Vityng
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VITYNG (born of winter) (northwestern dialect) dominant
(x)sampa EQUIVALENTS
LETTERS
*' = silent
sta. int. med. fin.
a a a @
á {U {U {U
æ { { {I
ǽ {I {I {I
b b b f
d d 4 T
ð - D D
e E E jE
é jE jE i:
f f f f
g g g x (g>j before æ ǽ e é i í)
h h - - (h>j before æ ǽ e é i í)
i I I i:
í i: i: i:
j j j -
k k g *'
l l l l
m m m m
n n n n
o Q Q oU
ó oU oU oU
p p b *'
r r r r\
s s s z
t t 4 *'
u U U u:
ú u: u: u:
v v v v
y Y Y y:
ý y: y: y:
þ D/T T -
ø 2 2 @/3
ǿ 2Y 2Y 2Y
DIPHTHONGS
ai/ay {I {I {I
æg {I {I {I
ei/ey eI eI eI
eg eI eI eI
øy 2Y 2Y 2Y
CONSONANT CLUSTERS
dv dw dw -
fn - vn vn
gg - x x
gj xj j -
gn xn gn gn
hv p\ xw -
kk - xk xk
kv kw kw -
ll - l l:
mm - m: m:
ng - Ng N
nn - n: n:
pf ps ps ps
pp - xp xp
rr - r: r:
sj S Sj -
sk sk Sk Sk
sp sp sp sp
st st st Tt
ss - s s
sv sw sw -
tr vr tr -
tt - xt xt
tv tw tw -
þv Tw Tw -
ALPHABET
a á æ ǽ b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v y ý þ ø ǿ
UMLAUT
Diphthongs are not affected by umlaut
RADICAL U I A
a ø æ a
á ǿ ǽ á
e ø i/y æ
é ǿ í/ý ǽ
i y i e
í ý í é
o o ø a
ó ó ǿ á
u u y o
ú ú ý ó
y y y ø
ý ý ý ǿ
æ æ e a
ǽ ǽ é á
ø ø y æ
ǿ ǿ ý ǽ
NOUNS
DECLENSION 1
"horse" - hest
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. ǽn høstur ǽn hæstar hystrinn hestærnir
abs. ǽn hest ǽn hest hystinn hæstna
dat. ǽn hysti ǽn høstum hystennað til hæstna
gen. ǽn hests ǽn hæsta hystinns hæstanna
DECLENSION 2
"forest" - skogg
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. ǽtt skogg ǽtt skøggir skogget skøggnir
abs. ǽtt skogg ǽtt skaggan skøggni skaggna
dat. ǽtt skoggen ǽtt skoggum til skoggni til skaggna
gen. ǽtt skoggs ǽtt skaggar skoggets skaggarna
DECLENSION 3
"corpse" - skappa
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. ǽ skappa ǽ skæppi skappǽ skæppinir
abs. ǽ skapp ǽ skæppi skappa skappna
dat. ǽ skappen ǽ skøppum til skappa til skappna
gen. ǽ skøppu ǽ skappar skøppoa skapparna
DECLENSION 4
"rafter" - sperri
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. ǽð sperri ǽð sperrir spærreð sperrirnir
abs. ǽð spærr ǽð sparran sperrni sparrna
dat. éði spærr éði sparran sperrnjað til sparrna
gen. ǽð spærra ǽð sparra spærræða sparrens
DECLENSION 5
"island" - øy
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. øy øyjar hinn øy hnir øyjar
abs. øy øyjar hinn øy hna øyjar
dat. að øy að øyjar hennað øy til hna øy
gen. øys øyja hinn øys hna øyjar
DECLENSION 6
"hammer" - hammar
indef. def.
sng. plr. sng. plr.
erg. ǽn hammar ǽn hæmri hammar hæmri
abs. ǽn hammar ǽn hæmri hammar hæmri
dat. ǽn hammren ǽn hømmrum hammren hømmrum
gen. ǽn hammars ǽn hæmris hammars hæmris
VERBS
CLASS 1
segjan "to say"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segja segjar seg
du/plr segjum segið segja
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. segð segður segður
du/plr segðum segð segð
"t" can replace "ð" anytime
vowels do not mutate in class 1 verbs
CLASS 2
þykkú "to think"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þikk þikkert þykkú
du/plr þikke þykkú þikki
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. þakk þakkert þøkkú
du/plr þakke þøkkú þækki
til eorðna fæðirr gæfar bjærna.
