Breve: Difference between revisions
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! Letters | ! Letters | ||
! Notes | ! Notes | ||
|- | |||
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner of articulation]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Turkish_language|Turkish]] | |||
| Ğğ /ɰ/ | |||
| The realization [ɰ] only occurs in some dialects. Otherwise Ğğ represents a syllable break, length on the preceding vowel or [j], depending on the context.<ref name=turkish>See [[Wikipedia:Turkish_alphabet#Letters|Turkish alphabet, Letters]] at Wikipedia for further information.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Manner_of_articulation|manner]] and [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Kazakh_language|Kazakh]] (2019 and 2021 alphabets as well as [[Wikipedia:Kazinform|Kazinform]]'s romanization) | |||
| Ğğ /ʁ/ | |||
| Unaccented Gg stands for /ɡ/.<ref name=kazakh>[[Wikipedia:Kazakh_alphabets|Kazakh alphabets]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| High [[Wikipedia:Tone_(linguistics)|tone]] | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Eastern_Min|Min Dong]] ([[Wikipedia:Fuzhou_dialect|Fuzhou]] dialect, [[Wikipedia:Foochow_Romanized|Foochow]] romanization) | |||
| Ăă /a˥, ɑ˥/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥, a˥/, Ĕĕ /ɛi˥/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /œ˥/, Ĭĭ /i˥/, Ŏŏ /ou˥/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /o˥, ɔ˥/, Ŭŭ /u˥/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/ | |||
| Note that the letters here that contain ◌̤ are not precomposed characters. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Tenseness|Lax vowel]] | | [[Wikipedia:Tenseness|Lax vowel]] | ||
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| Ăă /a˧/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/ | | Ăă /a˧/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/ | ||
| Unaccented Aa generally stands for /aː/.<ref name=vietnamese_pronunciation>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation|Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | | Unaccented Aa generally stands for /aː/.<ref name=vietnamese_pronunciation>[[Wikipedia:Vietnamese_orthography#Pronunciation|Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
|- | |||
| Silent vowel | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Arabic_language|Arabic]] ([[Wikipedia:ISO_233#ISO/R_233:1961|ISO/R 233]] romanization) | |||
| Ăă [∅], Ĭĭ [∅], Ŭŭ [∅] | |||
| These letters are used for transcribing the Arabic letter ٱ when the vowel is unpronounced.<ref name=hamzat_wasl_1>Pedersen, Thomas. 2008. [http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf Transliteration of Arabic].</ref><ref name=hamzat_wasl_2>[[Wikipedia:Hamza#Hamzat_waṣl|Hamza, Hamzat waṣl]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|} | |||
== Breve in Phonetic Transcription == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Uses of breve | |||
! Use | |||
! Transcription system | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Extra-shortness|Extra short]] length | |||
| [[IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) | |||
| Used for marking that a phone is extra short. It is alternatively also used for creating symbols for certain sounds that do not have dedicated IPA letters.<ref name=flaps>[[Wikipedia:Extra-shortness|Extra-shortness]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|} | |} | ||
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| Ĭĭ /ɨ/ | | Ĭĭ /ɨ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Semivowel|Non-syllabic vowel]] | |||
| [[Esperanto]] | |||
| [[L._L._Zamenhof|Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof]] | |||
| Ŭŭ /u̯/ | |||
| This vowel is commonly found in the dipthongs /au̯/ and /eu̯/, but can occasionally be found in other positions too.<ref name=esperanto>[[Wikipedia:Esperanto_phonology|Esperanto phonology]] at Wikipedia.</ref> Unaccented Uu is /u/, which appears in [[Wikipedia:Hiatus_(linguistics)|hiatus]] when next to another vowel. | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:44, 28 June 2021
Note that the breve is easily confused with the similar looking caron ˇ, especially in small font sizes.
