Senjecas - List of Derivative Postpositions

Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को peműko (labial)								रीसु॓कॊ riisűko (dental)								मुइतु॓को muitűko (alveolar)								भइनु॓को vainűko (palatal)							च्युस्वे॓नोस् ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस् nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ı	ɛ	y
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

• 25. altéua denotes paying no attention to: regardless of [< al-, negating prefix; te̋ua, t.v. pay attention to].
• I am going regardless of the consequences.
• mu dagőm altéu' a̋ta:

m-u	dag-őm	altéu='	a̋t-a
1s-N	consequence-G.p	regardless_of	go-IND

• 26. áána denotes encirclement: around [< a̋a̋na, i.v. form a ring or rings].
• The warlike prince built a wall around his castle.
• sőtu asűru ðuunős vóóa fa̋dom e-de̋ma:

sőtu-Ø	asűr-u	ðuun-ős	áána	fa̋d-om	e=de̋m-a
warlike-ABS	prince-N.s	castle-G.s	around	wall-A.s	PST=build-IND

• 27. dása denotes on the authority of: by [< da̋sa, t.v. govern].
• The coast guard seized the cargo on the authority of the governor.
• k̨uðdı̋slu daslűs dása őnom e-e̋ma:

k̨uð.dı̋s-l-u	das-l-űs	dása	őn-om	e=e̋m-a
coast.guard-AG-N.s	govern-AG-G.s	on_the_authority_of	cargo-A.s	PST=seize-IND

• 28. déla denotes reference: with reference to, as to [< de̋la, t.v. refer to].
• As to your question, I don’t know the answer.
• tu-meta̋s déla mu kı̋rom sa̋a̋ra ne:

tu=met-a̋s	déla	m-u	kı̋r-om	sa̋a̋r-a	ne
your=question-G.s	as_to	1s-N	answer-A.s	know-IND	not

• 29. déxa denotes in order to obtain or acquire: for [< de̋xa, t.v. obtain, acquire].
• Can you go to the store for some eggs?
• tu sade̋mom do toolőm déxa a̋tu ma̋ƣa me:

t-u	sa.de̋m-om	do	tool-őm	déxa	a̋t-u	ma̋ƣ-a	me
2s-N	buy.building-A.s	to	egg-G.p	for	go-SUP	be_able-IND	Q

• 30. ðééa denotes in place of, replacement or preference: for, instead of, in lieu of, rather than [< ðe̋e̋a, t.v. put, place].
• The rowers had to use boards for oars.
• e̋rlus erőm ðééa fa̋lonɛ ne̋udu e-ke̋la:

e̋r-l-us	er-őm	ðééa	fa̋l-on=ɛ	ne̋ud-u	e=ke̋l-a
row-AG-N.p	oar-G.p	for	board-A.p=EP	use-SUP	PST=have.to-IND

• Instead of beef we had lamb for supper.
• ǧom̃ős ðééa m̃us dorős kíma þe̋som e-e̋da:

ǧom̃-ős	ðééa	m̃-us	dor-ős	kíma	þe̋s-om	e=e̋d-a
beef-G.s	instead_of	1p-N	dinner-G.s	for	lamb-A.s	PST=eat-IND

• The baker used apples rather than pears in this cake.
• vőőƣlu i-voogős éna k̨ortemős ðéé' abe̋lon e-ne̋uda:

vőőƣ-l-u	i=voog-ős	éna	k̨ortem-ős	ðéé='	abe̋l-on	e=ne̋ud-a
bake-AG-N.s	this=cake-G.s	in	pear-G.p	rather_than	apple-A.p	PST=use-IND

• 31. éba denotes eventuality: in case of, against [< e̋ba, t.v. befall, bechance].
• In case of rain, we'll have the party in the barn.
• m̃u' suum̃e̋s éba beƣős éna u-sa̋ra:

m̃-u='	suum̃-e̋s	éba	beƣ-ős	éna	u=sa̋r-a
1p-N=ELIS	rain-G.s	in_case_of	barn-G.s	in	FUT=party-IND

• They are saving money against a rainy day.
• nu' sűűm̃' aha̋s éba pı̋ı̋nom a̋uka:

éȝ-u='	sűűm̃-'	ah-a̋s	éba	pı̋ı̋n-om	a̋uk-a
3-N.p=ELIS	rainy-ELIS	day-G.s	against	money-A.s	save-IND

• 32. éȝa denotes in charge of: in charge of, with [< e̋ȝa, t.v. entrust].
• She is in charge of planting the vegetables.
• ii-éȝu le̋e̋mon műűlu éȝa vűűa:

ii=éȝ-u	le̋e̋m-on	műűl-u	éȝa	vűű-a
F=3-N.s	vegetable-A.p	plant-SUP	in_charge_of	be-IND

