Proto-Uralic/distribution
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Missing in 0-1 branches
(73 roots)
Found in all branches | |
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Found everywhere except Samoyedic | |
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¹ K. ać unclear
² Mo. či 'sun' unclear ³ Ms/Kh 'elk' unclear |
Found everywhere except Khanty | |
*lämə 'broth', *wetə ¹ 'water' | ¹ S. *vëcë 'newly fallen snow' questionable |
Found everywhere except Hungarian | |
#kowsə 'spruce', *kärə- 'to wrap', *d₂ëmə 'bird cherry', *poŋə 'bosom', *porə- 'to bite', *wü/ilɜ 'upper' | |
Found everywhere except Permic | |
*joŋsə 'bow', *kala 'fish', *konta 'group', *muna 'egg', *śinśä ¹ 'inside' | ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear |
Found everywhere except Mari | |
*pelə- 'to fear', *tulka ¹ 'feather', *tu/üd₂kA 'prod' | ¹ F. *sulka?! |
Found everywhere except Mordvinic | |
*kunśə(-) '(to) pee', *menə- 'to go', *pončə 'tail', #sɜja 'sleeve'¹, *śälə- 'to cut' | ¹ F. hija unclear |
Found everywhere except Finnic | |
*ipsə/ä- '(to) smell', #sejə 'pus' | ¹ Mo. unclear |
Found everywhere except Samic | |
*küńä 'elbow', *piŋə ¹ 'tooth', *walə- 'to be' | ¹ Smy. *pəj 'flint' unclear |
S | F | Mo | Ma | P | H | Ms | Kh | Smy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70 | 70 | 67 | 69 | 67 | 66 | 72 | 71 | 54 |
Missing in 2 branches
(65 roots)
Finnic | Mordvinic | Mari | Permic | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | |
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Samic | *kuńa- 'to blink' | *täwd₁ə 'full' (Ma. irreg.) | *sewə- 'to eat' | *kompa 'wave' | *lowə 'bone' *pAnə- 'to put' *śača- 'to grow' |
*kiwə 'stone' *sula- 'to melt' | ||
Finnic | *ëńa 'aunt' *soŋə- 'to go thru' |
*këččə 'bitter' *ńërə 'cartilage' (if not = 'moist') |
*oŋə 'mouth' (?) | *mälkə 'breast' *peljä 'ear' | ||||
Mordv. | *mińä 'dtr-in-law' *pura 'bore' *pušə- 'to blow' |
*ëppə 'pa-in-law' *śojə(-) '(to) sound' *śowə 'mouth' |
*suxə- 'to row' *sɜnśɜ- 'to stand' |
*jɜxə- 'to drink' | *puća- 'to squeeze' (Ma. irreg.) *särä 'root' | |||
Mari | *nüd₁ə 'handle' (H. irreg.) *pala 'bit' |
*enä 'big' (P. irreg.) *jëka- 'to divide' *karə 'crust' *kälə 'tongue' *mexə- 'to sell' #näjə 'girl, woman' |
*kulkə- 'to go' | *ćäŋkə- 'to cut' (Mo. irreg.) #kiśkä- 'to rip' *kulə- 'to run out' *näkə- 'to see' *omtə 'cavity' *śëlka 'pole' *ü/ejə 'night' | ||||
Permic | *kanta- 'to carry' *sala- 'to steal' *śüdₓə 'coal' |
#wiŋü 'son-in-law' (messy!) | *pućka 'shit' (F. irreg.) *wëlka- 'to leave' | |||||
Hung. | *ëkta- 'to put' | #kośkə 'dry' *śečä 'uncle' |
*śepä 'neck' *śëmə 'scales' *śod₁(ka) 'goldeneye' *śülkə 'spit' | |||||
Mansi | *kajwa- 'to dig' (S. irreg.) *lomə 'snow' (H. q:ble) *te- '2PP' *tinä '2PS' *wod₂ə 'new' |
*kota 'house' *pilwə 'cloud' *śalə 'intestine' (H. q:ble) | ||||||
Khanty | *miŋä 'behind' |
S | F | Mo | Ma | P | H | Ms | Kh | Smy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 8 | 12 | 22 | 14 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 23 |
F | Mo | Ma | P | H | Ms | Kh | Smy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
F | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Mo | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
Ma | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | |||
P | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | ||||
H | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||
Ms | 5 | 3 | ||||||
Kh | 1 |
Missing in 3 branches
(69 roots)
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