class 2 vowels
pres. past.
a ó
á ú
e o
é jo
i a
í ai/ay
o e
ó ei/ey
u æ
ú ai/ay
y ø
ý øy
æ ǿ
ǽ ý
ø o
ǿ oy
COPOLAs
varan "to be"
PRESENT TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. æm art ar
du/plr ørum ørð ør
PAST TENSE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. var vara var
du/plr vørum vør vør
IMPERATIVE
1st 2nd 3rd
sng. vera verst ver
du/plr vørum virið vera
ADJECTIVES
ungur "young"
erg. ungur
abs. ung
dat. ung
gen. ungs
PRONOUNS
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
nom. akk/eig þá þætt -o -eo
vitt þitt þeir
varr þarr þǿ
accu. mikk þikk þætt
okkur ykkur þeir
óss yður þǿ
dat. mérr þérr því
okkorað ykkorað þǽm
ǿssi yðorað þǽm
gen. minn þinn þess
okka økka þára
óssa øða þára
reflex. ask þesk sikk
vitsk þetsk sekka
varsk þersk sikks
3rd refers to subject, 4th to object, 5th to other
akk/eig = personal/formal
"vitt" is often exclusive
while "varr" is often inclusive
2nd&3rd dual plural = honorary
contractions
1st 2nd 3rd
agm - i am
þert - thou art
vitørm - we are
þertar - you/you are
þør - they are
varm - we are
COMMON WORDS
yes - jǿ
no - nǽ
hello - hǽl
goodbye - for oftra
thank you - þakka/þakka þikk
NOUN/PRONOUN LIST
alf - elf d3
ama - grandmother d3
arm - arm d3
æðm - lung air d3
æfi - grand father (informal) d4 [af]
æg - egg d2
æpi - father (informal) d4 [ap]
æpla - apple, fruit d3 [epl]
æska - ash d3 [esk]
ǽk - oak tree d2
bald - prince d3
barð - poet (1st rank) d3
barn - child/offsrping d3
bǽn - bone d2
belg - bag d3
breost - breast d3
bjarg - hill/fortress d3
bjørru - hole/small homested d3 [bjarr]
bjørn - bear d3
blað - lead/leaf shaped object d2
blóm - flower d2
bløð - blood d2
borkur - bark d1
botn - ground d3
bóndur - farmer d1
brand - short sword/club d3
brædi - brother (informal) d4 [brad]
bræðirr - brother (formal)d2
brøggja - bridge d3 [brygg]
bykkjona - female of any non-human species d3 [bykkjun]
bøkk - book d2
bølgur - belly/gut/stomach d1
bøllu - bellows d3
dagg - day d2
dall - dale/valley d2
dattra - daughter d3
dǽt - death d2
dragna - blackthorn d3 (borrow from irish lang)
dverg - dwarf d3
dyr - animal d2
dvørru - delving/underground tunnels d3 [dverr]
dør - door d2
drækki - dragon d4 [drakk]
drǿmur - dream d1 [drám]
eorð - world d3
fæðirr - father (formal)d2
fjeld - field d2
fjøður - feather d1 [fjeð]
flǽsk - flesh d3
flikka - large piece of meat d3
fløtur - plain d1
folkur - person d1
fryður - peace d1 [frið]
fror - frost d2
fyngur - finger d1 [fing]
fyrn - last year d3
fyskur - fish d1
føtt - foot d2
fǿtur - fat d1
gafel - pitch fork d2
gand - magic d3
gata - gate d3 street d2
gærn - yarn d3
gǽr - spear d2
gofa - steam d3 [guf]
grassa - grass d3
gǿsur - goose d1
hafn - haven d3
haldændi - possession (holding) d4 [haldand]
halsa - neck d3
hammar - war hammer d6
har - hair d3
harr - army/host d2
hey - hay d5
hérna - here
himinn - heaven d2
hirn - brain d3
hjærta - heart d3
horn - horn d3
hløkkur - armour d1 [hlekk]
hlagg - laugh d2
hlyss - sound d2
hnekka - peninsula d3 [hnikk]
hoddur - covering/protection d1 [hudd]
holta - fortified homestead d3
