Saxon Defeat

During his invasion of Saxony in 772 CE, Charlemagne's army was defeated by a united Germanic force.

Immediate Aftermath

Charlemagne retreats into Gaul and is quiet for a few years. He invades Spain in the 780s, but has little success there, after a Basque force destroyed his supply chain. In 800, the Kingdoms of Greater Saxony, Sdannland, Frisia, and Danmark declared.

9th Century

• 804: The Ummayyad Caliphate enters southern Gaul, conquering the coastline, but held back at the border of the Papal States.
• 805: The dangerous border with the Ummayyad Caliphate encourages greater unity within the Papal States. In contrast, the Kingdom of Sicily divides between the Kingdom of Naples on the mainland and the Kingdom of Sicily on the island.
• 806: The Corsica Conference, negotiations between Gaul, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Naples, the Valears, the Papal States, Retia, and the Ummayyad Caliphate, result in a historic agreement on the part of the Caliphate to vacate Navarre (Basqueland), Catalunya (northeast Iberia), and Provence (southern Gaul). These three take on the role of "buffer states", separating the Caliphate from Europe proper.
• 807: By this time, the Anglo-Saxons in Angland have given up on conquests into the various Celtic kingdoms for the moment. Thus, the Kingdoms of Éire, Cymru, and Alba, the Principality of Mannin, and the Grand Duchy of Kernow are allowed to persist for the moment.
• 813: The remnants of Charlemagne's kingdom in northern Gaul, led by his grandson, secede from Gaul, forming the Kingdom of Franks. Following this example, the northwest corner of Gaul also secedes, naming itself the Kingdom of Breizh. Breizh officially declares an end to Christianity as its state religion.
• 822: A series of skirmishes on the Byzantine-Abbasid border erupt into all-out war. The rising tensions in the region are pushed to the limit when the predominately Christian Abbasid province of Armenia declares itself to be a part of the Byzantine Empire. Pressure is further placed on the warring nations by the thread of Khazar and Georgian armies from the north.
• 830: The various "barbarian" tribes begin to form formal kingdoms: Avaria, Magyar, Bulgaria, Mordovia, and Volga-Bulgaria declared.
• 831: The Slavic Kingdom of Czechoslovakia splits when the Slovens in the south declare the kingdom of Slovenia. This sparks great and persistent tension between the two nations and nearly a full-scale war. However, the new King of Slovene is supported by the KIng of Magyar, so war is postponed for the moment.
• 834: The Abbasid Caliphate cedes the island of Malta to Sicily.
• 845: A series of schisms divide Islamic North Africa into the Sultanate of Nekor, south of the Ummayyad Caliphate, the Emirate of Ilfriqiya between Nekor and Neo-Carthage, the Aghlabid Caliphate, west of Neo-Carthage, and the Fatimid Cliphate in Egypt.
• 850: The island of Krete secedes from the Byzantine Empire, siding with the Abbasid Caliphate in the ongoing war in that region.
• 863: After 41 years of on and off fighting, the Abbasids and the Byzantines declare peace, both exhausted from years of war.
• 870: A border dispute between the Meroitic Kingdom of Nubia and the Fatimid Caliphate threatens war. Axum, to the Fatimids' southwest, makes an agreement to side with Nubia in the event of war. A frightened Fatimid Caliphate complies with Nubia's demands.
• 875: The Kingdom of Dalmatia and the Kingdom of Magyar fight a brief war. Dalmatia, with assistance from neighboring Romania, gains a significant amount of land from Magyar. The Dalmatic Magyars will continue to be a major point of argument between the two countries for years.
• 887: After 83 years, trade between the Ummayyad Caliphate and and Gaul recommences.
• 899: The undefined area between Czechoslovakia and Gaul becomes Allmennland.

10th Century

• 904: The Valears, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Krete form a loose defensive alliance. The Principality of Venezia.
• 905: Following Venezia's example, the Lombard League secedes from the Papal States.
• 909: Kievan Rus', long at odds with its neighbor, invades the Novgorod Republic, but is quickly repulsed. The Fatimids invade the Aghlabid Caliphate.
• 913: Vikingland begins a series of raids along the eastern coast of Alba and the nearby Innse Cat.
• 925: The Vikingland raids cease after the Vikings seize a sizable portion of Alba.
• 931: Prussian-Polish border disputes threaten war between the two. Lithuania promises to aid Prussia. Poland seeks aid from Frisia.
• 935: The Abbasid Caliphate denies passage to Jerusalem-bound pilgrims.
• 941: Slovenia converts to Christianity. Under threat of war from Byzantium, the Abbasid Caliphate agrees to allow pilgrims to travel to Jerusalem.
• 946: Magyar converts to Christianity.
• 953: Alba launches the FIrst War of Reclamation, gaining back more than half of the Viking-owned territory.
• 962: Khazar begins an invasion of Georgia.
• 965: Alba's Second War of Reclamation results in a stalemate which is ended only with the descent of winter. Alba's army returns to its reacquired territory.
• 970: Khazar completes its conquest of Georgia. Feeling threatened, Mordovia allies itself with Volga-Bulgaria.
• 974: Alba's Third War of Reclamation is finished with a resounding victory at the Battle of Obar Dheadhain. However, the Innse Cat, now called Hjaltland, remain under Viking control, and will indefinitely.
• 981: Nekor and Ilfriqiya go to war over a border dispute.
• 984: Ilfriqiya's armies stop advancing after they take the western half of Nekor. Erik the Red exiled from Islend. King Svend I of Danmark deposed.
• 985: Erik the Red returns to Islend to organize a colony in Gronland.
• 994: Svend I regains the throne of Danmark, despite the efforts of his rivals to prevent his return home.
• 1000: Leif Erikson explores Vinland and founds a colony there.

