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| == '''Overview''' == | | {{Infobox|name=Dal’qörian|pronounce=ɗælkuɹi:jæn (Eng: Dalcurian)<br>[[Media:Dalcurian.ogg|hear pronunciation]]|tu=Present|species=Human|in=[[Dalcuria]] |no=over 3 million|script=Latin alphabet<br>(Dalcurian variant)|tree= [[Thaduracian|Thaduracian]]<br> [[Proto-Dalcurian|Proto-Dalcurian]]<br> [[Old Dalcurian|Old Dalcurian]]<br> Middle Dalcurian<br> Modern Dalcurian|morph=Analytic (standard)<br/> Semi-synthetic (Halcarnian)|ms=Nominative-Accusative (pronouns only)|wo=SVO/SOV|creator=Dayle Hill|date= 2003-ongoing}} |
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| First of all, through my own experiences, I have purposely used only basic grammar terminology in this article, and I have also included brief descriptions of grammatical words and expressions in each respective sections. This is because I want newcomers to language study not to feel intimidated by heavy terminology and explanations. As I can remember when I first began to study German, I was very confused with 'intense, grammatical explanations'. Of course, when studying or creating a language, one must have some understanding of grammar to begin with, however, for the above reasons I have written this article in simple English.<BR/>I should also state that most of the examples and references here are based in comparison to the English language.
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| ===The dal'qörian language and basic history===
| | [[Image:Welcome note in dalscript.jpg]] |
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| dal'qörian (pronounced: ''dal-koo-ree-yan'') is the language of dal'qöria-a small group of islands approx 300 miles south-westerly off the southwest coast of Ireland, the main island roughly the size of Cornwall in southwest England. It's basic style is Indo-European, with strong influences from ''English, German, Welsh, Cornish'' and ''Latin''. When spoken, it actually sounds like a hybrid of Romance and eastern European languages. There are 2 dialects to the language: modern/standard dal'qörian or ''dal'qöriádan'', and Eastern dal'qörian, spelled ''dal'qöréan''. The latter has a different case system, including a ''modal, ablative'' and an ''abessive'' case, plus there are a few spelling and grammatical differences (with the adjective-preposition rule). This is only spoken around the eastern coastal areas and in the north east valley region. However, very recently dal'qörian youth (mainly teenagers) seemed to have adopted it as their 'everyday speak'. Ironically, modern dal'qörian actually sounds slightly archaic by comparison, but is the most widely spoken and used in formal contexts. Both are understood by all dal'qörians but are not interchangeable.
| | '''[[Dal'qörian Script|For more on the Dalcurian Script, click here]]''' |
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| Dal'qörian has 3 alphabets. Modern day standard and western dal'qörian both use the latin alphabet-especially since English and German have been the second languages for over 200 years. But up until around this time, it used the Cadoc writing system; a system devised by Dalin Cadoc of Cornwall in the 11th century. The original alphabet was a script of no known origin, and not seen anywhere else in the world apart from the islands. Cadoc, who was related to King henry III, was himself a wealthy hemp magnate and took over the islands with relative ease in 1145, in order to extend his empire and to cultivate massive hemp fields. At that time the islands inhabitants numbered around 10,000, and were of Gothic descent. Cadoc was generous to these people, giving them work and building them better homes and towns, sanitation, law and order and education. He also drove out bad Lords and Barons who ruled with an iron fist, creating poverty and fear among their people. The language at that time was almost unique to dal'qöria, and although there is still ambiguity as to its origins, Cadoc's own studies revealed that the first people on the islands were a group of persecuted Goths and Anglo-saxons (and possibly some Celts, though this cannot be substantiated) and the language had developed in an attemt at isolating themselves from the rest of Europe. This included the creation of the old dal'qörian script.<br/>By the time Cadoc took over the islands, dal'qörian had undergone a significent change from its early origins, and had become influenced by Old English, Low German and Latin-thought to have stemmed from an exodus by Europeans years before. These were mainly land owners and Barons seeking new worlds to extend their trades, thus making it easier for them to avoid invasions and piliging from rival factions and clans. However, most of them failed to leave behind anywhere near the legacy that Cadoc did<br/>Cadoc was himself a linguist, as was his father, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, (who was the brother of King Henry III), and was fluent in German, Welsh, Cornish and Latin. But he hated the writing system, and so created a new alphabet based on Old English, Gothic, Latin and arbitrarily invented characters (although out of respect, he decided to take grammatical influences from it which became a large feature of the new writing system). By decree, he banned the old script and ordered the dal'qörians to learn the new alphabet (he graciously set up an education programme for this), and within 3 years it was fully functional. Over the next 30 years, during Cadoc's reign, the language was modified through his own influence, and his successors continued refining the language. Over the next 600 years or so, dal'qörian continued to be influenced by migrators from all over Europe.