hundur - hound/dog d1
húss - house d2
hróff - roost d2
hróss - horse d2
hrótt - roof d2
hryggur - backside, tail, arse d1 [hrigg]
hreggja - back d3
hryngur - ring d1
hvølur - whale d1 [hval]
høkk - bang/bump d2
høll - hall d2
hømmur - work hammer d1 [hamm]
hønd - hand d3
hørr - Honorary title d2
høstur - horse d1 [hest]
hǿfuð - head d2
hǿkur - hawk d1
hǿst - harvest d3
jarl - noble man d3
jærða - dirt/soil d3 [jørð]
kæggi - cask/keg d4 [kagg]
klǽ - brick d5
kné - knee d5
komma - block (of wood) d3
korn - grain d3 wheat d5
kóna - woman d3
kónung - king d2
krafa - personal strength d3
kroða - cabbage d3
kvó - cow d3
kvøld - evening d2
køssa - kiss d3 [kyss]
køttur - cat d1 [katt]
land - country d2
langt - length d3
laskt - weakness d3
læk - lake d2
leðja - filth d3
lefa - life d3 [lif]
lim - lime, mortar d2
loft - night sky d3
lús - louse d2
lyfurn - liver d3
løggur - leg d1
løn - lane d2
lønd - estate d2
lǿff - leaf (either book or tree) d2
maðkur - maggot d1
moðra - mother d3
móga - monster d3 (borrow from irish lang)
munnur - mouth d1
múss - mouse d2
møður - man/human d1 [mann]
nægla - nail d3 [negl]
nest - provision d2
nu - now
ny - new
nyttur - night d1 [nitt]
nøkkur - horse demon d1
nøss - nose d2
orð - word d3
ormur - snake, dragon d1
óðal - home d2
óður - poetry d1
pørukk - tract of land d2
rann - house d2
ræft - log d3
rǽppur - rope d1
regn - rain d3
røfnur - raven/bird d1 [rafn]
sæði - d4 [sað]
sær - sea d2
sebba - blood relative d3 [sibb]
sekk - sack/bag d2
seyða - sheep d3
singel - pebble d2
skald - poet (second rank) d3
skalla - skull d3
skappa - body (lifeless) d3
skǽð - sheath d2
skegg - beard d2
skera - shire d3 [skir]
skerg - island (off shore) d3
skestaða - sky d3
sketa - manure d3 [skit]
ski - cloud d4
skill - skill, art d2
skinn - skin, hide d2
skjøld - shield d2
skogg - forest d2
somar - summer d6
skøkkur - shank (leg of meat) d1 [skakk]
skøkull - chain d2
skømm - dishonour d2
skøpur - body (alive) d1 [skap]
skørru - shore d3 [skerr]
slanga - worm d3
slata - dirty or illbred woman d3
sól - sun d2
spann - shingle d2
spaða - shovel d3 sword d2
sperri - rafter d4 [spærr]
sperrymúss - bat d2
spjar - short spear d2
spjør - pole d2
spjók - ghost d2
staða - location/place d3
stǽnn - stone d2
stekka - stick d3 [stikk]
stjærna - star d3 [stjern]
stjorr - bull d2
støður - city d1 [stað]
søstra - sister d3 [systre]
svørður - long sword d1 [svarð]
svønur - swan d1 [svan]
sønur - son d1 [sen]
sørkur - shirt d1
sørve - necklace d3
tafla - table d3
tar - tear d2
tid - tide d2
tjara - tar d3
tonga - tongue, language d3 [tung]
træ - tree d5
tun - palisade d2
tyd - time d2
tymmur - timber d1 [timm]
tønn - tooth d2
vald - small forest d3
varar - oath d6
vatn - water d3
vængur - wing d1
vena - wine d3 [vin]
venna - struggle d3 [vinn]
vyður - wood d1 [við]
vif - female blood relation d2
vikk - coastal city d2
vykkjur - witch d1 [vikk]
vin - friend d2 field d5
vinber - grape d2
vrótla - root d3 [vrútle]
vøgur - way d1 [veg]
vøggur - wall d1 [vagg]
vøtur - winter d1 [vet]
þatta - that d3
