Dravindian: Difference between revisions
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== Anthropology == | == Anthropology == | ||
Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu, Gondi, and Proto-Dravidian. | Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu, Gondi, and Proto-Dravidian. | ||
* 8 cases | |||
* 3 genders | |||
* clusivity | |||
* agglutinative | |||
* 5 vowels ... nasal? | |||
* gemination | |||
* n-a | |||
* tu-vous | |||
* negative on verbs | |||
* polar q on verb | |||
* SOV | |||
* voiced and unvoiced, no aspirated or creaky | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;" | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 27: | Line 41: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unvoiced | ! Unvoiced | ||
| /p/ ๐ง || /t/ ๐ข || /ส/ ๐ || /c/ ๐ || /k/ ๐ | | /p/ ๐ง || /t/ ๐ข || /ส/ ๐ || /tอกษ~tอกส~c/ ๐ || /k/ ๐ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| /b/ ๐ฉ || /d/ ๐ค || /ษ/ ๐ || /ษ/ ๐ || /g/ ๐ | | /b/ ๐ฉ || /d/ ๐ค || /ษ/ ๐ || /dอกส~ษ/ ๐ || /g/ ๐ | ||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| /f~v~ส/ ๐ฏ || /s~z/ ๐ฒ || /ส/ ๐ฑ || /ษ/ ๐ฐ || /h/ ๐ณ | |||
|- | |||
! Lateral | |||
| || /l/ ๐ฎ || /ษญ/ ๐ด || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximant | |||
| || /r/ ๐ญ || /ษป/ ๐ถ || /j/ ๐ฌ || | |||
|} | |||
There are two more series for Indian/Hindi/Sanskrit loanwords, but they are not "native" | |||
{| border="1" | |||
! Aspirated | ! Aspirated | ||
| /pสฐ/ ๐จ || /tสฐ/ ๐ฃ || /สสฐ/ ๐ || /cสฐ/ ๐ || /kสฐ/ ๐ | | /pสฐ/ ๐จ || /tสฐ/ ๐ฃ || /สสฐ/ ๐ || /cสฐ/ ๐ || /kสฐ/ ๐ | ||
| Line 37: | Line 64: | ||
! Breathy | ! Breathy | ||
| /bสฐ/ ๐ช || /dสฐ/ ๐ฅ || /ษสฐ/ ๐ || /ษสฐ/ ๐ || /gสฐ/ ๐ | | /bสฐ/ ๐ช || /dสฐ/ ๐ฅ || /ษสฐ/ ๐ || /ษสฐ/ ๐ || /gสฐ/ ๐ | ||
|} | |||
=== Vowels === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! !! Front Short !! Front Long !! Back Short !! Back Long | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! High | ||
| / | | /i/ ๐ || /iห// ๐ || /u/ ๐ || /uห/ ๐ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mid | ||
| || / | | /e/ ๐ || /eห// ๐๐ณ || /o/ ๐ || /oห/ ๐๐ฐ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Low | ||
| || | | || || /a/ ๐
|| /aห/ ๐ | ||
|} | |} | ||
CVN is the maximum syllable. Any consonant can geminate, which does not add to the previous coda. | |||
== Morphology == | |||
{{Universal Language}} | {{Universal Language}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 1 March 2025
Dravindian is a Universal Language for Dravidian languages of southeast India.
| ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐๐ซ๐ป [bra.mi] | |
| Timeline/Universe | Universal Language |
| Period | Future Utopia |
| Spoken in | South India |
| Total speakers | 230 million |
| Writing system | Brahmi |
| Classification | Proto-Dravidian |
| Typology | |
| Basic word order | SOV |
| Morphology | Fusional |
| Alignment | N-A |
| Credits | |
| Created by | User:Aquatiki |
Anthropology
Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu, Gondi, and Proto-Dravidian.
- 8 cases
- 3 genders
- clusivity
- agglutinative
- 5 vowels ... nasal?
- gemination
- n-a
- tu-vous
- negative on verbs
- polar q on verb
- SOV
- voiced and unvoiced, no aspirated or creaky
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ ๐ซ | /n/ ๐ฆ | /ษณ/ ๐ก | /ษฒ/ ๐ | /ล/ ๐ |
| Unvoiced | /p/ ๐ง | /t/ ๐ข | /ส/ ๐ | /tอกษ~tอกส~c/ ๐ | /k/ ๐ |
| Voiced | /b/ ๐ฉ | /d/ ๐ค | /ษ/ ๐ | /dอกส~ษ/ ๐ | /g/ ๐ |
| Fricative | /f~v~ส/ ๐ฏ | /s~z/ ๐ฒ | /ส/ ๐ฑ | /ษ/ ๐ฐ | /h/ ๐ณ |
| Lateral | /l/ ๐ฎ | /ษญ/ ๐ด | |||
| Approximant | /r/ ๐ญ | /ษป/ ๐ถ | /j/ ๐ฌ |
There are two more series for Indian/Hindi/Sanskrit loanwords, but they are not "native"
| Aspirated | /pสฐ/ ๐จ | /tสฐ/ ๐ฃ | /สสฐ/ ๐ | /cสฐ/ ๐ | /kสฐ/ ๐ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breathy | /bสฐ/ ๐ช | /dสฐ/ ๐ฅ | /ษสฐ/ ๐ | /ษสฐ/ ๐ | /gสฐ/ ๐ |
Vowels
| Front Short | Front Long | Back Short | Back Long | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ ๐ | /iห// ๐ | /u/ ๐ | /uห/ ๐ |
| Mid | /e/ ๐ | /eห// ๐๐ณ | /o/ ๐ | /oห/ ๐๐ฐ |
| Low | /a/ ๐ | /aห/ ๐ |
CVN is the maximum syllable. Any consonant can geminate, which does not add to the previous coda.
Morphology
| Universal Languages | ||
|---|---|---|
| AFRICA | SEDES (Horn of Africa), Middle Semitic (Semitic languages), Kintu (Bantu languages), Guosa (West Africa) | 
|
| CENTRAL ASIA | Jalpi (Turkic languages), Zens (Iranian languages), Dravindian (Dravidian languages), Neo-Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan languages) | |
| EUROPE | Interlingua (Romance languages), Folksprak (Germanic languages), Interslavic Slavic languages, Balkan (Balkans) | |
| FAR EAST | Dan'a'yo (CJKV), MSEAL (Mainland Southeast Asia), Indo-Malay (Maritime Southeast Asia) | |
