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| '''This site is incomplete but is being added to on a daily basis'''
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| [[User:Rivendale|Click Here to see disclaimer]] | | [[User:Rivendale|Click Here to see disclaimer]] |
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| {{Infobox|name=Dal’qörian|pronounce=ɗælkuɹi:jæn (Eng: Dalcurian) [[Media:Dalcurian.ogg|hear pronunciation]]|tu=Present|species=Human|in=[[Dal’qöria]] |no=over 3 million|script=[[Latin alphabet]], [[Dal’qörian old script]]|tree=Þadöracian (Thaduracian)<br> | | {{Infobox|name=Dal’qörian|pronounce=ɗælkuɹi:jæn (Eng: Dalcurian)<br>[[Media:Dalcurian.ogg|hear pronunciation]]|tu=Present|species=Human|in=[[Dalcuria]] |no=over 3 million|script=Latin alphabet<br>(Dalcurian variant)|tree= [[Thaduracian|Thaduracian]]<br> [[Proto-Dalcurian|Proto-Dalcurian]]<br> [[Old Dalcurian|Old Dalcurian]]<br> Middle Dalcurian<br> Modern Dalcurian|morph=Analytic (standard)<br/> Semi-synthetic (Halcarnian)|ms=Nominative-Accusative (pronouns only)|wo=SVO/SOV|creator=Dayle Hill|date= 2003-ongoing}} |
| Dalcurian (+ Halcarnian dialect)|morph=Analytic|ms=Nominative-Accusative|wo=SVO/SOV|creator=Dayle Hill|date= 2003-ongoing}} | |
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| :<span style="font-size: 16px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman">Dalq'örian</span>
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| :<span style="font-size: 16pt"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS">Dal'qörian</span>
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| :<span style="font-size: 2em"><span style="font-family: Forte">Dal'qörian</span>
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| :<span style="font-size: 15mm"><span style="font-family: Bodoni MT">Dal'qörian</span>
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| =='''<span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS">Vehimaquirämös-Introduction</span>'''==
| | [[Image:Welcome note in dalscript.jpg]] |
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| <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS">Qiöra qoÞ. Aca re bán? Binä, te intevönæÞ dis déalecti Dal’qöria, velcamör ela. DérÞ, diö descöbræ däáträdn qörabárämösel te májä, niaságrämös, liläárämös qve tiÞöra,, ön salö ni ænÞal degérø te oragéanámn qve tiÞöra-lintöni di vosérämös qve tiÞöra qedérÞas.<br/>Binä, öcra di épø, taÞ diö icaÞræ te besöcér séÞa intevönæÞ, iquirquas qnáÞr diö,, ön méla diö, máriÞ éanö qomenträmösel ödri qualtédrämösel, iquirquas é-mäl binöra,, ödri méla diö natindr éanö enörämösel, taÞ binä gä’ábravaqur,, ön diö qönér,, taÞ diö nöacr önestár,, nes efragörädnas maqur taÞ dérÞ: '''[email protected]'''</span> | |
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| <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS">''Hi, and welcome to the Dalcurian language website. Here, you’ll find detailed descriptions of its grammar, pronunciation, style, and a basic history of its origins right up to its present day usage.<br/>I would like to thank you for taking the time to peruse this website, and if you would like to email me with any comments or questions, or if you notice any mistakes that you feel you could correct me on, then please feel free to do so at'': '''[email protected]'''</span> | |
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| <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS">Through my own experiences, I have purposely simplified the grammatical terminology in this article, and I have also included brief descriptions of grammatical words and expressions in each respective section. This is because I want newcomers to language study not to feel intimidated by heavy terminology and explanations. As I can remember when I first began to study German, I was very confused with 'intense grammatical explanations'. Of course, when studying or creating a language, one must have some understanding of grammar to begin with. However, for the above reasons I have, for the most part, written this article in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_English_Wikipedia simple English].<BR/>I should also state that most of the examples and references here are based in comparison to the English language.</span>
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| =='''Di déalecti qve Dal'qöria,, ön ænÞal degérø-The Dalcurian language and basic history'''==
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| '''Dalcurian''' (Dalcurian spelling: '''''Dal'qörian''''' IPA '''ɗælkuɹi:jæn''') is the language of '''Dalcuria''' ('''''Dal'qöria'''''), a small group of islands approx 300 miles south-westerly off the southwest coast of Ireland. Stylistically, it's full of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages Indo-European traits], with strong influences from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language English], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language German], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin Latin], plus [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language Finnish] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_language Cornish].
