Breve: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:23, 8 April 2021

Note that the breve is easily confused with the similar looking caron ˇ, especially in small font sizes.

Characters with Breve
˘	◌̆	Ă	ă	Ắ	ắ	Ằ	ằ	Ẳ	ẳ	Ẵ	ẵ	Ặ
U+02D8	U+0306	U+0102	U+0103	U+1EAE	U+1EAF	U+1EB0	U+1EB1	U+1EB2	U+1EB3	U+1EB4	U+1EB5	U+1EB6
Breve	Combining Breve	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve	Latin Small Letter A With Breve	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Acute	Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Acute	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Grave	Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Grave	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Hook Above	Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Hook Above	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde	Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde	Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Dot Below
ặ	Ĕ	ĕ	Ḝ	ḝ	Ğ	ğ	Ĭ	ĭ	Ŏ	ŏ	Ŭ	ŭ
U+1EB7	U+0114	U+0115	U+1E1C	U+1E1D	U+011E	U+011F	U+012C	U+012D	U+014E	U+014F	U+016C	U+016D
Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Dot Below	Latin Capital Letter E With Breve	Latin Small Letter E With Breve	Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve	Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve	Latin Capital Letter G With Breve	Latin Small Letter G With Breve	Latin Capital Letter I With Breve	Latin Small Letter I With Breve	Latin Capital Letter O With Breve	Latin Small Letter O With Breve	Latin Capital Letter U With Breve	Latin Small Letter U With Breve

Uses of Breve
Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
High tone	Min Dong (Fuzhou dialect, Foochow romanization)	Ăă /a˥, ɑ˥/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥, a˥/, Ĕĕ /ɛi˥/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /œ˥/, Ĭĭ /i˥/, Ŏŏ /ou˥/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /o˥, ɔ˥/, Ŭŭ /u˥/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/	Note that the letters here that contain ◌̤ are not precomposed characters.
Lax vowel	Moldovan, Romanian	Ăă /ə/
Short vowel	Vietnamese	Ăă /a˧/, Ắắ /a˧˥/, Ằằ /a̤˨˩/, Ẳẳ /a˧˩˧/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ặặ /a̰ʔ˨˩/	Unaccented Aa generally stands for /aː/.^[1]
Silent vowel	Arabic (ISO/R 233 romanization)	Ăă [∅], Ĭĭ [∅], Ŭŭ [∅]	These letters are used for transcribing the Arabic letter ٱ when the vowel is unpronounced.^[2]^[3]

Uses of breve
Use	Transcription system	Notes
Extra short length	International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)	Used for marking that a phone is extra short. It is alternatively also used for creating symbols for certain sounds that do not have dedicated IPA letters.^[4]

Uses of Breve
Usage	Language	Creator	Letters	Notes
Absence of pitch accent	Inng (external transcription)	Qwynegold	Ăă /a/, Ĕĕ /ə, i/, Ĭĭ /i/, L̆l̆ /l̩/, M̆m̆ /ŋ̍/, N̆n̆ /ŋ̍/, Ŏŏ /u, ə, a/, Ŭŭ /u/	The breve here marks that the syllable is without accent, and that the actual tone of the syllable may start at varying heights depending on the environment. (See also Dot Below for another marking of accentless syllables in Inng.) Some of these accented letters only appear as part of a digraph when representing a certain sound.^[5]
Central vowel	Songulda (external romanization)	Qwynegold	Ĭĭ /ɨ/
Non-syllabic vowel	Esperanto	Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof	Ŭŭ /u̯/	This vowel is commonly found in the dipthongs /au̯/ and /eu̯/, but can occasionally be found in other positions too.^[6] Unaccented Uu is /u/, which appears in hiatus when next to another vowel.

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 | Ăă [∅], Ĭĭ [∅], Ŭŭ [∅]
 | These letters are used for transcribing the Arabic letter ٱ when the vowel is unpronounced.<ref name=hamzat_wasl_1>Pedersen, Thomas. 2008. [http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf Transliteration of Arabic].</ref><ref name=hamzat_wasl_2>[[Wikipedia:Hamza#Hamzat_waṣl|Hamza, Hamzat waṣl]] at Wikipedia.</ref>
+|}
+== Breve in Phonetic Transcription ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Uses of breve
+! Use
+! Transcription system
+! Notes
+|-
+| [[Wikipedia:Extra-shortness|Extra short]] length
+| [[IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)
+| Used for marking that a phone is extra short. It is alternatively also used for creating symbols for certain sounds that do not have dedicated IPA letters.<ref name=flaps>[[Wikipedia:Extra-shortness|Extra-shortness]] at Wikipedia.</ref>
 |}