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Emegi: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;"
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;"
|+caption | '''Table of Old Emegi vowels'''
|+caption | '''Table of Emegi vowels'''
|-
|-
!
!
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|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| e || ə ||
| e || ə || o
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open mid]]
| ɛ ||  || ɔ
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
| a || ||
| a æ || ||
|}
|}


Line 27: Line 30:
!
!
! [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]
! [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! [[Wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
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|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! [[Wikipedia:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
| p   b || t   d || || k   g || ʔ
| p   b || || t   d || || k   g || ʔ
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! [[Wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| m || n || || ŋ ||
| m || || n || || ŋ ||
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Flap consonant|Flap]]
! [[Wikipedia:Flap consonant|Flap]]
| || ɾ ||  || ||  
| || || ɾ ||  || ||  
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Trill consonant|Trill]]
|  || r ||  ||  ||  
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[Wikipedia:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| || s   z || ʃ || h ||
| || v || s   z || ʃ || x || h
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
! [[Wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| || l || || ||
| || || l || || ||
|}
|}


== Modern Phonology ==
=== Old to Mid-Emegi ===


{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="margin:auto;"
Intervocalic lenition.
|+caption | '''Table of Emegi vowels'''
|-
!
! [[Wikipedia:Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Wikipedia:Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Wikipedia:Back vowel|Back]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]]
| i || || u
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| e || ə || o
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open mid]]
| ɛ ||  || ɔ
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[Wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]]
| a || ||
|}


== Old to Mid-Emegi ==
Merging of rhotics /r/ and /ɾ/.


Intervocalic lenition.
Merging of rhotics /r/ and /ɾ/.
/s/ and /z/ begin to merge into /z/.
/s/ and /z/ begin to merge into /z/.
Aspiration of /t/.
Aspiration of /t/.
/u/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /o/.
/u/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /o/.
/i/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /ɨ/.
/i/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /ɨ/.
/e/ and /o/ become /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ after voiced consonants.
/a/s following voiceless consonants begin to shift to /æ/.
/a/s following voiceless consonants begin to shift to /æ/.


== Mid to early modern Emegi ==
=== Mid to early modern Emegi ===


Loss of final schwa.
Loss of final schwa.
Replacement of liaison /t/ with /ʔ/.
Replacement of liaison /t/ with /ʔ/.
Overaspiration of /t/ leads to development into /s/.
 
Overaspiration of initial /t/ leads to development into /s/.
 
Development of /w/ via word-initial l-vocalisation.
Development of /w/ via word-initial l-vocalisation.
/t/ and /d/ velarised before back vowels.
/t/ and /d/ velarised before back vowels.
/ɨ/ begins to shift to /ə/
/ɨ/ begins to shift to /ə/


== Early modern Emegi ==
=== Early modern Emegi ===


Initial devoicing, after old voiced consonants, /e/ and /o/ become /ɛ/ and /ɔ/.
Initial devoicing occurs
Initial /t/ and /d/ dentalised


== Modern Emegi ==
Non-initial /t/ and /d/ dentalised
 
=== Modern Emegi ===


/ħ/ replaces /h/ initially in most dialects, including the standard language, under Arabic influence.
/ħ/ replaces /h/ initially in most dialects, including the standard language, under Arabic influence.
== Orthography ==
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter || IPA
|-
| B || /b/
|-
| D || /d/
|-
| C || /x/
|-
| G || /g/
|-
| H || /h/
|-
| J || /ħ/
|-
| K || /k/
|-
| L || /l/
|-
| M || /m/
|-
| N || /n/
|-
| Ň || /ŋ/
|-
| P || /p/
|-
| R || /ɾ/
|-
| S || /s/
|-
| Š || /ʃ/
|-
| T || /t/
|-
| V || /v/
|-
| W || /w/
|}
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter || IPA
|-
| a || /a/
|-
| aa || /æ/
|-
| e || /ɛ/, /ə/
|-
| eu || /e/
|-
| o || /ɔ/
|-
| ou || /o/
|-
| u || /u/
|}
== Morphology ==
=== Cases ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case || Ending
|-
| Absolutive || -/
|-
| Ergative || -(a)
|-
| Genitive/Locative || -a(k)
|-
| Dative* || -r(a)
|-
| Ablative/Instrumental || -t(â)
|}
[[Category: Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 11:02, 17 July 2011

Emegi is effectively a modern descendant of a conworld equivalent of Sumerian, which in this case existed around 50BC. This is highly subject to change.

Phonology

Table of Emegi vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e ə o
Open mid ɛ ɔ
Open a æ


Table of Old Emegi consonants
Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Plosive p   b t   d k   g ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Flap ɾ
Fricative v s   z ʃ x h
Lateral l

Old to Mid-Emegi

Intervocalic lenition.

Merging of rhotics /r/ and /ɾ/.

/s/ and /z/ begin to merge into /z/.

Aspiration of /t/.

/u/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /o/.

/i/s following voiced consonants begin to shift to /ɨ/.

/e/ and /o/ become /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ after voiced consonants.

/a/s following voiceless consonants begin to shift to /æ/.

Mid to early modern Emegi

Loss of final schwa.

Replacement of liaison /t/ with /ʔ/.

Overaspiration of initial /t/ leads to development into /s/.

Development of /w/ via word-initial l-vocalisation.

/t/ and /d/ velarised before back vowels.

/ɨ/ begins to shift to /ə/

Early modern Emegi

Initial devoicing occurs

Non-initial /t/ and /d/ dentalised

Modern Emegi

/ħ/ replaces /h/ initially in most dialects, including the standard language, under Arabic influence.

Orthography

Consonants

Letter IPA
B /b/
D /d/
C /x/
G /g/
H /h/
J /ħ/
K /k/
L /l/
M /m/
N /n/
Ň /ŋ/
P /p/
R /ɾ/
S /s/
Š /ʃ/
T /t/
V /v/
W /w/

Vowels

Letter IPA
a /a/
aa /æ/
e /ɛ/, /ə/
eu /e/
o /ɔ/
ou /o/
u /u/

Morphology

Cases

Case Ending
Absolutive -/
Ergative -(a)
Genitive/Locative -a(k)
Dative* -r(a)
Ablative/Instrumental -t(â)
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