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| The Dalcurian language was first developed as a religious tongue by a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan pagan] king called '''Thadæus Thadurac''' (Dalcurian: '''''þadæös þadörac''''') around 200 BC. The religion was a breakaway form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan Paganism] that was practiced throughout Europe around that time, and had thousands of followers, divided up into fellowships. Thadurac’s main fellowship resided on the Dalcurian islands (''at that time known as'' '''þadöracia'''-'''''Thaduracia''' after he named the islands''), and at the time of his reign, numbered around 10,000. The main language was a form of early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin Latin], which was spreading throughout Europe as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire Roman Empire] became bigger. The writing system however, resembled a form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew Hebrew] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic Aramaic] (''though it can’t be substantiated that it was derived at all from these''), thought to have been created by middle-eastern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomads nomads] who resided on the island over 1000 years previously. It’s also not quite clear exactly how the first pagans came to be on the island, but the fact that the writing system was adopted by them points to at least some kind of coexistence between the pagans and the nomads.
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| Early Thaduracian pagan lifestyle was mainly pastoral: raising livestock and farming the lands with a recipricol [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy economy]. The Thaduracians had become prolific in the utilisation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp hemp], and grew many acres, producing high quality cloths and clothes, paper, fuel, soaps and even medicines. They were exporting trade in their hemp products to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland Ireland] and southern [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England England], and had managed to open up a trade link to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean Mediterranean], where their ware was bought by merchants of leaders and councillors in and around [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece Greece].
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| Thadurac, who was an eccentric leader, had studied language in Greece as a young scholar of a prominent Greek philosopher called '''Adaikos''' in 210 BC. He had learned many things whilst there, including skills in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics economics] and governing. When he came to power, he put these into practice and brought stability and order to the society, and radicalized the then worshipped religion with his own ideals and philosophies.
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| He created a form of language in order to individualize the fellowship; to intergrate one and all as a soceity, and promptly imposed it on his people to be used in worship and prayer, religious literacy (''using a now adapted version of the scribal writing system'') and rituals. It was a very basic language of around 500 base words, drawn from Latin and early Germanic influences (''though the language of today bears little resemblance''). It was highly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflection inflected], even to the point of inflections which carried a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verbs modal] force.
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| As the years of Thadurac’s reign went by, his religious language matured, and as it became more widely accepted, it became more advanced, forming small pockets of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial colloquial speech] in many villages and towns. It spread out into the fellowships of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_europe Western Europe], becoming ever more present in every day speech. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European European] factions of the fellowship would ultimately form their own [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialect dialects], which eventually crossed into the islands own dialect during the Pagan exodus of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_century 3rd] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_century 4th] centuries.
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| From the mid 3rd century, thousands of European pagans, not just Thaduracian pagans, migrated out of their homelands running from persecution, after the Roman Emperor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constans Constans] decreed that all pagan worship and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrifice sacrifice] (''even though Thaduracian Paganism didn’t practice sacrifice'') should cease; warning those who still persisted in the practice of paganism with the threat of the death penalty. Many more found their way to Thaduracia, after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I Theodosius I] officially declared [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Christianity] as the official religion of the Roman Empire.<br/>By this time, the Thaduarcian tongue had long been accepted as the main language of the island (''although it wasn’t official''), and having knowledge of Thaduracian meant integration into society was relatively easy for this new influx of Europeans. This exodus inevitably produced a myriad of dialects across the island, and brought into the language many [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan_words loan words] from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_languages Germanic languages]. Regional village dialects formed, though not drastically, as the settlers from various European regions tended to stick together in the same village or town.<br/>Not only did the language take on new traits, but also Thaduracian society became more highly developed. Many large towns rose up across the island, and its first city was officially named as '''Calmania''' (dal: '''''Qal’mánia''''') in 467. The main port in the southwest region of Halcarnia ('''''Hal'qánia''''') became increasingly busier, largely due to the island’s geographical position. Ships coming from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] would often make port there where goods would be bought, sold and bartered for. The then leader, king '''Heldoch d’Calba II''' (dal: '''''Heldø d’Qalba'''''), established its first form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government government] with the aid of Roman defectors, which created a more centralized control over the towns, villages, and of course the economy.
