Halcánian dialect: Difference between revisions

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===[[dal'qörian|back to Dalcurian main page]]===
===[[dal'qörian|back to Dalcurian main page]]===


Page currently undergoing information additions
The Halcarnian dialect arose out the isolation period between 500 to 1400AD. Halcarnia was the main southern port on the island, and a major trading artery to central Dalcuria. However, after a corruption battle between a Halcarnian provincial governor and the King's central governmant, Halcarnia was segragated from the rest of Dalcuria, and ran as an autonomous province for nearly 900 years. Halcarnia fell on very hard times during this period since Dalcuria's leaders had always forged good relationships with England and Europe, and they were extremely influential in directing trade away from the province, thus forcing Halcarnia to survive on a recipricol economy. This also had a significant effect on the language, which failed to evolve beyond the realm of Old Dalcurian.<br/>Dalcuria managed to reclaim Halcarnia at the beginning of the 14th century, but the dialect never became superstrated. Although business, political and religious affairs were standardized, both orally and in literacy, the standard tongue of the region was very healthily retained. Of course, from that time, the Halcarnian dialect has undergone changes along with middle to modern-Dalcurian, but retains many old-Dalcurian features such as verb moods and modality, verb-pronoun inflection, and noun cases and accusative marking.
 
The Halcarnian dialect, also known as: '''Söemi'Dal'qörian''' (Finno-Dalcurian) and '''Gerödn'qonvetarämös''' (lit: under speech-an unfavourable term and offensive to Halcarnians), has several differences between itself and 'Dal'qöriádn-Standard Dalcurian'.    These include:
 
* Noun cases/markers
 
* Spelling, pronunciation and word differences
 
* Pronouns
 
* Modal expressivness
 
* Possesive structure
 
* Word order
 
Here are brief descriptions of those differences.
----
 
===Noun Cases and markers===
 
 
<table cellPadding=4 cellSpacing=1 border=2>
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#99CCFF">Finno-dalcurian (Halcarnian) cases
  <tr>
    <th>case                   
    <th>suffix                 
    <th>English prep.           
    <th>example
    <th>translation
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">Grammatical
  <tr>
    <td>nominative
    <td>&nbsp;
    <td>-
    <td>abuudä
    <td>house
  <tr>
    <td>genitive
    <td>-at
    <td>of
    <td>abuudäat
    <td>of (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>accusative
    <td>- an
    <td>-
    <td>abuudäan
    <td>house (as an object)
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">Locative (internal)
  <tr>
    <td>Inessive
    <td>-(a)sa
    <td>in  
    <td>abuudäasa
    <td>in (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Elative
    <td>-(a)sta
    <td>from (inside)
    <td>abuudäasta
    <td>from (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Illative
    <td>-en
    <td>into
    <td>abuudäen
    <td>into (a) house
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">Locative (external)
  <tr>
    <td>Adessive
    <td>-la
    <td>at, on
    <td>abuudäla
    <td>at (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Ablative
    <td>-(a)lta
    <td>from
    <td>abuudäalta
    <td>from (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Allative
    <td>-(a)le
    <td>to  
    <td>abuudäale
    <td>to (a) house
  <tr>
    <th COLSPAN=5 BGCOLOR="#DBDBDB">Marginal
  <tr>
    <td>Essive
    <td>-(a)na
    <td>as
    <td>abuudäana
    <td>as a house
  <tr>
    <td>Translative
    <td>-(a)csi
    <td>to (role of)
    <td>abuudäacsi
    <td>to a house
  <tr>
    <td>Instructive
    <td>-in
    <td>with (the aid of)
    <td>abuudäin
    <td>with (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Abessive
    <td>-ata
    <td>without
    <td>abuudäata
    <td>without (a) house
  <tr>
    <td>Comitative
    <td>-ane
    <td>together (with)
    <td>abuudäane
    <td>with my house(s)
</tr>
</table>
----
===Spelling/pronunciation===
 
The main differences are:
 
'''ö''' is written as '''uu'''
 
'''é''' is written as '''ee'''
 
'''á''' is written as '''aa'''
 
'''ø''' is written as '''ok''' but pronounced hard as in ''lock''
 
'''c''' is replaced with '''k''' and pronounced hard
 
'''Þ''' is replaced with '''tt''' but pronounced the same
 
'''kk'''-the way to voice this is to pronounce the first '''k''' hard, the second is voiced like the English '''Y''' in ''yacht'' or the soft '''J''' in the German ''Javol'' or ''Ja''. One has to be careful of spelling traps too, for example the Halcarnian word for a thin, summer jacket is '''hakan''', but the same word spelled '''hakkan''' means ''peace'' or ''serenity''. Here are some examples in Standard and Halcarnian respectively:
 
* '''strömi, struumi'''-hot
 
* '''vélø, veelok'''-cold
 
* '''iáda, iaada'''-today
 
* '''alsalöátsi, alsaluuaatsi'''-fanatic


* '''eÞöa, ettuua'''-some
'''Pronunciation'''.


