Proto-Yarkhic
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
Phonology
Consonants
- p t c k q /p t c k q/
- pʰ tʰ cʰ kʰ qʰ /ph th ch kh qh/
- pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ /p̕ t̕ c̕ k̕ q̕/
- b d ɟ g ɢ /b d j g ġ/
- bʰ dʰ ɟʰ gʰ ɢʰ /bh dh jh gh ġh/
- ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ /b̕ d̕ j̕ g̕ ġ̕/
- s /s/
- m n ɲ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
- r~ʀ l /r l/
- j w /y w/
Vowels
- iː uː /í ú/
- eː oː /é ó/
- ɛː ɔː /ê ô/
- äː /a/
- ɪ ʊ /i u/
- ɘ ɵ /e o/
- ɜ ɞ /è ò/
- ä /a/
Phonotactics
(C)(C)V(ː)(R/s)(C)
Accent
- Acute accent on initial syllable.
Grammar
Nouns
- nominative-accusative alignment with marked nominative
- 3A secundative alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative, P/R = Accusative, T = Instrumental)
- 8 cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Accusative, Instrumental, Genitive, Ablative, Allative, Benefactive
- noun class system (suffixal): Animate, Inanimate
- number combined with noun class: singular, paucal, plural
- definiteness (articles): Gnomic, Indefinite, Definite proper, Definite distant
- nominal tense (suffixal): past, present, future
Verbs
- aspects (suffixal): Perfective-Imperfective + Frequentative, Momentane
- voices (infixal): Active, Reflexive vs Causative
- three subjective and objective persons (suffixal)
- three moods (cliticized): Indicative, Conditional, Subjunctive
- negative verb
Adjectives
- adjectives are replaced by stative verbs and describing nouns.
- degrees of intensify are instead degrees of comparison.
Pronouns
- clusivity in 1. person
- obviative
Adpositions
- prepositions
Syntax
- SOV
- head-final