palatalized consonant | Ancient Egyptian (traditional transliteration) | Ḏḏ /tʲʼ/ or /t͡ʃʼ/, H̱ẖ /ç/, Ṯṯ /tʲ/ or /t͡ʃ/ | The pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian changed much during the millennia it was spoken, and the exact pronunciation can't be known for sure,[4] therefore the phonemic representation here might not be entirely accurate. Note that there is no precomposed form of uppercase H̱. |
See Also
- Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet
- Macron
- Low Line
- Double Macron Below
- Transliteration of Arabic (Pedersen, Thomas. 2008.) has a concise list of comparisons between DIN 31635, ISO 233, ISO/R 233, UNGEGN, ALA-LC, and The Encyclopedia of Islam romanizations of Arabic.
References
- ↑ Macron below at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Romanization of Amharic (PDF).
- ↑ Hans Wehr transliteration at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Egyptian language, Phonology at Wikipedia.