<br/>This is where Eastern dal'qörian was developed. These were the fishing villages and ports and there were a lot of traders in and around these parts. Whislt under regional control around the mid 1600's, Governor [[Albert Hælgasson|Albert Hælgasson]], a Finnish politician who was enticed to dal'qöria by a group of Finnish traders (relatives in fact, who had strong influences with the councillors of the Eastern province) developed plans to introduce elements from his native tongue into the language. At this time, dal'qöria was divided up into 7 provinces-each under the control of a council, which in turn would be monitored by a central parliament. Hælgasson had done good things to the eastern trading province (Halcánia) and had made this area very wealthy and turned the ports from small fishing villages into large trading towns, thus increasing dal'qörias wealth from a greater trade in its hemp produce. He was held in high regard among his peers in the capital and, to a large extent, ran the province under his own legislations rather than tose set out by the central government-which held ultimate control over the country. On occassions, a blind eye was turned, allowing him to 'favour' Finnish traders and their families with money from the Provincial treasury. Since he was a Province leader, he was also able to influence education. He used this 'control' to introduce a language curriculum-one which gave rise to 8 'new cases'! His explanation for this was that he wanted to clean up what he considered to be a 'sloppy, lithargic' language to be used in a formal or business sense; he wanted to create formal speech. Up until now, many words from latin and English were being used in formal contexts, but grammatically it was still as it had been for hundreds of years. Hælgasson, at this point, was on a power trip and saw himself (or more to the point, wanted himself to be) a highly influential and revered person among his constiuants. Being good at running the province wasn't enough for him-he wanted to leave behind his own legacy-just as Cadoc had done 500 years before.<br/>The Central Government wan't hugely in favour of his Speech reform, but as a highly regarded leader, they allowed the curriculum through. However, the other Provinces rejected this, citing that it was against old dal'qörian constitution, and since each Province retained the right to oversee its own education, sharply vetoed the idea. Hælgasson went ahead, and legislated his proposal in 1687. Business documents and many other literary sources quickly adopted the use of the new case system, and the use of prepositions faded away. Within 10 years, this new case system had crossed the barriers of formal writing and speech into everyday language. But this never extended beyond the borders of the eastern province. Such was the case in those days, that the province was, to a small extent, isolated from its main neighbouring province of Qalmánia by way of a long and deep valley. Traders and merchants from the other provinces used to travel to the Halcánian trading posts on the ridges of the valley to do business on behalf of the towns and villages, and special envoys were sent from the capital to deal with its affairs there. It was rare for the common people to venture across the valley. Due to this, this new inflection on the language failed to reach the rest of dal'qöria, although the traders themselves became fluent-they had too; most of the Halcánian merchants were Finnish and were quick to adopt thier leaders influence.<br/>By this time, Halcánia had become more isolated from the inland, as had Hælgasson from parliament. The people there much prefered his rule, and had become pretentious and greedy. At around 1700, Halcánia became autonamous, after Hælgasson threatened to shut the provincial borders thus cutting off vital trade routes, unless the government gave him complete power over the province-something which was fully supported by the Halcánians themselves. The government was powerless to do anything at this time because the economy was good and it feared that taking back Halcánia by force would throw the country into turmoil. However, it insisted that, if this is what Hælgasson wanted, it would cease education funds to the province (although at this time the provinces contoled thier own education system, funding still came from the government). But to Hælgassons credit, although he and his council effectively had total control over dal'qörian trade, (including the introduction of new taxes in respect of trade control-something which made the government feel they were being held to ransom), the country didn't suffer. However, this autonomy created a deep hatred among the rest of dal'qöria towards the Halcánians.<br/>Unfortunately, what Hælgasson hadn't banked on was the governments close ties with England, (and a hidden hatred among the politicians against him), and after building a new port in the north of the island a few years later, began trading independantly of Halcánia. Gradually, trade from the eastern ports ground to a halt; Halcánia was now only trading for its own needs. As the provinces wealth declined, education and health began to suffer, and faith in Hælgassons council began to wain. Swallowing his pride and in fear of being thrown fom his position, he sent a consortium to the capital to ask for help, agreeing to drop the trade tax if the government would open up the trade routes again. But the consortium wasn't even granted a meeting and were uncerimoniously threw out of the capital (at one point almost being lynched-such now was the hatred for the Halcárnians).