• 33. éra denotes done on behalf of, for the benefit, sake, or interest of someone: for [< e̋ra, t.v. take advantage of, benefit].
• We are here on behalf of the people.
• m̃us leuðűs éra íðu vűűa:

m̃=us	leuð-űs	éra	íðu	vűű-a
1p=N	people-G.s	on_behalf_of	here	be-IND

• 34. éta denotes addition: as well as, besides, in addition to, (along) with [< étu, adv. also, too, as well, likewise].
• Please bring your swimming suit as well as your towel.
• sausm̃evős éta šemőutom toƣe̋ȝa:

saus.m̃ev-ős	éta	šem.őut-om	toƣ-e̋ȝa
dry.cloth-G.s	as_well_as	swim.clothing-A.s	bring-SBJ

• Besides a mother, he has an invalid older sister to support.
• maama̋s éta da̋mu e̋fu eȝús o mɔ̋ɔ̋ru e̋sa:

maam-a̋s	éta	da̋mu-Ø	e̋f-u	eȝ-ús	o	mɔ̋ɔ̋r-u	e̋s-a
mother-G.s	besides	invalid-ABS	older_sister-N.s	3-G.s	to	support-SUP	be-IND

• He bought the horse along with the saddle.
• éȝu xirős éta mőrem e-sa̋a:

éȝ-u	xir-ős	éta	mőr-em	e=sa̋-a
3-N.s	saddle-G.s	along_with	horse-A.s	PST=buy-IND

• 35. fára denotes in preparation for: for [< fa̋ri, adj. ready].
• Let’s brew some mead (in preparation) for the celebration.
• m̃ús ṡ̬ena̋s fára meðe̋ȝa:

m̃-ús	ṡ̬en-a̋s	fára	með-e̋ȝa
1p-V	celebration-G.s	for	brew_mead-SBJ

• I must pack for my trip.
• mu-taƣős fára bűtu ke̋la:

mu=taƣ-ős	fára	bűt-u	ke̋l-a
my=trip-G.s	for	pack-SUP	must-IND

• 36. fésa denotes before in time: before, previous to [< fe̋si, adj. earlier, prior].
• The bus leaves before noon.
• leuðm̃e̋ƣo naaża̋s fésa vı̋da:

leuð.m̃e̋ƣ-o	naaż-a̋s	fésa	vı̋d-a
people.vehicle-N.s	noon-G.s	before	leave-IND

• 37. f̨óþa denotes being able to see by some light: by, in [< f̨őþo, light].
• By the light of the full moon the road became more visible.
• pa̋a̋vo b̨aage̋s f̨óþa nına̋k̨o e-ı̋la:

pa̋a̋v-o	b̨aag-e̋s	f̨óþa	nı~na̋k̨-o	e=ı̋l-a
road-N.s	full_moon-G.s	by_the_light_of	EL~visible-N.s	PST=become-IND

• 38. góþa denotes similarity or likeness: like, similar to [< gőþa, t.v. make similar, resemble.].
• Your recipe is like/similar to mine.
• tu-eðdőxra mu-eðdoxra̋s góþa e̋sa:

tu=eð.dőxr-a	mu=eð.doxr-a̋s	góþa	e̋s-a
your=food.instruction-N.s	my=food.instruction-G.s	like	be-IND

• You spread out the heavens like a tent.
• tu voutős góþa nűmon e-ża̋a̋da:

t-u	vout-ős	góþa	nűm-on	e=ża̋a̋d-a
2s-N	tent-G.s	like	heaven-A.p	PST=spread-IND

• 39. íla denotes change from one form into another: into [< ı̋la, i.v. become].
• He gathered air. He crafted it into loving beings:
• éȝu ga̋a̋lem e-le̋ża: m̃enantűm íla éȝem e-űűra:

éȝ-u	ga̋a̋l-em	e=le̋ż-a	m̃en-a-nt-űm	íla	éȝ-em	e=űűr-a
3-N.s	air-A.s	PST=gather-IND	love-IND-AP-G.p	3-A.s	PST=craft-IND

• 40. ı́za denotes descent from: down from [< ı̋za, t.v. descend, go down].
• The workman fell climbing down from the roof.
• kőrom ı́za re̋nantu da̋rlu e-főőla:

kőr-om	ı́za	re̋n-a-ntu-Ø	da̋a̋r-l-u	e=főől-a
roof-A.s	down_from	climb-IND-AP-ABS	work-AG-N.s	PST=fall-IND

• 41. ȝéta denotes relating to someone or something: toward, in relation to [< ȝe̋ta, t.v. have to do with, relate to].
• What are your feelings toward him?
• tu-űtos eȝús ȝéta xos vűűa:

tu=űt-os	eȝ-ús	ȝéta	x-os	vűű-a
your=feelings-N.p	3-G.s	toward	what-N.p	be-IND

• 42. ȝóba denotes proximity: near, about, by, next to, on, close to, against [< ȝőba, t.v. approach, draw near].
• The fisherman lived in a home by/on the lake in the valley.
• mı̋ı̋nlu leðős éna eherős ȝóba nomős éna e-m̃e̋e̋sa:

mı̋ı̋n-l-u	leð-ős	éna	eher-ős	ȝóba	nom-ős	éna	e=m̃e̋e̋s-a
fish-AG-N.s	valley-G.s	in	lake-G.s	by	home-G.s	in	PST=live-IND