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| In 512AD, '''Dalæth Curan''' (Dalcurian: '''''DalæÞ Qöran''''') became Thaduracia’s youngest king at only 22 years of age. Like his great predecessor Thadurac, he was a very astute scholar. He had studied language and history, was fluent in Latin and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_english Old English], and had studied the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_languages Celtic languages] (''by this time, a strong Irish Celtic society had formed in the northern region''). He was extremely ambitious, and one of the first things he sought to do was to re-open the Mediterranean trade link that had been lost 150 years previously. The Mediterranean was a trade link that Thaduracia had followed for over 800 years, and the bulk of its hemp trade came from there. Even when the Romans captured the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthaginian Carthaginian] trading colonies along its coast (''roughly 210 BC-Dalcuria had a huge export trade in tin with Carthage'') trade only dwindled slightly. However, with the onset of Christianity into the Roman Empire, trade was banned by the Romans at the beginning of the 4th century after '''Theodosius I''' established Nicene Christianity as the official and, except for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism Judaism], only legal religion in the Roman Empire. He declared that Thaduracian Paganism, which by now had been dwindling In Europe for some years, was merely a cult, denouncing the Christian religion. Even though Thaduracia wasn’t part of the Roman Empire, he conceived the notion that it could once again infiltrate Roman society. (''The idea that the Thaduracians were merely a cult was of course ludicrous, since the population stood at around 300,000'')
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| By the mid [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_century 5th century], the Roman Empire had ceased to function and was dissolving rapidly, although Christianity survived. At the same time, the Thaduracian religion on the island was falling out of favour, since the previous king, '''d’Calba''' declared that, ''"the free will of the Thaduracian people was not so free if they were bound to one religion"''. Though he never laid any laws or constitutions over this, the people heeded his philosophy-albeit slowly! With this in mind, Christianity was beginning to spread across the face of Thaduracian Paganism, and they were beginning to see their religion as being 'outdated'. This was something that '''Curan''' made no attempt to change when he succeeded the throne; he desperately wanted to make friends in this new Europe, and saw '''d’Calba’s''' philosophy as a way to shaking hands with the new leaders of the deceased Roman Empire. In 523, he decreed that Thaduracian Paganism was indeed an 'outdated' religion for his countrymen, and no longer the force by which people should live their lives, citing that Thaduracia was now the only place left still practicing the religion, and that the only way to evolve as a race into a world that was changing rapidly, was, ''"to follow the path of Europe"''. Although he never officially banned it, the majority of Thaduracians followed his reasoning, with only a small faction carrying on with their paganistic beliefs. The following year, he went across to Europe and successfully re-opened trading with the Mediterranean, and forged new relations in England, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy] and Germany. The hemp trade became a major force once again in Thaduracia’s economy, and would eventually stretch up as far as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia Scandinavia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland Finland].
| | '''[[Dal'qörian Script|For more on the Dalcurian Script, click here]]''' |
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| During Curan’s 50-year reign, he managed to turn Thaduracia into an even more prosperous and modern land. He divided the island up into 7 provinces, each with their own provincial councils; all answering to a central government. He created Thaduracia’s first university, and each province had its own school. He kept [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax taxes] low, so as to allow those who worked the farms and hemp fields a 'decent' income, falling inline with his philosophy that Thaduracia should be a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_class classless soceity] (''though this didn't happen till many years later'').
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| In 550, he declared Thaduracian as the official language, and introduced formal and political elements. Up until now, the scribal writing system was still in use, but as Thaduracian became more highly developed, it became harder to utilise. In a move that proved to be as eccentric as Thadurac himself, Curan sought to revolutionize Thaduracia by announcing an alphabet reform, with the intention of creating a modern, unique alphabet. However, this was met with much distain among the provincial councils, citing that if any reform of the alphabet should take place, then it should simply be latinized. Curan’s persuasion was that, looking back over Thaduracian history, the spirit of the island and its people had always thrived on its individuality as a nation, and although during his reign had made many moves that had ultimately ‘de-individualised’ certain aspects of Thaduracian life, this was something that would retain original Thaduracian values and character. It would take a further 3 years of political bartering among the provinces before an agreement, and legislation was passed in 553. Curan promptly gave this task to his finest language scholars in the university, one of which was his son '''Ciaren''' ('''''Qæran'''''), who would eventually form an alphabet from '''Greek''' and '''Latin''' characters. Unfortunately, this move didn’t work out as Curan had anticipated. This new reform only managed to filter into political, religious and middle society (''middle society were those who ran business' and were employed by any agency under the control of the king, his respective councils and their divisions''). The rural society refused to use the new system, even after it had been introduced into education, and it wasn’t until Curan threatened (reluctantly) to raise taxes on livestock, that they relented. Rather inevitably, this would lead to non-standardized forms of the new system arising in small colloquial pockets in many rural villages.