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| '''ela mantábel, am gravætas ön jerandel, nämambr eƒragörädn ön equahörädn.'''<br/>'''éren Þöldr, máriÞ resæÞámn ön qevésenámn, néba qväombr,, ön, máriÞ ela, am perös qve beröjelperös, agöentr.''' | | <font color=#151B8D><span style="font-size: 16px">''' Qiöra qoÞ. Aca re bán? Binä, te intevönæÞ dis déalecti Dal’qöria, velcamör ela . DérÞ, diö descöbræ däáträdn qörabárämösel qve májä, niaságrämös, liläárämös,, ön salö ni ænÞal degérø dis oragéanámn tiÞöra-lintöni di vosérämös qve tiÞöra qedérÞas.<br/> Binä, öcra di épø taÞ diö icaÞr besöcér siÞ intevönæÞ, iquirquas qnáÞr diöra,, ön méla diö, máriÞ éanö qomenträmösel ödri qualtédrämösel, iquirquas é-mäl binöra,, ödri méla diö natindr éanö enörämösel,, taÞ binä gä’ábravaqur,, ön diö qönér,, taÞ diö nöacr önestár,, nes efragörädnas maqur taÞ dérÞ: ''[email protected]. uk''''' |
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| ''All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''<br/>''They should be endowed with reason and conscience and act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.''
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| '''Style''' | | <span style="font-size: 16px">''' Hi, and welcome to the Dalcurian language website. Here, you’ll find detailed descriptions of its grammar, pronunciation, style, and a basic history of its origins right up to its present day usage.<br/>I would like to thank you for taking the time to peruse this website, and if you would like to email me with any comments or questions, or if you notice any mistakes that you feel you could correct me on, then please feel free to do so at''' : '''''[email protected]''''' |
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| | Through my own experiences, I have purposely simplified the grammatical terminology in this article, and I have also included brief descriptions of grammatical words and expressions in each respective section. This is because I want newcomers to language study not to feel intimidated by heavy terminology and explanations. As I can remember when I first began to study German, I was very confused with 'intense grammatical explanations'. Of course, when studying or creating a language, one must have some understanding of grammar to begin with. However, for the above reasons I have, for the most part, written this article in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_English_Wikipedia simple English].<BR/>I should also state that most of the examples and references here are based in comparison to the English language. |
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| dal'qörian is a 'rhotic' language; the letter 'r' is pronounced after every vowel. It's pronounciation is very deliberate. In fact, by and large, dal'qörian is quite formal-largely due to the lack of idiomatic [[en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasal_verbs|phrasal verbs]]. There is also no 'slang' form, although there is a small colloquial element to it.
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| == '''Alphabet and pronunciation''' == | | ===[[Dalcurian language and basic history|Dalcurian language and basic history]]=== |
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| {| border="1"
| | ===[[Dalcurian alphabet and pronunciation|Dalcurian alphabet and pronunciation]]=== |
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| ! letter !! letter name !! pronunciation
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| ! a
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| | al || as in cat
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| |-
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| ! b
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| | bri || as in bat
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| ! c
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| | ca || as in cat
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| ! d
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| | da || as in day
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| ! e
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| | era || as in end
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| ! f
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| | ƒe || as in fall
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| ! g
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| | géø || ''see special pronounciation''
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| ! h
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| | hal || as in hat
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| ! i
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| | il || as in kill
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| ! j
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| | öja || as in the French name ''Jean''
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| ! l
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| | lá || as in like
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| ! m
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| | ma || as in man
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| ! n
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| | na || as in not
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| ! o
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| | ol || as in top
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| ! p
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| | pä || as in pat
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| ! q
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| | qöc || as in 'k' in kick
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| ! qu
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| | q'qöa || as in quick
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| ! r
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| | ræ || ''see special pronunciation''
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| ! s
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| | siri || as in sit
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| ! t
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| | tø || as in take
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| ! v
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| | vála || as in van
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| ! x
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| | séca || as in wax
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| |-
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| ! y
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| | yenta || ''see special pronounciation''
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| |}
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| '''special vowels and characters''' | | ===[[dal'qörian adjectives|Adjectives]]=== |
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| | ===[[dal'qörian adverbs|Adverbs]]=== |