* '''hemørämös, hemokrämuus'''-forgiveness
There is a distinct difference between standard Dalcurian and Halcarnian pronunciation, mainly: 


The Halcarnian case system makes it difficult for speakers of of Indo-European languages to grasp-especially if you're used to using prepositions to place a noun. Thankfully, this case system doesn't extend into the articles '''a''' and '''the''' as in German. In fact, the absence of the definate article '''the''' automatically renders '''a''':
* High front vowels '''i''' and '''é''' tend to be more rounded.


'''Danuutt abuudä.''' ''There is '''a''' house''. but:
* High back vowel '''u''' as in the noun ending '''ämös''' is shorter


'''Danuutt di abuudä.''' ''There is '''the''' house''.
* Non use of neither the characters nor the sounds '''Þ''' and '''ø'''


Not all prepositions in Halcarnian are noun markers; those such as: ''between, against'', and prepositional phrases such as, ''inspite of, contrary to, in aid of, in respect of,'' etc are all rendered as standard Dalcurian (with spelling changes).
* Palatialization with doubled consonants-this is especially important in Halcarnian, for example the Halcarnian word for ''yearning/longing'' is '''hakan''' /hakan/ yet the word for a ''summer jacket'' is '''hakkan''' /hakʲan/


==='''Word order'''===
'''Written'''


Generally, Halcarnian word order is SVO, though for emphasis it can change to OSV:
Halcarnians spell as they speak. The marked vowels '''á''' and '''ä''' can be seen, though this is normally reserved for formal contexts. The high front vowels '''é''' and '''i''' are also only used with formality, however, since they are not pronounced they don't appear in normal writting. For example:


'''Minä guria abuudäen.''' ''I'm going into a house.'' but for emphasis:
Dalcurian
* '''vélø'''-''cold''
** Halcarnian
*** '''veloc
Dalcurian
* '''disiri vélø'''-''very cold''
** Halcarnian
*** '''desere veloc


''' Abuudäen minä guria!''' '' It's a HOUSE I'm going into!''
[[Category: Conlangs]]
{{Dalcurian}}

Latest revision as of 08:25, 8 November 2012

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The Halcarnian dialect arose out the isolation period between 500 to 1400AD. Halcarnia was the main southern port on the island, and a major trading artery to central Dalcuria. However, after a corruption battle between a Halcarnian provincial governor and the King's central governmant, Halcarnia was segragated from the rest of Dalcuria, and ran as an autonomous province for nearly 900 years. Halcarnia fell on very hard times during this period since Dalcuria's leaders had always forged good relationships with England and Europe, and they were extremely influential in directing trade away from the province, thus forcing Halcarnia to survive on a recipricol economy. This also had a significant effect on the language, which failed to evolve beyond the realm of Old Dalcurian.
Dalcuria managed to reclaim Halcarnia at the beginning of the 14th century, but the dialect never became superstrated. Although business, political and religious affairs were standardized, both orally and in literacy, the standard tongue of the region was very healthily retained. Of course, from that time, the Halcarnian dialect has undergone changes along with middle to modern-Dalcurian, but retains many old-Dalcurian features such as verb moods and modality, verb-pronoun inflection, and noun cases and accusative marking.

Pronunciation.

There is a distinct difference between standard Dalcurian and Halcarnian pronunciation, mainly:

  • High front vowels i and é tend to be more rounded.
  • High back vowel u as in the noun ending ämös is shorter
  • Non use of neither the characters nor the sounds Þ and ø
  • Palatialization with doubled consonants-this is especially important in Halcarnian, for example the Halcarnian word for yearning/longing is hakan /hakan/ yet the word for a summer jacket is hakkan /hakʲan/

Written

Halcarnians spell as they speak. The marked vowels á and ä can be seen, though this is normally reserved for formal contexts. The high front vowels é and i are also only used with formality, however, since they are not pronounced they don't appear in normal writting. For example:

Dalcurian

  • vélø-cold
    • Halcarnian
      • veloc

Dalcurian

  • disiri vélø-very cold
    • Halcarnian
      • desere veloc
This article is one of many about the Dalcurian language.

Sub categories:

Dalcurian language and basic history:
Halcánian dialect
Dalcurian alphabet and pronunciation
Adjectives:
Comparison of adjectives * Comparative sentences * Adjective endings * Adjective tense * Attributive and Predicative adjectives * Post positive adjectives * Inherent and non-inherent adjectives * Nominal adjectives * Resultant adjectives * Adjectives with prepositions * Adjective Hierarchy * Adjective Negation
Adverbs
Verbs:
The verb to do * Modal Verbs * Verb Moods
Prepositions:
Preposition word order * Alternative uses of prepositions
Negatives
Nouns
Case
Pronouns
Punctuation
Time
Numbers

Miscellaneous word and phrase lists:

Colours * Days/months/seasons * Describing people * Names of Countries * Hello/goodbye Please/thankyou * Intensifiers * English Dalcurian Dictionary

Links:

Omniglot * Various webpages in Dalcurian
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