• The barn is close to the house. You can hear the animals.
• be̋ƣo m̃eesős ȝóba e̋sa: tu ta̋sen ve̋nu ma̋ƣa:

be̋ƣ-o	m̃ees-ős	ȝóba	e̋s-a	t-u	ta̋s-en	ve̋n-u	ma̋ƣ-a
barn-N.s	house-G.s	close_to	be-IND	2s-N	animal-A.p	hear-SUP	be_able-IND

• The shaman parked the wagon against the house.
• sa̋mu m̃eesős ȝóba m̃e̋ƣom e-ṡűra:

sa̋m-u	m̃ees-ős	ȝóba	m̃e̋ƣ-om	e=ṡűr-a
shaman-N.s	house-G.s	against	wagon-A.s	PST=stand-IND

• 43. ȝúa denotes interiority: inside, within [< ȝűi, adj. inside; interior].
• Inside each baked apple was a walnut.
• kűno nı̋ı̋go vőm̃aþo abelős ȝúa e-vűűa:

kűno-Ø	nı̋ı̋go-Ø	vőm̃-a-þo-Ø	abel-ős	ȝúa	e=vűű-a
walnut-ABS	each-ABS	bake-IND-PP-ABS	apple-G.s	inside	PST=be-IND

• Horses are not permitted within the holy city.
• mőre' sa̋ko riȝős ȝúa dőraþes ı̋la ne:

mőr-e='	sa̋ko-Ø	riȝ-ős	ȝúa	dőr-a-þ-es	ı̋l-a	ne
horse-N.p=ELIS	holy-ABS	city-G.s	within	permit-IND-PP-N.p	become-IND	not

• 44. kéésa denotes from a past time: since [< ke̋e̋sa, t.v. while (away)].
• I have known her since last year.
• mu hesdila̋s kéésa ii-éȝum żıże̋e̋na:

m-u	hes.dil-a̋s	kéésa	ii=éȝ-um	żı~że̋e̋n-a
1s-N	yester.year-G.s	since	F=3-A.s	PRF~know-IND

• 45. kía denotes agency: by [< kı̋a, t.v. work, do].
• He was killed by his father.
• éȝu taata̋s kía ka̋a̋daþu e-ı̋la:

éȝ-u	taat-a̋s	kía	ka̋a̋d-a-þ-u	e=ı̋l-a
3-N.s	father-G.s	by	murder-IND-PP-N.s	PST=become-IND

• 46. kíma denotes intention: for [< kı̋ma, t.v. intend].
• I will buy the wine for the dinner.
• mu dorős kíma m̃e̋inom u-sa̋a:

m-u	dor-ős	kíma	m̃e̋in-om	u=sa̋-a
1s-N	dinner-G.s	for	wine-A.s	FUT=buy-IND

• 47. kúȝa denotes gratitude for: thanks to [< kűȝa, t.v. thank].
• Thanks to his donation, I was able to buy my food.
• eȝu-dooős kúȝa mu-e̋dom sa̋u e-ma̋ƣa:

eȝu=doo-ős	kúȝa	mu=e̋d-om	sa̋-u	e=ma̋ƣ-a
his=donation-G.s	thanks_to	my=food-A.s	buy-SUP	PST=be_able-IND

• 48. láába denotes hanging down from: on [< la̋a̋ba, i.v. hang down loosely].
• Apples grow on trees.
• abe̋los haiṡı̋m láába a̋la:

abe̋l-os	haiṡ-ı̋m	láába	a̋l-a
apple-N.s	tree-G.s	on	grow-INsD

• 49. méṡa denotes in a parallel direction: along, alongside of [< me̋ṡa, t.v. lie alongside].
• The hunters walked along the road through the forest.
• ve̋e̋ðlus fűrom þáfa pa̋a̋vom méṡa e-ne̋da:

ve̋e̋ð-l-us	fűr-om	þáfa	pa̋a̋v-om	méṡa	e=ne̋d-a
hunt-AG-N.p	forest-A.s	through	road-A.s	along	PST=walk-IND

• The dog ran alongside me all the way to the tavern.
• na̋a̋ȝe mumɛ méṡa saxm̃e̋e̋som do őra a̋tam e-re̋e̋sa:

na̋a̋ȝ-e	m-um=ɛ	méṡa	sax.m̃e̋e̋s-om	do	őra-Ø	a̋t-am	e=re̋e̋s-a
dog-N.s	1s-A=EP	alongside	brew.house-A.s	to	all-ABS	way-A.s	PST=run-IND

• 50. með- denotes the middle; the exact meaning is determined by the postposition to which it is prefixed [< me̋ði, adj. middle].
• The girl stood in the middle of the room and cried.
• ne̋sku terős meðéna e-ṡűrak̬' e-ɫı̋ı̋gak̬e:

ne̋sk-u	ter-ős	með.éna	e=ṡűr-a=k̬='	e=ɫı̋ı̋g-a=k̬e
girl-N.s	room-G.s	middle.in	PST=stand-IND=and	PST=cry-IND=and

• Then she ran to the middle of the field.
• éȝu pósu lőukomɛ méðdo e-re̋e̋sa:

éȝ-u	pósu	lőuk-om=ɛ	méð.do	e=re̋e̋s-a
3-N.s	then	field-A.s=EP	middle.to	PST=run-IND

• 51. méta denotes at the same time as [< métu, adv. at the same time].
• She saw the lightning at the same time as me.
• ii-éȝu mús méta he̋lem e-na̋ka:

ii=éȝ-u	m-ús	méta	he̋l-em	e=na̋k-a
F=3-N.s	1s-G	at_the_same_time_as	lightning-A.s	PST=see-IND

• 52. méþa denotes in the center of [< me̋þa, t.v. center, focus].
• Let’s put the flowers in the center of the table.
• m̃ú' se̋rom méþa na̋non ðeee̋ȝa:

m̃-ú='	se̋r-om	méþa	na̋n-on	ðee-e̋ȝa
1p-V=ELIS	table-A.s	in_the_center_of	flower-A.p	put-SBJ

• 53. móóda denotes the manner, method, way by which something is done: with, by means of, through, in [< mőőda, means, method].
• Serve God with gladness.
• raaðta̋s móóda ȝűmum nı̋ı̋xe:

raaðt-a̋s	móóda	ȝűm-um	nı̋ı̋x-e
gladness-G.s	with	God-A.s	serve-IMP

• 54. m̃ása denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the north when facing the rising sun: on-, to-, -the left [< m̃a̋si, adj. left].
• The young man stood to the left of his father.
• ur-be̋ku eȝu-taata̋s m̃ása e-ṡűra:

ur=-be̋k-u	eȝu=taat-a̋s	m̃ása	e=ṡűr-a
M=young-N.s	his=father-G.s	on_the_left	PST=stand-IND

• The soldier ran to the left of the tree.
• sőþlu ha̋iṡim m̃ása e-re̋e̋sa:

sőþ-l-u	ha̋iṡ-im	m̃ása	e=re̋e̋s-a
wage_war-AG-N.s	tree-A.s	to_the_left_of	PST=run-IND

• 55. néra denotes at or to a lower level than something else literally or figuratively: behind, below, beneath, under(neath) [< ne̋ri, adj. under].
• The runner broke his leg below the knee.
• re̋e̋slu þ̨axős néra la̋kom e-ȝa̋fa:

re̋e̋s-l-u	þ̨ax-ős	néra	la̋k-om	e=ȝa̋f-a
run-AG-N.s	knee-G.s	below	leg-A.s	PST=break-IND

• Beneath that stern visage beats a kindly heart.
• fa̋ṡo sűðo ka̋l' o-niivrős néra bűþa:

fa̋ṡo-Ø	sűð-o	ka̋l='	o=niivr-ős	néra	bűþ-a
kindly-ABS	heart-N.s	stern=ELIS	that=visage-G.s	beneath	beat-IND

• The farmer buried his treasure under(neath) the floor of his house.
• zɔ̋ðlu m̃eesős behős néra eȝu-arı̋ȝom e-ðőőva:

zɔ̋ð-l-u	m̃ees-ős	beh-ős	néra	eȝu=ar-ı̋ȝ-om	e=ðőőv-a
farm-AG-N.s	house-G.s	floor-G.s	under	his=precious-COL-A.s	PST=bury-IND

• 56. nóóla denotes to the extent of: by [< nőőla, t.v. size].
• The picture measures 5 by 8.
• n̨a̋ro pe̋n bı̋n nóóla me̋a:

n̨a̋r-o	pe̋n	bı̋n	nóóla	me̋-a
picture-N.s	five	eight	by	measure-IND

• He is shorter than his older sister by one inch.
• éȝu þűn ṡidős nóóla efű' sóma tıt̨a̋a̋ru vűűa:

éȝ-u	þűn	ṡid-ős	nóóla	ef-ű='	sóma	tı~t̨a̋a̋r-u	vűű-a
3-N.s	one	inch-G.s	by	older_sister-G.s=ELIS	than	ELT~short-N.s	be-IND

• 57. nóma denotes to or at the home of someone [< nőmo, home].
• We will meet you at the home of the mayor.
• m̃us riineeȝűs nóma tum u-pa̋na:

m̃-us	rii.neeȝ-űs	nóma	t-um	u=pa̋n-a
1p-N	city.lead_a_community-G.s	at_the_home_of	2s-A	FUT=meet-IND

• The younger ones ran to the home of the mayor.
• ȝyȝűűnus riine̋ȝum nóma e-re̋e̋sa:

ȝy~ȝűűn-us	rii.ne̋ȝ-um	nóma	e=re̋e̋s-a
ELT~young-N.p	city.lead_a_community-A.s	PST=run-IND

• 58. n̨áxa denotes disregard for: despite, in spite of, for, in face of, notwithstanding [< n̨a̋xa, t.v. defy].
• The young man went hunting despite his lack of experience.
• ur-be̋ku gaudős eȝu-egős n̨áxa ve̋e̋du e-a̋ta:

ur=be̋k-u	gaud-ős	eȝu=eg-ős	n̨áxa	ve̋e̋d-u	e=a̋t-a
M=young-N.s	experience-G.s	his=lack-G.s	despite	hunt-SUP	PST=go-IND