| | <font color=#151B8D><span style="font-size: 16px">'''Qiöra qoÞ. Aca re bán? Binä, te intevönæÞ dis déalecti Dal’qöria, velcamör ela. DérÞ, diö descöbræ däáträdn qörabárämösel qve májä, niaságrämös, liläárämös,, ön salö ni ænÞal degérø dis oragéanámn tiÞöra-lintöni di vosérämös qve tiÞöra qedérÞas.<br/>Binä, öcra di épø taÞ diö icaÞr besöcér siÞ intevönæÞ, iquirquas qnáÞr diöra,, ön méla diö, máriÞ éanö qomenträmösel ödri qualtédrämösel, iquirquas é-mäl binöra,, ödri méla diö natindr éanö enörämösel,, taÞ binä gä’ábravaqur,, ön diö qönér,, taÞ diö nöacr önestár,, nes efragörädnas maqur taÞ dérÞ: ''dwhmusic32@yahoo.co.uk''''' |
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| When Curan I died in 562, his oldest son Ciaren became his successor. It was only during the first years of his reign that the new writing system, officially named as the '''Dalcurian''' alphabet, would infiltrate its way into all classes of Thaduracian society. But Thaduracians far and wide eventually came to realise the legacy of Curan, and the freedom and individuality that he had tried so hard to empower his people with.<br/>During Curan II reign, he continued to shape the modern society that his father had created, and at the end of his reign in 588, the island was renamed '''Dalcuria''' ('''''Dal’qöria''''') in recognition of Curan I legacy, although bizarrely, it would be some 100 years later before the language was officially termed '''Dal’qörian'''.
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| The Dalcurian of today is quite dissimilar to its ancestor, and typically it has undergone various spelling and pronunciation progressions. The biggest changes are, with the exception of the Halcarnian dialect, the loss of the noun and modal cases, and the most recent spelling reform in 1879, in which capitalisation was implemented at the beginning of sentences and the omission of the double full stop.<br/>The ancient nomadic writing system was also studied, revived and modernized by an agency set up by the Government in the mid 90's. The history of both the ancient script and the Dalcurian alphabet was introduced into education at the beginnig of 2000, and there are now many courses outside of school where people can learn how to write with them. In fact, there are even some societies who produce their letters in '''Dal'qöristræÞ''' and the Dalcurian alphabet.
| | <span style="font-size: 16px">'''Hi, and welcome to the Dalcurian language website. Here, you’ll find detailed descriptions of its grammar, pronunciation, style, and a basic history of its origins right up to its present day usage.<br/> I would like to thank you for taking the time to peruse this website, and if you would like to email me with any comments or questions, or if you notice any mistakes that you feel you could correct me on, then please feel free to do so at''' : ''''' [email protected]. uk''''' |
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| | Through my own experiences, I have purposely simplified the grammatical terminology in this article, and I have also included brief descriptions of grammatical words and expressions in each respective section. This is because I want newcomers to language study not to feel intimidated by heavy terminology and explanations. As I can remember when I first began to study German, I was very confused with 'intense grammatical explanations'. Of course, when studying or creating a language, one must have some understanding of grammar to begin with. However, for the above reasons I have, for the most part, written this article in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_English_Wikipedia simple English].<BR/>I should also state that most of the examples and references here are based in comparison to the English language. |
| ===='''Dal'qöriádn'''-Standard Dalcurian'''====
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| Standard Dalcurian is much more related in style and grammar to Indo-European and Germanic than Halcarnian, and is spoken by all Dalcurians in formal conditions. Normal word order is S-V-O, but this is governed by a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositions prepositional] rule; a prepositioned phrase will always immediately follow the subject (or a modal verb) eg: '''binä görøria'''-''I'm going out'', but, '''binä, ''máriÞ érenöra'', görøria'''-''I'm going out '''with them'''''. (Dalcurian ears are very sensitive to this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax syntactic] rule; forgetting this will make you easily recognisable as a non-Dalcurian). In fact, modern word order is quite rigid in comparison to the language spoken around Thaduracs time, through the gradual loss of a ''true objective case'' ([[true objective explanation|click here for an explanation]]). Modal verbs are present, but there are no [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxilliary_verbs auxiliaries] such as ''would, shall'' and ''will''-these are denoted from verbal suffixes (like Latin). Case wise there are 3: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_case subjective], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_case objective] (though not a true objective case) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_case possesive] (or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case genitive]). Technically, there is no ''dative'' case-this is rendered by use of the preposition ''to'' with the subjective pronoun (''considered 'lazy' by Dalcurian grammatarians'').