þessa - this d3 [þiss]
þérna - there
þing - thing d2
þmæli - small animal d4 [þmal]
þjorr - castrated bull d2
þmørr - butter d2
þmyður - smith d1 [þmið]
þmyrr - oil d2
þnægi - hook d4 [þnag]
þnorra - sister-in-law d3
þnøkur - snake d1 [þnak]
þróta - throat d3
þvælta - fever d3 [þvelt]
øl - beer d2
øll - all d2
øskur - ash tree d1 [ask]
øy - island (mid ocean) d5
ǽga - eye d3 [ǿg]
ǽra - ear d3 [ǿr]
ǿstur - east d1
ǿtur - poison d1 [át]
VERB LIST
æggjan - to goad c1
bakan - to bake c1
bjargan - to shelter/to bury c1
bløðú - to bleed c2
brynnú - to burn c2
dængjan - to hammer c1
deyjan - to die c1
drefn - to drive c1
drekkan - to drink c1
égynnú - to own c2
farn - to go c1
frosú - to freeze c2
fyllú - to fill c2
fynnú - to find c2
flan - to skin c1
gabban - to mock c1
gan - to go c1
gasn - to gaze/look/gape c1
gefn - to give c1
gældan - to castrate c1
gengan - to walk c1
gætan - to get
hafn - to have c1
haldan - to hold c1
hǽman - to dwell c1
hlǿpn - to run c1
hongan - to hunger c1
kallan - to call c1
kastan - to throw c1
knøvu - to kneel c2 [kne]
kogan - to oppress c1
kopénan - to keep c1
krafjan - to demand by right c1
kyssú - to kiss c2
lákan - to exercise/play c1
lákkan - to dance c1
læggjan - to lay c1
leggjan - to rest horizontally c1
lúfn - to love intimately c1
lyðú - to praise/to sing c2
lygú - to speak falsely c2
mornan - to mourn
mornú - to pine c2
opn - to weep c1
uttú - to expel c2
pryttú - to trick c2
rásn - to raise c1
rysú - to rise c2
sækkvan - to sink c1
sætjan - to set c1
segjan - to say c1
sengvan - to sing c1
seikjan - to search c1
sjan - to see c1
skapn - to shape/make c1
skømmú - to dishonour c2
slæppan - to sleep c1
strekvan - to stroke c1
svemman - to move in the water c1
takan - to take c1
taln - to tell c1
targan - to defend
tællan - to remember c1
tǽgn - to tie c1
trǽstan - to trust c1
tryggú - to believe c2
valdan - to rule c1
valkan - to drag c1
vandran - to travel/to wander c1
veskjan - to ask c1
vrækkjan - to wreck c1
þakkan - to thank c1
þækjan - to cover c1
þmyrvú - to smear c2
þólan - to endure/to love plutonically c1
þykkú - to think c2
þrútnan - to swell c1
ønnú - to work d2
øpennan - to open c1
øskjan - to want c1
ADJECTIVE/ADVERB LIST
annarr - other
ændir - last
blakk - dark
efn - even
endir - end
fǽtt - fat
fegjar - fair
fjara - few
frið - free
full - full
før - before
gnogg - enough
góð - good
half - half
har - venerable/respectable
hefig - heavy
hǽlge - holy
lang - long
lask - weak
prett - pretty
hlægglik - funny
matt - mighty
mest - most
méri - more
mikkil - great/many/large
myrklik - murky
myrk - dark
nørðlik - northern
oftra - after/later
óð - insane/mad
skala - bald
skamm - short
skæla - balance
slat - common
slør - slow/blunt/stupid
spekka - small
stark - strong
stor - big
stirtli - barren sterile
sum - some
trést - loyal/faithful
tvark - strange
ung - young
við - wide
viss - wise
þekk - thick
þrukk - through/thorough
þunn - thin/narrow
yfir - over
øll - all
QUESTION WORDS (not declined)
hvem - who
hvað - what (is that?)/ that
hvatt - what (do you want?)