• That soldier is a good worker for having only one arm.
• a-sőþlu sóólvi þűn be̋som űðu n̨áxa dűbu da̋a̋rlu vűűa:

a=sőþ-l-u	sóól=vi	þűn	be̋s-om	űð-u	n̨áxa	dűbu-Ø	da̋a̋r-l-u	vűű-a
that=wage_war-AG-N.s	only=ADV	one	arm-A.s	have-SUP	for	good-ABS	work-AG-N.s	be-IND

• 59. n̨óópa denotes in a position forward of: in front of, before, ahead of, against, in advance of [< n̨őőpo, front].
• The priest stood in front of the church.
• lı̋þlu tozdemős n̨óópa e-ṡűra:

lı̋þ-l-u	toz.dem-ős	n̨óópa	e=ṡűr-a
sacrifice-AG- N.s	worship.building-G.s	in_front_of	PST=stand-IND

• The child’s shadow advanced before/ahead of him and frightened him.
• ṡiṡűs nı̋zo éȝum n̨óópa e-me̋m̃a. da éȝum e-tűga:

ṡiṡ-űs	nı̋z-o	éȝ-um	n̨óópa	e=me̋m̃-a	da	éȝ-um	e=tűg-a
child-G.s	shadow-N.s	3-A.s	before	PST=advance-IND	and	3-A.s	PST=frighten-IND

• We saw the flowers easily against the dark background.
• m̃us żı̋mo posnákaþős n̨óóp' vóðvi na̋non e-na̋ka:

m̃-us	żı̋mo-Ø	pos.nák-a-þ-ős	n̨óóp='	vóð=vi	na̋n-on	e=na̋k-a
1p-N	dark-ABS	after.see-IND-PP-G.s	against	easy=ADV	flower-A.p	PST=see-IND

• 60. óita denotes the taking of an oath; by, in the name of [< őito, oath].
• By God, I can do it.
• ȝuműs óita. mu éȝom kı̋u ma̋ƣa:

ȝum-űs	óita	m-u	éȝ-om	kı̋-u	ma̋ƣ-a
God-G.s	by	1s-N	3-A.s	do-SUP	be.able-IND

• 61. péga denotes position at or movement towards the side of something or someone; at-, to-, -the side of [< pe̋go, side].
• The dancers sat at the side of the ballroom.
• me̋vlus mevsárterős péga e-se̋da:

me̋v-l-us	mev.sár.ter-ős	péga	e=se̋d-a
dance-AG-N.p	dance.party.room-G.s	at_the_side_of	PST=sit-IND

• The children ran to the side of the playground.
• ṡı̋ṡus leida̋a̋rom péga e-re̋e̋sa:

ṡı̋ṡ-us	leid.a̋a̋r-om	péga	e=re̋e̋s-a
child-N.p	play.area-A.s	to_the_side_of	PST=run-IND

• 62. réiða denotes a means of conveyance; by [< re̋iða, t.v. drive, ride].
• The pilgrims went by wagon to the shrine.
• soorta̋ƣlus m̃eƣős réiða noiivda̋rom do e-a̋ta:

soor.ta̋ƣ-l-us	m̃eƣ-ős	réiða	noiv.da̋r-om	do	e=a̋t-a
bespeech.journey-AG-N.p	wagon-G.s	by	sacred.place-A.s	to	PST=go-IND

• 63. ríza denotes support; in-, -support-, -favor-, -of [< rı̋za, t.v. prop, support].
• The people are in favor of the king’s decree.
• le̋udu reeƣűs tolős ríza vűűa:

le̋ud-u	reeƣ-űs	tol-ős	ríza	vűű-a
people-N.s	king-G.s	decree-G.s	in_favor_of	be-IND

• 64. sépa denotes reference or interest; concerning, concern with, about. [< se̋pa, t.v. treat (of), concern].
• The ferryman knew nothing regarding/as regards/about the money stolen from the treasury.
• pe̋rlu saarkős áfa vőőuraþo piinő' sépa néxom e-sa̋a̋ra:

pe̋r-l-u	saark-ős	áfa	vőőur-a-þo-Ø	piin-ő='	sépa	néx-om	e=sa̋a̋r-a
ferry-AG-N.s	treasury-G.s	from	steal-IND-PP-ABS	money-G.s=ELIS	regarding	nothing-A.s	PST=know-IND

• 65. sóma denotes comparison, compared to, than [< sőma, t.v. liken, compare].
• Compared to last year, this was not a hot summer.
• hesdila̋' sóma. sa tı̋ı̋þa le̋e̋ta e-e̋sa ne:

hes.dil-a̋='	sóma	s-a	tı̋ı̋þa-Ø	le̋e̋t-a	e=e̋s-a	ne
yester.day-G.s=ELIS	compared_to	this-N.s	hot-N.s	PST=be-IND	not

• A horse is bigger than a cow.
• mőre mıme̋że m̃ake̋' sóma e̋sa:

mőr-e	mı~me̋że-Ø	m̃ak-e̋='	sóma	e̋s-a
horse-N.s	ELT~big-ABS	cow-G.s-ELIS	than	be-IND