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| One major factor about the language is the absence of the present tense [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjugation conjugations] of the verb [http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/to_be.htm to be], and the simple, perfect and pluperfect tenses ''was/were, have/had been''. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_indicative#Indicative_mood present indicative] is ALWAYS indicated by the lack of any 'prefixual-inflection' to a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb verb], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb adverb] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective adjective]. Adverbs and adjectives have a unique tense that puts them into the past, denoting the use of ''was/were/have/had been''.
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| ===='''Hal'qánian'''-Eastern Dalcurian'''====
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| The eastern dialect, or officially '''Hal'qánian''', is for the most part, a spoken language, although unlike many dialects, it has a written standard. It is only written in a few of the Halcarnian villages, which reside on the valley slopes, in local publications such as announcements, some local newspapers, and is also used in personal letters and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email emails], though again, only within the Halcarnian borders. The Dalcurian alphabet also survived in the region, and is still used today; you can even see some restaraunt menu's written like this. (''In fact, there is a soceity in Halcarnia dedicated to reviving the old script and alphabet, and the Halcarnian provincial council endorse weekly lessons'').<br/> It's never used with tourists or, for the most part, Dalcurian's in general. The percentage of dialectal differences in the province stands at around 85% in Halcarnian favour.
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| There are no less than 12 noun cases (''derived from Finnish''), and word order can be varied due to the absence of the ''prepositional phrase rule'' as in standard Dalcurian. In fact, compared with standard Dalcurian, which is much more strict, Halcarnian word order is (''written and spoken'') a lot more unrestricted, and tends to be at the mercy of the speaker, although there is a trend to still follow a prepositional phrase rule (''the inflected noun acting as this'') in formal conditions. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronouns Pronouns] are also different, again being derived loosley from Finnish. Consider these examples:
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| Standard:<br/>'''Binä, máriÞ di parenöj qve binöra, te qaƒéj, göria'''. [[Media:shopswithdad.ogg|'''listen''']]
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| Halcarnian:<br/>'''Mina goria d'kaƒijle parenojne'''. OR ''' Kaƒijle parenojne mina goria''' (''for emphasis'') [[Media:Shopswithdad_halcarnian.ogg|'''listen''']]
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| Note: the '''d'''' is a ''proclitic'' meaning ''the''.
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| Both read: ''I am going to the shop with my father''.
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| Note: One must be careful when translating from Halcarnian to standard: '''minä''' in standard means ''one/you'' as in ''you never know'' or ''one can never tell these days''. A mistranslation of the example above would be ''one is going to the shop with a father'' (''a father'' since Halcarnian does not use possessive structure when refering to their own kith and kin)
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| ====='''Orgéanámn qve Hal'qánian-Halcarnian origins'''=====
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| During King d’Qalba’s reign, 465-512, nomadic pagans from Finland began arriving on the island. At first they were merchants and fishermen-extremely good fishermen, but over the next few decades many hundreds more would come to join them in the port town of Halcarnia. These fins became prolific merchants in the area, which helped the economy thrive. It’s from this era that the Halcarnian dialect was born.
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| The Finns became a strong inhabitational force in Halcarnia, although the province was still under the control of Dalcurian policy (''a policy that included all foreigners having to learn the national language''). This didn’t seem to pose any real threat to the Dalcurians at that time, and a healthy relationship between Dalcurians and the newly termed '''Finno-dalcurians''' developed. Over the next few centuries, Halcarnia became a stronghold for Finnish tradesmen, and a small Finno-dalcurian dialect emerged; the language becoming inflected with many Finnish grammatical traits, though this was kept strictly to a colloquial level.<br/>By the time the beginning of the 16th century arrived, Halcarnia was being run almost as a seperate entity from the rest of Dalcuria, by a majority Finno-Dalcurian council. At this time, it was led by Albert Hælgasson, a power hungry Finnish-Dalcurian who had become a dominant and manipulating provincial leader, and after falling foul of the Dalcurian Central Government over corruption claims, he rallied support from the Halcarnian population and led a revolt against them. This led to fighting which caused a huge division between Halcarnians and Dalcurians, which ultimately led to Hælgasson closing the Halcarnian borders. The Central Government responded by sending troops to force out the Halcarnian council, but were met by a determined defence force created by Hælgasson who had brought over a group of Scandinavian mercinaries. This left the Central Government no choice but to cut all ties with Halcarnia. Around this time, Halcarnia's port was the major trading artery and economic life suport to the rest of the island, and although not the only port on the island, this posed serious consequences for the rest of the island. However, due to its strong political ties with England, Dalcuria began to claw back its economical strength, and gradually began syphoning off Halcarnian trade back into its own borders. This alienanted Halcarnia even further, both politically and economically, and Halcarnians suffered for many many years with poverty.<br/>It's throughout these years that the dialect took on many new Finnish traits, since Fins were still migrating to, and running the province, gradually stabalising the area into an organised soceity once again, although it never fully recovered. As the population grew, this dialect would eventually cover the face of the now minority standard Dalcurian spoken in the province, and became so prominent that it had to be introduced into education, in which a written standard was formulated. However, towards the end of the 18th century, a few years after the '''**Dalcurian/Halcarnian Unification Treaty''' in 1876, the use of standard Dalcurian was made law in all aspects of business, trade, education and literacy, demoting Finno-dalcurian (''which by now had officially been named as Halcarnian'') back to being a spoken dialect.<br/>However, this dialect survived in colloquial speech, and in the suburban and woodland villages, continued to be the norm for its inhabitants, although over the last 100 years or so, much of the dialect has become somewhat 'Dalcuranized' once again.
