Svanniskar
| Svannískar | |
| Spoken in: | Kingdom of Svannland |
| Timeline/Universe: | Saxon Defeat |
| Total speakers: | ca. 32 million |
| Genealogical classification: | Indo-European Germanic |
| Basic word order: | SVO (SOV in infinitive clauses; VSO in imperative clauses and contrafactual statements) |
| Morphological type: | Fusional |
| Morphosyntactic alignment: | Accusative-Dative |
| Native script: | Fuþark |
| Created by: | |
| Sectori | 2006 |
Svannískar is a West Germanic language spoken in the Kingdom of Svannland, called Kyningdómar Svannlánder in Svannískar. Its speakers refer to themselves as the Svánnar.
Svannískar was created by Sectori, derived via sound changes from Proto-Germanic, courtesy of the Proto-Germanic to West Germanic sound changes provided by Siride of the ZBB.
Sounds
| Consonants | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiod. | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Lateral | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | k | g | kʷ | gʷ | ||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | θ | ð | s | x | ɣ | xʷ | ɣʷ | |||||||
| Approximant | r | j | w | l | ||||||||||||
These are represented orthographically by the same symbol as their IPA representation, except /θ kʷ gʷ x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ/, which are represented <þ kw gw h ġ hw ġw>
| Vowels | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||
| High | i | y | u | |||||||
| Near-high | ||||||||||
| High-mid | o | |||||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||||||
| Near-low | æ | |||||||||
| Low | a | |||||||||
The vowels are represented by their IPA symbol except for /o ɛ ɔ/, which are written <ø e o>. Stress is marked by an acute accent on the vowel: í, ý, ú, ǿ, é, ó, ǽ, á.
i-umlaut
Unstressed -i-, -j-, and -y- in suffixes cause a vowel shift in the preceding syllable, known as i-umlaut. The i-umalut affects the following vowels:
| Normal | i-umlaut |
|---|---|
| a | æ |
| e | æ |
| i | y |
| o | ø |
| u | y |
Sound History
Vj > Vi unless _V
Vw > Vu unless _V
ɛː > ɛ
ɑ > a
ɔː > ɔ
ai > æ
ɛi > a
ɛu > ɔ
au > o
uː > u
ji > i
iː > i
i[-stress] > (nothing)/_#
CCV[-stress] > CC/_#
(only infrequently, possibly another explanation)
ð > d/_#
θ > t/_#
β > v
v > b/_#
f > p/_#
ɣ > g/_#
x > k/_#
Cʷ > C/_#
iu, ui > y
Morphology
Main article: Svanniskar morphology
Svannískar is a heavily inflecting language. Nouns inflect for five cases in two numbers, subdivided into the characteristic Germanic "strong" and "weak classes". Verbs conjugate for three persons and two numbers in two tenses and three moods. Like other Germanic languages, Svannískar has a number of classes of "strong" verbs (those with internal ablaut) similar to those of German, for example. Adjectives have both "strong" and "weak" declensions also, and have a total of sixty inflections (though some of these are the same, e.g. the weak feminine nominative and instrumental singulars).
Syntax
Main article: Svanniskar syntax
Svannískar has moderately complex syntax rules which govern the weak declension and placement of adjectives, the uses of the various cases, prepositional uses of various cases, and so on. Svannískar's basic word order is Subject-Object-Verb (SVO).
