Proto-Uralic/distribution

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< Proto-Uralic
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Word roots ordered by their distribution

Ṃissing in 0-1 branches
Found in all branches
  • pronouns: *ku- "who", *me- "1PP", *mi- "what", *minä "1PS", *to "that"
  • basic verbs: *elä- ¹ "to live", *kaĺa- "to disappear", *ńalə- "to lick", *ńälə- "to swallow", *puna- "to plait", *ujə- "to swim"
  • body parts: *künčə ² "nail", *mëksa "liver", *sënə "vein", *sülə "bosom", *śilmä "eye", *śɜðäm(ə) "heart"
  • other nouns: *ëla "low", *ńëlə "arrow", *nimə "name", *pesä "nest", *purkə ² "blizzard"
  • etc: *kuma- "overturned", #wittə "5"
¹ Mo. *eŕa- irregular

² Smy. *kəčä irregular ³ Hu. forr "to boil" questionable

Found everywhere except Samoyedic
  • numerals: *ńeljä "4", #kuwtə "6"
  • others: *jäŋə "ice", *jećə ¹ "soul", *kätə "hand", *keččä ² "ring", *kerə "skin", #kuwlə- "to hear", *sükśə "autumn", *wäkə "power", *werə "blood", *wɜðɜm "marrow"
¹ K. unclear

² Mo. či "sun" unclear

Found everywhere except Khanty
*lämə "broth"
Found everywhere except Hungarian
*wü/ilɜ "upper"
Found everywhere except Permic
*muna "egg", *śinśä ¹ "inside" ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear
Found everywhere except Mari
*pelə- "to fear", *tulka ¹ "feather", *tu/üĺkA "prod", ¹ F. *sulka?!
Found everywhere except Mordvinic
*kunśə(-) "(to) pee", *menə- "to go", #sɜja "sleeve"¹ ¹ F. hija unclear
Found everywhere except Finnic
*ipsə/ä- "(to) smell", #sejə "pus" ¹ Mo. unclear
Found everywhere except Samic
*küńä "elbow", *piŋə ¹ "tooth" ¹ Smy. *pəj "flint" unclear
Missing in 2 branches
Finnic Mordvinic Mari Permic Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic
Samic *kuńa- "to blink" *täwðə "full" (Ma. irreg.) *sewə- "to eat" *wetə "water" *kiwə "stone"
*sula- "to melt"
Finnic *mälkə "breast"
*peljä "ear"
Mordv. *mińä "dtr-in-law"
*pura "bore"
*śowə "mouth" *suxə- "to row" *puća- "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.)
Mari *nüðə "handle" (H. irreg.) *enä "big" (P. irreg.)
*kälə "tongue"
*mexə- "to sell"
*kulkə- "to go" *ćäŋkə- "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)
#kiśkä- "to rip"
*kulə- "to run out"
*näkə- "to see"
*ü/ejə "night"
Permic '*śüĺə "coal" #wiŋü "son-in-law" (messy!) *pućka "shit" (F. irreg.)
Hung. *śečä "uncle" *śepä "neck"
*śülkə "spit"
Mansi te- "2PP"
*tinä "2PS"
*pilwə "cloud"
Khanty *miŋä "behind"