• 66. þóla denotes position on both sides of something; astraddle, astride [< ṡőta, t.v. straddle, bestraddle, bestride].
• The boy perched astraddle the fence.
• hűsu turős þóla e-se̋da:

hűs-u	tur-ős	þóla	e=se̋d-a
boy-N.s	fence-G.s	astraddle	PST=sit-IND

• The wizard sat astride his dragon.
• lűmlu eȝu-paame̋s þóla e-se̋da:

lűm-l-u	eȝu=paam-e̋s	þóla	e=se̋d-a
enchant-AG-N.s	his=dragon-G.s	astride	PST=sit-IND

• 67. súna denotes accompaniment in time or space; with, in company with, along with [< sűna, t.v. accompany].
• Our sons played with their cousins all afternoon.
• m̃u-pőiku' őra sı̋xam eȝu-orpűm súna e-le̋ida:

m̃u=pőik-u='	őra-Ø	sı̋x-am	eȝu=orp-űm	súna	e=le̋id-a
my=son-N.p=ELIS	all-ABS	afternoon-A.s	their=cousin-G.p	with	PST=play-IND

• The trader in company with three associates robbed the store.
• ṡ̨őƣlu tı̋r eepűm súna mı̋ƣom e-ka̋da:

ṡ̨őƣ-l-u	tı̋r	eep-űm	súna	mı̋ƣ-om	e=ka̋d-a
trade-AG-N.s	three	associate-G.p	in_company_with	store-A.s	PST=rob-IND

• The princess began to sing along with the minstrels.
• ii-asűru ɫiirűm súna e-gaȝa̋sa:

ii=asűr-u	ɫiir-űm	súna	e=gaȝ-a̋s-a
F=prince-N.s	minstrel-G.p	along_with	PST=sing-INC-IND

• 68. šéða denotes possessing a special characteristic; characteristic of, with [< še̋ða, t.v. characterize].
• My father is the man with the moustache.
• mu-ta̋a̋ta miiṡő' šéða m̃ı̋ı̋ru e̋sa:

mu=ta̋a̋t-a	miiṡ-ő='	šéða	m̃ı̋ı̋r-u	e̋s-a
my=father-N.s	moustache-G.s=ELIS	with	man-N.s	be-IND

• 69. šóóða denotes from one side of an opening to another; through [< šőőða, t.v. pass-, go-, -through].
• He threw the hammer through the window.
• éȝu tűngom šóóða þűslum e-ȝe̋e̋a:

éȝ-u	tűng-om	šóóða	þűs-l-um	e=ȝe̋e̋-a
3-N.s	window-A.s	through	hammer-INS-A.s	PST=throw-IND

• 70. ṡ̨óga denotes in exchange for, literally or figuratively: (in-, -exchange-, -return-) -for [< ṡ̨őga, t.v. exchange].
• Run for your life!
• tu-ǧiira̋s ṡ̨óga re̋e̋se:

tu=ǧiir-a̋s	ṡ̨óga	re̋e̋s-e
your=life-G.s	for	run-IMP

• I will give you three apples for your bow.
• mu tu-l̨omős ṡ̨óga tús o tı̋r abe̋lon u-dőőa:

m-u	tu=l̨om-ős	ṡ̨óga	t-ús	o	tı̋r	abe̋l-on	u=dőő-a
1s-N	your=bow-G.s	for	2s-G	to	three	apple-A.p	FUT=give-IND

• 71. tááda denotes purpose; for, in order to [< ta̋a̋da, t.v. do on purpose].
• We tried to break down the problem for further study.
• m̃us m̃ite̋ra siiga̋s tááda ka̋ltam le̋mu e-pe̋ra:

m̃-us	m̃ite̋ra-Ø	siig-a̋s	tááda	ka̋lt-am	le̋m-u	e=pe̋r-a
1p-N	further-ABS	study-G.s	for	problem-A.s	break_down-SUP	PST=try-IND

• 72. táɫa denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the south when facing the rising sun: on-, to-, -the right of [< ta̋ɫi, adj. right(-hand)].
• The princess sat to the right of her father the king.
• ii-asűru eȝu-taata̋s reeƣűs táɫa e-se̋da:

ii=asűr-u	eȝu=taat-a̋s	reeƣ-űs	táɫa	e=se̋d-a
F=prince-N.s	her=father-G.s	king-G.s	to_the_right_of	PST=sit-IND

• 73. tára denotes motion from one side to the other; across, on the other side of, over [< ta̋ra, t.v. cross].
• The washerwomen waded across the stream at its shallowest place.
• ii-ba̋nlus vőgom tára ṡyṡ̬őko ðeeős éna e-m̃a̋a̋ða:

ii=ba̋n-l-us	vőg-om	tára	ṡy~ṡ̬őko-Ø	ðee-ős	éna	e=m̃a̋a̋ð-a
F=wash-AG-N.p	stream-A.s	ELT~shallow-ABS	place-G.s	at	PST=wade-IND