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| ! letter !! letter name !! pronunciation
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| ! ä
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| | äli || as in 'ey' in they (see also special pronunciation)
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| ! á
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| | áli || long as in bar
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| ! é
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| | éga || long as in feel
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| ! ö
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| | öli || long as in cool
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| ! ø
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| | ø || as in German doch
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| ! æ
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| | æ || as in the 'i' in find
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| ! Þ
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| | eÞ || th as in bath but not in the
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| |}
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| ===='''special pronunciations'''==== | | ===[[dal'qörian verbs|Verbs]]=== |
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| '''g''' is pronounced hard at the beginning and middle of a word, like g in ''get'' but soft at the end of a word,like g in the German word ''swanzig''.<br/>'''r''' is an ''alveolar trill''. Its place of articulation is alveolar which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (or just behind the top teeth). It can be likened to the way in which a Scottish person with a strong accent would say ''great, straight, road'', etc.<br/>'''ä''' is pronounced like the ey in ''they''. However, at the end of a word, or where it is separated by a high apostrophe, it is pronounced 'ey ya'.<br/>'''y''' is always pronounced as the English upper case 'y'.<br/>'''q''' on its own is only found at the beginning of a word, including words that are separated by a high apostrophe, as in ''dal’qörian'' or ''qatáj''-cat, and is always pronounced like an English 'k'.<br/>'''c''' only appears in the middle or end of a word such as ''qurvecsár''-to annoy and ''dörac''-through, and is sounded like an English hard 'c'.<br/>'''x''' is used only to denote a negative word and attaches to the end of a verb. (see ''verbs'' and ''negatives'') | | ===[[dal'qörian prepositions|Prepositions]]=== |
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| As well as being a 'rhotic' lanuage, dal'qörian is also PHONETIC; its spoken exactly as it is written. Once you have learned to pronounce the letters, speaking and reading dal'qörian should be relatively easy. For example, ''dal'qörian'' is pronounced ''dal-koo-ree-yan''. Here are a few more examples, in syllabic form, to give you a flavour of how words sound:
| | ===[[Dal'qörian negatives|Negatives]]=== |
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| | ===[[Dal'qörian nouns|Nouns]]=== |
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| ! dal'qörian !! meaning !! phonetic pronunciation
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| ! strömi
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| | hot || stroo-mi
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| ! binä
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| | I/Iam || bin-Aya
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| ! stæcnáÞrädn
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| | thankless || sty-kun-arth-rey-dun
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| ! ädiáda
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| | yesterday || ey-dee-ar-da
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| ! yenø
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| | immense || why-en-och
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| ! ødérämös
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| | steadiness || och-dee-rey-mooss
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| ! qsendaréø
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| | scenario || ku-send-a-ree-och
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| ! embáragadöraj
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| | puppy || em-bar-ra-gad-oo-raj
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| ! siagentöj
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| | aunty || see-a-gent-ooj
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| |}
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| =='''Grammar sub categories'''== | | ===[[Dal'qörian Cases|Case]]=== |
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| ===[[dal'qörian adjectives|Adjectives]]=== | | ===[[Dal'qörian pronouns|Pronouns]]=== |
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| ===[[dal'qörian adverbs|Adverbs]]=== | | ===[[Dalcurian punctuation|Punctuation]]=== |
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| ===[[dal'qörian verbs|Verbs]]=== | | ===[[Dal'qörian Telling the time|Time]]=== |
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| ===[[dal'qörian prepositions|Prepositions]]=== | | ===[[Dal'qörian numbers|Numbers]]=== |
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| ===[[Dal'qörian Telling the time|Telling the time]]=== | | =='''Miscellaneous word and phrase lists'''== |
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| ===[[Dal'qörian nouns|Nouns]]=== | | ====[[Dal'qörian colours|Colours]]==== |
| | ====[[dal'qörian days/months/seasons|Days/months/seasons]]==== |
| | ====[[dal'qörian describing people|Describing people]]==== |
| | ====[[dal'qörian countries|Names of Countries]]==== |
| | ====[[Dalcurian hello/goodbye please/thankyou|Hello/goodbye Please/thankyou]]==== |
| | ====[[Dalcurian intensifiers|Intensifiers]]==== |
| | ====[http://docs.google.com/View?id=dmh9tc5_92r9dbhhr English Dalcurian Dictionary]==== |
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| ===[[Dal'qörian numbers|Numbers]]=== | | ====Links:==== |
| | [http://www.omniglot.com '''Omniglot'''] |
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| ===[[Dal'qörian Cases|Case system]]===
| | [[Websites in Dalcurian|Various webpages in Dalcurian]] |
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| ===[[Dal'qörian pronouns|Pronouns]]===
| | [[Category:Conlangs]] |
| | [[Category:Dalcurian]] |
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| =='''Miscellaneous word lists'''==
| | {{Dalcurian}} |
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| ====[[Dal'qörian colours|Colours]]====
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| ====[[dal'qörian days/months/seasons|days/months/seasons]]====
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| ====[[dal'qörian describing people|describing people]]====
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