Circumflex: Difference between revisions

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== Circumflex in Unicode ==
== Circumflex in Unicode ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Precomposed Letters with Circumflex
|+ Characters with Circumflex
| style="font-size:180%" | ^ || style="font-size:180%" | ˆ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̂ || style="font-size:180%" | Â || style="font-size:180%" | â || style="font-size:180%" | Ấ || style="font-size:180%" | ấ || style="font-size:180%" | Ầ || style="font-size:180%" | ầ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẫ || style="font-size:180%" | ẫ
| style="font-size:180%" | ^ || style="font-size:180%" | ˆ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̂ || style="font-size:180%" | Â || style="font-size:180%" | â || style="font-size:180%" | Ấ || style="font-size:180%" | ấ || style="font-size:180%" | Ầ || style="font-size:180%" | ầ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | ẩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ẫ || style="font-size:180%" | ẫ
|-
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Revision as of 06:41, 12 January 2015

The circumflex comes from the Greek alphabet where it marked pitch. It was originally a combination of acute and grave accent.[1] Note that the circumflex is easily confused with the similar looking inverted breve ◌̑.

Circumflex in Unicode

Characters with Circumflex
^ ˆ ◌̂ Â â Ấ ấ Ầ ầ Ẩ ẩ Ẫ ẫ
U+005E U+02C6 U+0302 U+00C2 U+00E2 U+1EA4 U+1EA5 U+1EA6 U+1EA7 U+1EA8 U+1EA9 U+1EAA U+1EAB
Circumflex Accent Modifier Letter Circumflex Accent Combining Circumflex Accent Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Acute Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Acute Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Grave Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde
Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Up Arrowhead, ˄ (U+02C4); or Up Arrowhead, ⌃ (U+2303).
Ậ ậ Ĉ ĉ Ê ê Ế ế Ề ề Ể ể Ễ
U+1EAC U+1EAD U+0108 U+0109 U+00CA ​ U+00EA U+1EBE U+1EBF U+1EC0 U+1EC1 U+1EC2 U+1EC3 U+1EC4
Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Capital Letter C With Circumflex Latin Small Letter C With Circumflex ​ Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Acute Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Acute Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Grave Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde
ễ Ệ ệ Ĝ ĝ Ĥ ĥ Î î Ĵ ĵ Ô ô
U+1EC5 U+1EC6 U+1EC7 U+011C U+011D U+0124 U+0125 U+00CE U+00EE U+0134 U+0135 U+00D4 U+00F4
Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Capital Letter G With Circumflex Latin Small Letter G With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter H With Circumflex Latin Small Letter H With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex Latin Small Ltter I With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter J With Circumflex Latin Small Letter J With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex
Ố ố Ồ ồ Ổ ổ Ỗ ỗ Ộ ộ Ŝ ŝ Û
U+1ED0 U+1ED1 U+1ED2 U+1ED3 U+1ED4 U+1ED5 U+1ED6 U+1ED7 U+1ED8 U+1ED9 U+015C U+015D U+00DB
Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Acute Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Acute Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Grave Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Grave Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Hook Above Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Dot Below Latin Capital Letter S With Circumflex Latin Small Letter S With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter U With Circumflex
û Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ẑ ẑ
U+00FB ​ U+0174 U+0175 U+0176 U+0177 U+1E90 U+1E91
Latin Small Letter U With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter W With Circumflex Latin Small Letter W With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter Y With Circumflex Latin Small Letter Y With Circumflex Latin Capital Letter Z With Circumflex Latin Small Letter Z With Circumflex

Circumflex in Natlangs

Uses of Circumflex
Usage Language Letters Notes
Central vowel Moldovan, Romanian Ââ /ɨ/, Îî /ɨ/ Ââ and Îî both stand for the same sound, but Ââ is used word-internally, and Îî initially and finally. Exceptions are compound words and proper nouns.[2]
Diphthong Slovak Ôô /u̯o/
Long vowel with low pitch Slovene (orthography with tonal accentuation) Ââ /àː/, Êê /ɛ̀ː/, Ệệ /èː/, Îî /ìː/, Ôô /ɔ̀ː/, Ộộ /òː/, Ûû /ùː/ Inverted breve may be used instead of circumflex. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[3]
Raised vowel Slovene (orthography with dynamic accentuation) Êê /ˈeː/, Ôô /ˈoː/ The circumflex marks that these vowel are stressed, long, and mid-close instead of mid-open. These letters are not used in the standard orthography of Slovene, but in language materials.[3]
Vietnamese Ââ /ə˧/, Ấấ /ə˧˥/, Ầầ /ə̤˨˩/, Ẩẩ /ə˧˩˧/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ậậ /ə̰ʔ˧˨/, Êê /e˧/, Ếế /e˧˥/, Ềề /e̤˨˩/, Ểể /e˧˩˧/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ệệ /ḛʔ˧˨/, Ôô /o˧/, Ốố /o˧˥/, Ồồ /o̤˨˩/, Ổổ /o˧˩˧/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ộộ /o̰ʔ˧˨/ Generally, unaccented Aa, Ee, Oo stand for /aː, ɛ, ɔ/. There are many exceptions to the phonemic value of all these letters though.[4]

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Circumflex, Pitch at Wikipedia.
  2. ↑ Romanian alphabet, Special letters at Wikipedia.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Slovene language, Prosody at Wikipedia.
  4. ↑ Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation at Wikipedia.


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