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| Today, Halcarnian is still the majority dialect of the province, and although after many requests by the Halcarnian population, the Central Government refuses to give it status as an 'official language' (''mainly due to the fact that Halcarnian shares over 95 percent Dalcurian vocabulary'').<br/><br/>'''**'''This [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty Treaty] involved the Dalcurian Central Government offering to intergrate Halcarnia back into its territory, thus giving vital economical stability back to the Province. However, this was subject to the Halcarnian Provincial Council being dissolved and provincial power being placed back in control of the Central Government. This was flatley refused by the Provincial Council who obviously had too much to lose by relinquishing power. However, Halcarnia had become a soceity of class division and there were many [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants peasants] and lower class workers who felt that this was too good an opportunity to miss. This created unrest and extra animosity between the lower classes and the Provincial Council, which evolved into fighting and greater divisions between the classes. Eventually, at the threat of being overthrown, the Provincial Council saw no choice but to relent and enter into the treaty. (''Unbeknown to the higher Halcarnian classes, this uprising was actually instigated by the Dalcurian Central Government under the promise of a more equal soceity; like that of Dalcuria''). The Halcarnian borders were re-opened and the Province fell back into Central Government control (''Halcarnia's council positions were 'revised' and many kept their jobs or were placed in other areas '').<br/>Halcarnia, now stripped of provincial status, was ruled this way for another 80 years or so, until 1957, in which it was given back provincial status and placed under rule of a newly created Provincial Council.
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| For more on Halcarnian grammar [[Halcánian dialect|'''click here''']].
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| =='''Paliestrijel qve logöiel, máriÞ ecöndrämös-Sample texts with audio'''== | | =='''Sub categories'''== |
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| [[Media:Ela_mantabel.ogg|'''HEAR THIS TEXT''']] | | ===[[Dalcurian language and basic history|Dalcurian language and basic history]]=== |
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| [[Image:Ela_mantab_16.jpg]] [[Image:Ela_mantab_current.jpg]] | | ===[[Dalcurian alphabet and pronunciation|Dalcurian alphabet and pronunciation]]=== |
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| The first text above is typical of the printing style and spelling of around the 16th century (''see the example below''). In formal texts, diacritics were'nt used, therefore words were spelled differently. The second text is it's modern counterpart. Both read:
| | ===[[dal'qörian adjectives|Adjectives]]=== |
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| '''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.<br/>They should be endowed with reason and conscience,<br/>and act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood'''. (''1st article of the '''''Declaration of Human Rights'''''). | | ===[[dal'qörian adverbs|Adverbs]]=== |
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| '''The Lord's Prayer''' [[Media:lordsprayer.ogg|'''LISTEN TO 'THE LORDS PRAYER'''']]
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| [[Image:lords_prayer.jpg]] | | ===[[dal'qörian prepositions|Prepositions]]=== |
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| Below is a well kept example of a 16th century wedding announcement. This would have been to announce the intention of marriage by someone who worked in the royal council. It would have been displayed in notice boards in and around the royal courts and offices. It's main purpose was to bring forward anyone who had reason to be against the marriage. It translates as follows:
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| ''King Caduc VIII<br/>Announcement of Marriage:<br/>Here is found the proposal of marriage between Lathinian Gath & Amareta Cusel.<br/>The event be on the day 14th January 1634. If there exists a person who has reason against the marriage,<br/>then they must come forth before the above day and stand before the King's Council.<br/>May God bless this marriage with virtue.'' | | ===[[Dal'qörian nouns|Nouns]]=== |
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| [[Image:16_wed_prop.jpg]] | | ===[[Dal'qörian Cases|Case]]=== |
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| =='''Liläárämös-Style'''== | | ===[[Dal'qörian pronouns|Pronouns]]=== |
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| Dalcurian is a 'rhotic' language; the letter 'r' is pronounced after every vowel. It's pronounciation is very deliberate. In fact, by and large, Dalcurian is quite formal-largely due to the lack of idiomatic [http://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.html phrasal verbs]. There is also no 'slang' form, although there is a small colloquial element to it. | | ===[[Dalcurian punctuation|Punctuation]]=== |
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| =='''Ödenædrädn æÞömára,, ön niaságrämös-Modern alphabet and pronunciation'''== | | ===[[Dal'qörian Telling the time|Time]]=== |
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| {| border="1"
| | ===[[Dal'qörian numbers|Numbers]]=== |
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| ! letter !! letter name !! pronunciation (with '''IPA''')
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| ! a
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| | al || (æ) as in ''cat''
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| |-
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| ! b
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| | bri || (b) as in ''bat''
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| |-
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| ! c
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| | ca || (k) as in ''cat''
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| |-
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| ! d
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| | da || (ɗ) as in ''day''
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| |-
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| ! e
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| | era || (ɛ) as in ''end''
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| |-
