Záren
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/Preliminary description/
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɳ | ŋ~ɴ | |||
Plosive | p | t | ʈ | k | q | ||
Affricate | p͡f | t͡s | ʈ͡ʂ | k͡x | q͡χ | ||
Fricative | f v | θ̠ ð̠ | ʂ ʐ | x~χ ɣ~ʁ | |||
Trill | r | r͡ɽ | |||||
Lateral approximant | l | ɭ | |||||
Approximant | j |
- p t ʈ k q /p t ṭ k q/
- p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ /pf ts ṭs kh qh/
- f θ̠ ʂ x~χ /f s ṣ h/
- v ð̠ ʐ ɣ~ʁ /v z ẓ ḥ/
- m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
- l ɭ /l ḷ/
- r r͡ɽ /r ṛ/
- j /j/
Vowels
- iː ɨː uː /í ý ú/
- əː /é/
- äː /á/
- i ɨ u /i y u/
- ə /e/
- ä /a/
Phonotactics
(C)(C)V(ː)(R)(C)
Accent
- penultimate primary acute accent
- ultimate secondary gravis accent
Grammar
Nouns
- noun class system (preffixal): Animate (Masculine vs Feminine), Inaminate (Abstractive vs Objective)
- nominative-genetive alignment
- 3-way agent secundative ditransitive alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative P/R = Genetive, T = Instrumental)
- cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Genetive, Instrumental, Vialis, Ablative, Lative, Locative, Benefactive
- number (suffixal): singular, plural
- definiteness (phrasal clitic): definite proper, definite distant, indefinite
Verbs
- aspects (suffixal): Imperfective, Perfective (Punctual Perfective), Conclusive (Durative-Perfective), Habitual
- voices (infixal): Active vs Middle + Direct vs Causative
- noun class preffixes
- tense-moods (suffixal): Past visual, Past non-visual, Present, Future, Conditional, Jussive
- polarity (suffixal): affirmative, negative
- subjective and objective persons
Adjectives
- three degrees: positive, comparative, superlative
Pronouns
- obviative
- subjugating hierarchy (suffixal)
- plural roots
Adpositions
- postpositions and prepositions (mixed system)
- conjugable by subjective person
Syntax
- SOV
- head-final