11th Century

• 1006: Neo-Carthage invades Ilfriqiya.
• 1011: The first known manuscript in Kathagian Gothic written, a peace treaty between Ilfriqiya and Neo-Carthage. Neo-Carthage nearly doubles in size.
• 1017: Axum's monarch is assassinated, throwing the country into chaos. The Fatimid Caliphate capitalizes on this by launching an invasion of Nubia.
• 1034: After 228 years of relative peace, tensions begin to flare between Catalunya and the Ummayyad Caliphate. Around the same time, the first fully-recognizable Arabo-Romance document is written.
• 1041: The alliance of Mediterranean islands meets in Palma in the Valears to discuss the eventuality of an Ummayyad-Catalunya war.
• 1043: Catalunyan king Alfonso III enters the Ummayyad Caliphate with his army, leading to the brutal First Ummayyad War.
• 1045: Representatives from Navarre, Provence, and the Valears enter Catalunya in an attempt to restore peace, but are rejected.
• 1050: End of the First Ummayyad War. King Alfonso returns to Catalunya having accomplished little.
• 1052: The Second Corisca Conference convened. Representatives from Gaul, Navarre, Provence, the Lombard League, Venezia, the Papal States, the Valears, Corsica, Sardinia, Naples, Sicily, Retia, and Krete discuss a punishment for Alfonso's breaking the 200-year truce.
• 1053: The armies of the attendees of the Second Corsica Conference enter Catalunya and take its capital. King Alfonso is brought to Roma for trial.
• 1055: King Alfonso III of Catalunya is sentenced to twenty years of exile in one of the Germanic states: Franks, Angland, Allmennland, Greater Saxony, Frisia, Sdannland, Danmark, Vikingland, Svedland, Islend, Gronland, or Vinland. He settles in Franks, where he joins the local sentiment for an invasion of Angland. The Seljuq Turks invade the Abbasid Caliphate, take Baghdad, and seize control of the Caliphate.
• 1066: Franks invades Angland. However, the natives are well-prepared, and the neighboring Celtic nations, recognizing the Frankish threat, send armies to Angland's aid, and Brezhon on the mainland, long allied with the Grand Duchy of Kernow, launches a simultaneous counter-attack on Franks itself. It is noted as the first coordinated military effort in recorded history. Brezhon acquires a portion of western Franks. Frankish forces are driven decisively out of Angland at the Battle of Hastings by the army of Anglish King Henry, thanks to help from Kernow.
• 1070: Alfonso returns to Catalunya and lives out the rest of his life therre. Khazar begins to encroach upon its borders with the Seljuq Empire.
• 1076: Khazar armies enter the Seljuq Empire. Axum and Nubia make a secret agreement to attack the Fatimid Caliphate.
• 1080: Khazar territory now extends into the Seljuq Empire. Axum and Nubia launch a joint invasion of the Fatimid Caliphate.
• 1084: Khazar armies are within 100 miles of Bahdad. The Seljuq Empire cedes much of its northern territory to Khazar. Khazar reguses land passage through it to Jerusalem-bound pilgrims. Nubia recovers the territory it lost during the Fatimid invasion in in 1017. Axum expands its coastal territory.
• 1086: The Pope travels to Khazar to attempt to negotiate passage to Jerusalem for pilgrims. Khazar again refuses, and on the journey home to Roma, the Pope dies a tragic death under mysterious circumstances.
• 1087: The Christian states (Navarre, Catalunya, Provence, Gaul, the Valears, Sicily, Corsica, Naples, Sardinia, the Papal States, the Lombard League, Venezia, Retia, Slovenia, Magyar, Dalmatia, Romania, and the Byzantine Empire) cry foul against Khazar, and Byzantium threatens open war.
• 1090: Unable to reach an acceptable settlement, Byzantium.
• 1092: Nubia and Axum reach the Fatimid Caliphate capital, Cairo. The Fatimids cede their Egyptian territory to them.
• 1093: The remnant of the Aghlabid Caliphate under the Fatimids revolts, attempting to overthrow the government.
• 1095: Axum converts to Christianity. The Ethiopian Coptic church (a subdivision of the Roman church) is founded.

12th Century

• 1101: Byzantium takes much of the Khazar southern territory. The Seljuqs begin to feel unease at having two Christian neighbors. The Aghlabids overthrow the Fatimids in all but the easternmost portions of the Caliphate. They take on the name of their leader, founding the Sadrid Caliphate.
• 1109: Vinland, technically an Islendic province, quickly followed by Gronland.
• 1115: Islend formally relinquishes its claim on Vinland and Gronland. Ilfriqiya again invades Nekor.
• 1121: Ilfriqiya reaches the capital of Nekor and officially annexes the kingdom. Ilfriqiya proclaims the Arafad Caliphate.