User:Masako/pataka
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Particles / Articles
- ke - definite article / topic marker / accusative particle (non-obligatory, used for specificity)
- kya - jussive particle (placed before the phrase)
- ya - vocative particle (placed before the noun being addressed)
Pronouns
Nominative | Accusative | Possessive | Reflexive | Reciprocal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | na | ena | nayo | na'i | |
2s | ta | eta | tayo | ta'i | |
3s | ha | eha | hayo | ha'i | |
4s | tla | etla | tlayo | tla'i | |
1p | nam | enam | namyo | nami | nanku |
1p (EXCL) | na'am | ena'am | na'amyo | na'ami | na'anku |
2p | tam | etam | tamyo | tami | tanku |
3p | kam | ekam | kamyo | kami | kanku |
4p | tlam | etlam | tlamyo | tlami | tlanku |
Other pronouns
- itla - this (here)
- uatla - that (there)
Correlatives
query | this | that | some | none | any | every | whichever | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
adjective | ka | itla | uatla | iha | ak | ula | kua | ote |
person | ko...ka | iko | uako | ihako | hok | kola | kohua | oteko |
thing | no...ka | itla | uatla | ihano | nok | nola | nokua | oteno |
time | ama/tsima...ka | ima | uama | ihama | amak | amala | kuama | otema |
place | mo...ka | hina | uana | ihamo | mok | mola | mokua | otemo |
way | to...ka | yoto | uato | ihato | tok | tola | tokua | oheto |
amount | ku/o...ka | iku | uaku | ihaku | huk/ok | kula | hukua/okua | oteku |
reason | nye...ka | inye | uanye | ihanye | nyek | ulanye | nyekua | otenye |
kind | su...ka | isu | uasu | ihasu | suk | sula | sukua | otesu |
Conjunctions
- ma - and, also, as well
- hema...ma - both...and...
- ua - or, other, either
- uak - nor, neither
- ehe - but, however
- iya - if, whether
- ke / uama - then
- nye - because, in order that, so that
- nke - and though; although; even though
Affirmation and Negation
- uala - actually, indeed / verily, truly
- tokua - by all means
- tok - by no means
- a - yes / certainly, evidently, of course
- ak - no, not
- eya - perhaps, maybe, possibly
- apa - probably
Verbs
basic
- a - to be, exist
- munta - become, change, alter
- muya - cause to, make, do
- myonta - let, allow, permit to
- heta - must, should, need to
- ueha - want to, intend to
- pala - can, could, am able to
simple movement
- sapua - arrive
- tala - come (back), return
- yala - depart, leave, go, walk
- eka - enter, come/go in
- yese - exit, come/go out
- itola - fall, drop
- olo - fly, move through air
- tapya - follow, continue, go on
- topu - jump
- hoya - raise, rise, lift
- tlani - roll, revole
- hatsu - run
- sima - sit, recline, rest
- tsamu - stand, be upright, rise to one's feet
- uku - stop, wait
- saka - swim, move through water
change
weather
- tonya - freeze, solidify
- pana - rain, moisten, humidify
- nyahi - snow [white]
- sama - shine [sun, solar]
biological actions
- nasa - be born
- sinu - die
- inu - drink
- ina - eat
- anu - hear, listen
- asa - live
- heta - need
- anya - see, look
- moku - sleep
- taki - taste, like, enjoy
- yanta - waken, awaken
Food
Fruits
- omena - apple
- melonka - apricot
- kilatsi - cherry
- hasukanu - date, fig
- punka - fruit
- enapa - grapes
- ntimu - lemon
- sokuya - lime
- kapunu - melon
- setona - olive
- tsunkua - orange
- takolo - peach
- nasi - pear
- matsatli - pineapple
- etlika - plum
- malina - raspberry
- yakota - (straw)berry
Vegetables
- kusupu - artichoke
- asino - asparagus
- tlopya - bean
- tohi - cabbage / broccoli / cauliflower
- ha'utsu - carrot
- apyoma - celery
- suani - chives
- o'i - cucumber
- nopilo - garlic
- hyantso - herbs
- etesa - lentil
- tletsuka - lettuce
- hakuni - mint
- kopa - mushroom
- kasuma - onion
- metanoso - parsley
- uansu - pea
- ahiya - potato
- kapotsa - pumpkin
- tlapanu - radish
- nyokutsu - sage
- teleta - spinach
- sitomatla - tomato
- salatsa - turnip
- napaka - grain
- sayeli - barley
- kanka - maize, corn
- yolapu - oats
- nyoma - rice
- sikali - rye
- mpoka - vegetable
- kenime - wheat
Meals
- inama - meal, dinner
- sopane - breakfast
- tetsuna - lunch
- esa - supper
- ina - food
- kinuahu - dessert
- sunalo - salad
- ketosa - soup
- matla - stew
Drink
- inu - drink
- inupan - drinkable
- kaua - coffee
- tsai - tea
- hali - milk
- maya - water
- ka'asu - juice
Kinship terms
Direct
- otahaka - great-grandfather
- onahaka - great-grandmother
- otaha - grandfather / great-uncle
- onaha - grandmother / great-aunt
- ota - father / uncle
- ona - mother / aunt
- otaua - brother / cousin
- onaua - sister / cousin
- ota’i - son / nephew
- ona’i - daughter / niece
- ota’iha - grandson
- ona’iha - granddaughter
Indirect
- tla’ota husband
- tla’ona wife
- po’ota father-in-law
- po’ona mother-in-law
- po’ona’i daughter-in-law
- po’otaua brother-in-law
- po’onaua sister-in-law
- tla'ota’i - stepson
- tla'ona’i - stepdaughter
Colors
- akai - red
- otliyo - orange
- yana - yellow
- kuya - green
- tsuku - blue
- tlaku - indigo, violet, purple
- nyahi - white, pale
- oya - black, dark
- yehi - clear
Toponyms
- apika - Africa
- yatsa'ila - Algeria - tsayela - Algers
- ankola - Angola - tlo'anta - Luanda
- penina - Benin - hokupono - Porto Novo
- antakutika - Antarctica
- atsa - Asia
- osutaliya - Australia
- yolopa - Europe
- amelika kita - North Amerika
- kanata - Canada - otaua - Ottawa
- kupa - Cuba - hauana - Havana
- hanya te tolom (Nation of States) - USA - uasiton - Washington DC
- amelika mina - South Amerika