Breve in Unicode
| ˘ | ◌̆ | Ă | ă | Ắ | ắ | Ằ | ằ | Ẳ | ẳ | Ẵ | ẵ | Ặ |
| U+02D8 | U+0306 | U+0102 | U+0103 | U+1EAE | U+1EAF | U+1EB0 | U+1EB1 | U+1EB2 | U+1EB3 | U+1EB4 | U+1EB5 | U+1EB6 |
| Breve | Combining Breve | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve | Latin Small Letter A With Breve | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Acute | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Acute | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Grave | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Grave | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Hook Above | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Hook Above | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Dot Below |
| ặ | Ĕ | ĕ | Ḝ | ḝ | Ğ | ğ | Ĭ | ĭ | Ŏ | ŏ | Ŭ | ŭ |
| U+1EB7 | U+0114 | U+0115 | U+1E1C | U+1E1D | U+011E | U+011F | U+012C | U+012D | U+014E | U+014F | U+016C | U+016D |
| Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Dot Below | Latin Capital Letter E With Breve | Latin Small Letter E With Breve | Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Capital Letter G With Breve | Latin Small Letter G With Breve | Latin Capital Letter I With Breve | Latin Small Letter I With Breve | Latin Capital Letter O With Breve | Latin Small Letter O With Breve | Latin Capital Letter U With Breve | Latin Small Letter U With Breve |
Breve in Natlangs
| Usage | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change of manner of articulation | Turkish | Ğğ /ɰ/ | The realization [ɰ] only occurs in some dialects. Otherwise Ğğ represents a syllable break, length on the preceding vowel or [j], depending on the context.[1] |
| Change of manner and place of articulation | Kazakh (2019 and 2021 alphabets as well as Kazinform's romanization) | Ğğ /ʁ/ | Unaccented Gg stands for /ɡ/.[2] |
| High tone | Min Dong (Fuzhou dialect, Foochow romanization) | Ăă /a˥, ɑ˥/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥, a˥/, Ĕĕ /ɛi˥/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /œ˥/, Ĭĭ /i˥/, Ŏŏ /ou˥/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /o˥, ɔ˥/, Ŭŭ /u˥/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/ | Note that the letters here that contain ◌̤ are not precomposed characters. |
| Lax vowel | Moldovan, Romanian | Ăă /ə/ | |
| Short vowel | Vietnamese | Ăă /a˧/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/ | Unaccented Aa generally stands for /aː/.[3] |
| Silent vowel | Arabic (ISO/R 233 romanization) | Ăă [∅], Ĭĭ [∅], Ŭŭ [∅] | These letters are used for transcribing the Arabic letter ٱ when the vowel is unpronounced.[4][5] |
Breve in Phonetic Transcription
| Use | Transcription system | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Extra short length | International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | Used for marking that a phone is extra short. It is alternatively also used for creating symbols for certain sounds that do not have dedicated IPA letters.[6] |
Breve in Conlangs
| Usage | Language | Creator | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absence of pitch accent | Inng (external transcription) | Qwynegold | Ăă /a/, Ĕĕ /ə, i/, Ĭĭ /i/, L̆l̆ /l̩/, M̆m̆ /ŋ̍/, N̆n̆ /ŋ̍/, Ŏŏ /u, ə, a/, Ŭŭ /u/ | The breve here marks that the syllable is without accent, and that the actual tone of the syllable may start at varying heights depending on the environment. (See also Dot Below for another marking of accentless syllables in Inng.) Some of these accented letters only appear as part of a digraph when representing a certain sound.[7] |
| Central vowel | Songulda (external romanization) | Qwynegold | Ĭĭ /ɨ/ | |
| Non-syllabic vowel | Esperanto | Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof | Ŭŭ /u̯/ | This vowel is commonly found in the dipthongs /au̯/ and /eu̯/, but can occasionally be found in other positions too.[8] Unaccented Uu is /u/, which appears in hiatus when next to another vowel. |
See Also
References
- ↑ See Turkish alphabet, Letters at Wikipedia for further information.
- ↑ Kazakh alphabets at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Pedersen, Thomas. 2008. Transliteration of Arabic.
- ↑ Hamza, Hamzat waṣl at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Extra-shortness at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Inng, Transcription at FrathWiki.
- ↑ Esperanto phonology at Wikipedia.