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| ! f
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| | ƒe || (f) as in ''fall''
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| |-
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| ! g
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| | géø || (g) ''see special pronounciation''
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| |-
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| ! h
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| | hal || (h) as in ''hat''
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| |-
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| ! i
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| | il || (ɪ) as in ''kill''
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| |-
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| ! j
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| | öja || (ʒ) like the s in ''television''
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| ! l
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| | lá || (l) as in ''like''
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| ! m
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| | ma || (m) as in ''man''
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| |-
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| ! n
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| | na || (n) as in ''not''
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| |-
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| ! o
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| | ol || (ɒ) as in ''top''
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| |-
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| ! p
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| | pä || (p) as in ''pat''
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| ! q
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| | qöc || (k) as in ''kick''
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| ! qu
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| | q'qöa || as in ''quick''
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| ! r
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| | ræ || (ɹ) ''see special pronunciation''
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| ! s
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| | siri || (s) as in ''sit''
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| ! t
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| | tø || (t) as in ''take''
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| ! v
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| | vála || (v) as in ''van''
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| ! x
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| | séca || (ks) as in ''wax''
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| ! y
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| | yenta || (waɪ) as in the whole word ''why''
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| ! z
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| | tsi || (ts) as in ''sets'' (like the German ''z'')
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| |}
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| '''special vowels and characters''' | | =='''Miscellaneous word and phrase lists'''== |
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| {| border="1"
| | ====[[Dal'qörian colours|Colours]]==== |
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| | ====[[dal'qörian days/months/seasons|Days/months/seasons]]==== |
| ! letter !! letter name !! pronunciation
| | ====[[dal'qörian describing people|Describing people]]==== |
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| | ====[[dal'qörian countries|Names of Countries]]==== |
| ! ä
| | ====[[Dalcurian hello/goodbye please/thankyou|Hello/goodbye Please/thankyou]]==== |
| | äli || (eɪ) as in 'ey' in ''they'' (see also special pronunciation)
| | ====[[Dalcurian intensifiers|Intensifiers]]==== |
| |- | | ====[http://docs.google.com/View?id=dmh9tc5_92r9dbhhr English Dalcurian Dictionary]==== |
| ! á
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| | áli || (a:) long as in ''bar''
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| ! é
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| | éga || (i:) long as in ''feel''
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| ! ö
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| | öli || (u) long as in ''cool''
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| ! ø
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| | ø || like the ''och'' in the German ''doch'' | |
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| ! æ
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| | æ || (aɪ) as in the 'i' in ''find''
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| ! Þ
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| | eÞ || (ɵ) ''th'' as in ''bath'' but not in ''the''
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| ! ß
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| | alv || (v) as in ''have''; replaces ''v'' after a vowel but only formal literacy
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| |}
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| ===='''Spetsialárädn niaságrämösel-Special pronunciations'''==== | |
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| '''g''' is pronounced hard at the beginning and middle of a word, like '''g''' in ''get/forget'' but soft at the end of a word, like '''g''' in the German word ''swanzig''.<br/>'''r''' is an ''alveolar trill''. Its place of articulation is alveolar which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (or just behind the top teeth). It can be likened to the way in which a Scottish person with a strong accent would say ''great, straight, road'', etc.<br/>'''ä''' is pronounced like the ey in ''they''. However, at the end of a word, or where it is separated by a high apostrophe, it is pronounced ''ey ya'' (ipa: eɪ-j-æ).<br/>'''q''' on its own is only found at the beginning of a word, including words that are separated by a high apostrophe, as in ''dal’qörian'' or ''qatáj''-cat, and is always pronounced like an English '''k'''.<br/>'''c''' only appears in the middle or end of a word such as '''qurvecsár'''-''to annoy'' and '''dörac'''-''through'', and is sounded like an English hard ''c''.<br/>'''x''' is used only to denote a negative word and attaches to the end of a verb. (see ''verbs'' and ''negatives'')<br/>'''z''' is only used in loan words, and pronounced the same as the ''ts'' in the word ''sets'', much like the German ''''z'''.