• Please put the chair on the other side of the room.
• tú te̋rom tára se̋dom ðeee̋ȝa:

t-ú	te̋r-om	tára	se̋d-om	ðee-e̋ȝa
2s-V	room-G.s	on_the_other_side_of	chair-A.s	put-SBJ

• The defeated troops fled over the bridge.
• se̋haþu ṡa̋þmus þőlom tára e-vűga:

se̋h-a-þu-Ø	ṡa̋þm-us	þől-om	tára	e=vűg-a
defeat-IND-PP-ABS	troop-N.p	bridge-A.s	over	PST=flee-IND

• 74. túȝa denotes with respect or regard to; in-, with-, -regard to, with respect to, regarding, as regards, about, with, on, for, in [< tűȝa, t.v. consider].
• In/with regard to your letter, I will answer tomorrow.
• mu tu-miþős túȝa ṡúm̃vi u-kı̋ı̋ra:

m-u	tu=miþ-ős	túȝa	ṡúm̃=vi	u=kı̋ı̋r-a
1s-N	your=letter-G.s	with_regard_to	tomorrow=ADV	FUT=answer-IND

• With respect to your knowledge, I disagree.
• tu-m̃ida̋s túȝa. mu ṡa̋a̋ma:

tu=m̃id-a̋s	túȝa	m-u	ṡa̋a̋m-a
your=knowledge-G	with_respect_to	1s-N	disagree-IND

• I am sure your wife will be pleased with this mother-of-pearl gift.
• mu—ȝa tu-kőzu tanɠőno dooős túȝa u-se̋ba—ne̋sa:

m-u	ȝa	tu=kőz-u	tanɠőno-Ø	doo-ős	túȝa	u=se̋b-a	ne̋s-a
1s-N	that	your=wife-N.s	mother_of_pearl-ABS	gift-G.s	with	FUT=be.pleased-IND	be.sure-IND

• The Committee on Orthography
• ruunȝara̋s túȝa dááraul̤ı̋ȝu

ruun.ȝar-a̋s	túȝa	dáár.aul-l-ı̋ȝ-u
letter.write-G.s	on	work.advise-AG-COL-N.s

• For this stitch, use a heavier thread.
• (tú) i-sim̃ős túȝa bybőőko ne̋e̋tom ne̋ude:

t-ú	i=sim̃-ős	túȝa	by~bőőko-Ø	ne̋e̋t-om	ne̋ud-e
2s-N	this=stitch-G.s	PRF~heavy-ABS	thread-A.s	use-IMP

• My teacher helped me with my homework.
• mu-dőxlu nomvagős túȝa mum e-þőna:

mu=dőx-l-u	nom.vag-ős	túȝa	m-um	e=þőn-a
my=teach-AG-N.s	home.assignment-G.s	with	1s-A	PST-help-IND

• The pirate was blind in one eye.
• marvőőurlu þűn t̬alős túȝa re̋e̋mu e-e̋sa:

mar.vőőur-l-u	þűn	t̬al-ős	túȝa	re̋e̋m-u	e=e̋s-a
sea.steal-AG-N.s	one	eye-G.s	in	blind-N.s	PST=be-IND

• 75. þála denotes in honor of [< þa̋la, t.v. honor, award].
• They named the bridge in honor of the murdered prince.
• éȝus ka̋a̋daþu asurűs þála þőlom e-fe̋e̋ta:

éȝ-us	ka̋a̋d-a-þu-Ø	asur-űs	þála	þől-om	e=fe̋e̋t-a
3-N.p	murder-IND-PP-ABS	prince-G.s	in_honor_of	bridge-A.s	PST=name-IND

• 76. þééxa denotes foundation or dependence; based-, depending-, -on [< þe̋e̋xa, t.v. rest-, be based-, -on].
• Depending on his response, we will continue the work.
• eȝu-kiirős þééxa. m̃us da̋a̋rom u-se̋e̋ra:

eȝu=kiir-ős	þééxa	m̃-us	da̋a̋r-om	u=se̋e̋r-a
his=response-G.s	depending_on	1p-N	work-A.s	FUT=continue-IND

• 77. þifápa denotes at a far distance; far away from [< þı̋fi, adj. distant; a̋pi, adj. away].
• We live far away from these mountains.
• m̃us i-ǧarős þifápa m̃e̋e̋sa:

m̃-us	i=ǧar-ős	þif.ápa	m̃e̋e̋s-a
1p-N	this=mountain-G.s	far.away	live-IND

• 78. þóósa denotes in opposition to, in contact with, against, contrary to, into, on, opposed to, opposite, up, with [< þőősa, t.v. oppose, face].
• The desperate fugitives had to row against the swift current.
• vı̋smu őőðlus a̋a̋to ṡűrkom þóósa e̋ru e-ke̋la:

vı̋smu-Ø	őőð-l-us	a̋a̋to-Ø	ṡűrk-om	þóósa	e̋r-u	e=ke̋l-a
desperate-ABS	flee-AG-N.p	swift-ABS	current-A.s	against	row-SUP	PST-have_to-IND