hvar - where
hvarn - where from
hvætyd - when
hvi - why
hvilyk - which
hvatøg - how
PREPOSTION LIST
af/-sk - of
an - on+accu./onto+dat.
ekka - without
for - for
fram - from
i - in+accu./into+dat.
jaf - if
og - and
ney - not
þæn - then
þja - instrumental marker "with" "used"
ut - out+accu./out of+dat.
úr - made by/done by
AFFIXES
al- - the whole of something ølhúss = all houses
-føldur - multiplicative suffix þrerføldur = threefold/thrice
ga- - collective many together gaspjók(nir) = (all)many ghosts
-lyngur - diminuative bældlyngur = princeling
-lǿss - lacking þekklǿss = thoughtless
ó- - indicates opposite ǿviss = not wise (stupid)
-ness - city on a beach svanness = swanness
-sk - reflexive suffixe tælsk = tell yourself/oneself (remember)
-skøpur - state of being gofaskøpur = to be steam (angry)
-sømur - added to a number to make a group of that number fæmmsømur = fivesome
-vyrður - worthy lyðvyrður (praiseworthy)
-vik - city by the sea længvik = longwick
-vørður - toward nittvørður = near to night
-yngur - "born of" þikkyngur = born of thought (idea/man of science)
-yskur - approximative vissyskur = smart (almost wise)
-ør - agentive gifør = giver
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
WEIGHT
singel - 2 g or .07 ounces d5
half stǽnn - 4.5 kg or 10 lbs (2250 singilir) d5
stǽnn - 9 kg or 20 lbs (4300 singilir or 2 half sténnir) d5
tviføldur - 18 kg or 39.5 lbs (8900 singilir or 4 half sténnir or 2 sténnir)
ti sténnir og ǽn half stǽnn og féra hóndræðs femmté sjǿfn og skor singilir.
MEASURE
fyngur - 6 cm or 2.25 inches d5
hønd - 11 cm or 7.5 inches (1.8 fengar) d5
skeplangt - 8 m or 8.8 yrd (1333 fengar or 727 hændi) d5
geng - 4.8 km or 3 miles (800,000 fengar or 436,363 hændi or 600 skeplængti) d5
TIME
speka - 4 min
tjand - 2 hrs 24 min or 1/10 of a day (36 spiki)
dagg - 24 hrs or 1 day (10 tjandjar)
monæð - 28 days (280 tjandjar or 28 dæggir)
gjar - 365 days (3650 tjandjar or 365 dæggir or 13 moneði)
MONTHES
#1 nøgjar (new year) december 22
#2 midvøtur (midwinter) january 19
#3 stirtlimonæð (barren month) february 16
#4 ǽnmonæð (one month) March 16
#5 femmt (fifth) April 13
#6 eggtid (eggtide) May 11
#7 sólmonæð (sunmonth) June 8
#8 heymonæð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year)
#9 tviføld (twofold) August 3
#10 hǿstmonæð (harvest month) August 31 (29 every 12 years)
#11 nyvøtur (new winter) September 28
#12 frormonæð (frostmonth) October 26 (29 every 12 years)
#13 førnøgjar (before new year) november 25
COLOURS
bla - dark blue
brúnur - brown
gjólur - yellow
grænn - green
hvytur - white
rǿður - red
svørtur - black
NUMBERS
All numbers are 5th declension
CARDINAL
ǽn - one
tvǽr - two
þrir - three
féra - four
femm - five
sess - six
sjǿfn - seven
átta - eight
ni - nine
ti - ten
elefn - eleven
tvølf - twelve
þrirten - thirteen
sessten - sixteen
ninten - nineteen
tverté/skor - twenty
femmté/ti og tvǽr skors - fifty
ni og tvǽr skors - 49
hóndræð - hundred
femm hóndræðs sess og skor - 526
ORDINAL
fyrstur - first
annarr - second
þrið - third
férand - fourth
femmt - fifth
sesst - sixth
sjǿfnt - seventh
áttand - eighth
njand - ninth
tjand - tenth
elefnt - eleventh
tvølft - twelfth
SENTENCES
SVOI - declarative
OVSI - interogative
IVO(S) - imperative
Akk hǽma i ǽtt skogg nørðlik.
i dwell in a northern forest.