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| '''Mutation'''
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| '''eÞ''' is muted when a following word begins with '''d''', and pronounced as a '''d''' (or a '''t''' depending on dialect) when preceeding words beginning with '''r''', for example:
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| '''TiÞ disiri strömi''' ''It's very hot'' would be pronounced: | | ====Links:==== |
| | [http://www.omniglot.com '''Omniglot'''] |
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| '''Ti-disiri strömi'''.
| | [[Websites in Dalcurian|Various webpages in Dalcurian]] |
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| '''MáriÞ reÞæsámn'''-''with reason'', would be pronounced:
| | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
| | [[Category:Dalcurian]] |
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| '''má-i-d reÞæsámn'''. (see below for '''r''' mutation)
| | {{Dalcurian}} |
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| The rhoticisity of the language also forces mutation of the '''r''' in many word combinations. A good example of this is the line: '''Érenöra Þöldr, máriÞ reÞæsámn ön qvésänámn, qväombr''' (from the 1st article of the declaration of human rights-see example above). Where there are 2 words that both end in the '''r''' sound, the first '''r''' is mutated, so '''Érenöra Þöldr''' becomes '''Érenö-a Þöldr'''. The following '''máriÞ''' looses its '''r''' as a result of the word '''reÞæsámn'''
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| As well as being a 'rhotic' lanuage, Dalcurian is also PHONETIC; its spoken exactly as it is written. Once you have learned to pronounce the letters, speaking and reading dal'qörian should be relatively easy. For example, ''Dal'qörian'' is pronounced ''dal-koo-ree-yan''. Here are a few more examples, in syllabic form, to give you a flavour of how words sound:
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| {| border="1"
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| ! dal'qörian !! meaning !! phonetic pronunciation
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| ! strömi
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| | hot || stroo-mi
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| ! binä
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| | I/Iam || bin-Aya
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| ! stæcnáÞrädn
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| | thankless || sty-kun-arth-rey-dun
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| ! ädiáda
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| | yesterday || ey-dee-ar-da
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| ! yenø
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| | immense || why-en-och
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| ! ødérämös
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| | steadiness || och-dee-rey-mooss
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| ! qsendaréø
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| | scenario || ku-send-a-ree-och
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| ! embáragadöraj
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| | puppy || em-bar-ra-gad-oo-raj
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| ! siagentöj
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| | aunty || see-a-gent-ooj
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| |}
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| =='''Gerödn vatembrämös qve májä-Grammar sub categories'''==
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| ===[[dal'qörian adjectives|Qörabvörtel-Adjectives]]===
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| ===[[dal'qörian adverbs|Vitimaquvörtel-Adverbs]]===
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| ===[[dal'qörian verbs|Maquvörtel-Verbs]]===
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| ===[[dal'qörian prepositions|Nönavörtel-Prepositions]]===
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| ===[[Dal'qörian nouns|Nönel-Nouns]]===
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| ===[[Dal'qörian Cases|Qasösel-Case system]]===
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| ===[[Dal'qörian pronouns|Peliacrnönel-Pronouns]]===
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| ===[[Dal'qörian Telling the time|Épø-Time]]===
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| ===[[Dal'qörian numbers|Nömbérämösel-Numbers]]===
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| =='''Miscellaneous word lists'''==
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| ====[[Dal'qörian colours|Colours]]====
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| ====[[dal'qörian days/months/seasons|days/months/seasons]]====
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| ====[[dal'qörian describing people|describing people]]====
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| ====[[dal'qörian countries|Names of Countries]]====
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