þætt kall þikk Bjørn.
he calls you bjorn.
Akk taka gérni fram þérr.
i take the spear from you.
þinginn hvað skap hykkir i nittinn.
the thing what makes bangs in the night. - the thing that goes bump in the night.
þikk finnert Olfarr ungur?
find you young Olf? - did young olf find you?
Olfarr ung fynnú þá.
find young Olf you? - did you find young olf?
gérni taka Akk fram þérr?
take the spear i from you? - did i take the spear from you?
mérr gefar þætt.
to me give it. - give it to me.
TENSES
infinitive - segjan (to say)
present - segja (say/saying)
past - segð (said)
future - skæl segja (will say)
present perfect - haft segð (have said)
future perfect - skæl segð (will have said)
ASPECTS
frequentive - segjol (chatter)
habitual - segjændi (speak often)
protractive/iterative - segjæng (saying over and over/again and again) often implies that the action was boring
MOOD
cohortative - varr/vitt velja (let us)
conditional - skald (would)
NAMES
Aldrik - old power m.
Alfrik - elf power m.
Annarr - second child m./f.
Ǽrik - "Eric" m.
Bjørn - bear m.
Bjærna - bearess f.
Bærny - small child m.
Fyrst - first child m./f.
Karl - man m.
Olfarr - related to Ólf m.
Ólf - wolf m.
Starkstǽnn - strong stone m.
Trestǽ - trusted one f.
Vrekkør - wrecker m.
Øydis - island godess f.
VIRTUES
1. Gifting is praiseworthy. - gæfændi ar lyðvyrður.
2. Generosity is praiseworthy. - gefæng ar lyðvyrður.
3. Moderation is praiseworthy. - skæla ar lyðvyrður.
4. The maintaining of frith in all circumstances is praiseworthy.
5. Courage is praiseworthy.
6. The seeking of good over ill is praiseworthy.
7. Hospitality is praiseworthy.
8. Courtesy is praiseworthy.
9. Tolerance is praiseworthy.
10. The pursuit of wisdom and knowledge is praiseworthy.
11. The defense of freedom is praiseworthy.
12. Industriousness is praiseworthy.
13. Vigilance is praiseworthy.
14. The protection, nurturing and forbearing of kin is praiseworthy.
15. Showing respect for elders is praiseworthy.
16. Loyalty to friends and kin is praiseworthy.
17. Keeping an oath is praiseworthy.
18. Honoring the sanctity of marriage is praiseworthy.
19. Refraining from mockery is praiseworthy.
2o. Refraining from arrogance is praiseworthy.
21. Making kin, honor and justice more important than gold is praiseworthy.
22. Cleanliness is praiseworthy.
23. The maintaining of one's dignity in all situations is praiseworthy.
24. Good organization is praiseworthy.
25. Persistence is praiseworthy.
26. The rule of law is praiseworthy.
27. To try ones steel against an opponent fairly is praiseworthy.
28. Respect for the dead is praiseworthy.
29. For a man to never strike a woman is praiseworthy.
30. To not abuse one's power is praiseworthy.
akk lófa kruðling spekka minn. - I love my little cabbageling.
til kónyngni eig æm trést. - I am loyal to the king.
hystinn, þætt ar góð. - the horse is good.
kóna, þætt slæpp. - the woman is sleeping.
kóna, þætt lǽkk. - the woman is dancing.
kónǽ, þætt stryku bjørna. - the woman is petting the bear.
kónǽ, þætt sja bjørna. - the woman sees the bear.
kónǽ, þætt gef bykkni til mænninn. - the woman is giving the book to the man.
hǽl, kónǽ af himinnǽ, stjarnǽ af særet.