• We saw the exhausted runner leaning against the tree.
• m̃us haisı̋s þóósa ṡı̋lantu műdu re̋e̋slum e-na̋ka:

m̃-us	hais-ı̋s	þóósa	ṡı̋l-a-ntu-Ø	műdu-Ø	re̋e̋s-l-um	e=na̋k-a
1p-N	tree-G.s	against	lean-IND-AP-ABS	exhauste-ABS	run-AG-A.s	PST=see-IND

• I do this against/contrary to my better judgment.
• mu vıva̋a̋da mu-meda̋s þóósa som kı̋a:

m-u	vı~va̋a̋da-Ø	mu=med-a̋s	þóósa	s-om	kı̋-a
1s-N	ELT~good-ABS	my=judgment-G.s	against	this-A.s	do-IND

• The patient lost the struggle against his illness.
• da̋mu eȝu-damős þóósa na̋a̋rom e-ha̋ȝa:

da̋m-u	eȝu=dam-ős	þóósa	na̋a̋r-om	e=ha̋ȝ-a
patient-N.s	his=illness-G.s	against	struggle-A.s	PST=lose-IND

• The employee asked for an advance against his salary.
• kűűsaþu eȝu-þamős þóósa fesþa̋mom e-ı̋ga:

kűűs-a-þ-u	eȝu=þam-ős	þóósa	fes.þa̋m-om	e=ı̋g-a
hire-IND-PP-N.s	his=salary-G.s	against	before.salary-A.s	PST-ask_for-IND

• The poor child does not yet know good from bad.
• duse̋rmu ṡı̋ṡ' uflős þóósa va̋a̋dom że̋e̋na néstu:

dús.e̋rmu-Ø	ṡı̋ṡ='	ufl-ős	þóósa	va̋a̋d-om	że̋e̋n-a	n.éstu
dis.advantaged-ABS	child-ELIS	bad-G.s	from	good-A.s	discern.IND	not.yet

• The dazed workman ran into the tree.
• mőőm̃aþu da̋a̋rlu ha̋isim þóósa e-re̋e̋sa:

mőőm̃-a-þu-Ø	da̋a̋r-l-u	ha̋is-im	þóósa	e=re̋e̋s-a
daze-IND-PP-ABS	work-AG-N.s	tree-A.s	into	PST=run-IND

• The attack on the castle was planned for tomorrow.
• ðűűnom þóósa ȝűðo ṡum̃a̋s fára pe̋e̋kaþo e-ı̋la:

ðűűn-om	þóósa	ȝűð-o	ṡum̃-a̋s	fára	pe̋e̋k-a-þ-o	e=ı̋l-a
castle-A.s	on	attack-N.s	tomorros-G.s	for	plan-IND-PP-N.s	PST=become-IND

• The citizens were opposed to the prince’s going to war.
• rı̋ı̋rus asurű' sőtu þóósa e-vűűa:

rı̋ı̋r-us	asur-ű='	sőt-u	þóósa	e=vűű-a
citizen-N.p	prince-G.s=ELIS	war-SUP	opposed_to	PST=be-IND

• The onlooker climbed the tree opposite the store to look at the fire.
• ża̋vlu a̋a̋þem ża̋bu tááda miƣős þóósa da̋rim e-re̋na:

ża̋v-l-u	a̋a̋þ-em	ża̋b-u	tááda	miƣ-ős	þóósa	ha̋is-im	e=re̋n-a
look_at-AG-N.s	fire-A.s	look_at-SUP	in_order_to	store-G.s	opposite	tree-A.s	PST=climb-IND

• The woman played opposite her husband.
• ǧe̋nu potűs þóósa e-le̋ida:

ǧe̋n-u	pot-űs	þóósa	e=le̋id-a
woman-N.s	husband-G.s	opposite	PST=play-IND

• The explorers had to sail the boat up wind.
• ne̋e̋þlus m̃e̋e̋em þóósa na̋a̋m̃om na̋a̋m̃u e-ke̋la:

ne̋e̋þ-l-us	m̃e̋e̋-em	þóósa	na̋a̋m̃-om	na̋a̋m̃-u	e=ke̋l-a
explore-AG-N.p	wind-A.p	against	boar-A.s	sail-SUP	PST=have_to-IND

• He spent the day fighting with his younger brother.
• eȝu-ȝorűs þóósa ṡa̋tantu e-a̋ha:

eȝu=ȝor-űs	þóósa	ṡa̋t-a-nt=u	e=a̋h-a
his=younger_brother-G.s	with	fight-IND-AP-N.s	PST=spend_the_day-IND

• The picture of the king has been hanging on the wall.
• reeƣűs n̨a̋ro godős þóósa kőranþo vyvűűa:

reeƣ-űs	n̨a̋r-o	god-ős	þóósa	kőr-a-nþ-o	vy~vűű-a
king-G.s	picture-N.s	wall-G.s	on	hang-IND-AP-N.s	PRF~be-IND

• 79. þóla denotes at or to the two sides of a place or thing; on both sides of [< þőlo, bridge].
• The town was on both sides of the river.
• rı̋iiko daae̋s þóla e-e̋sa:

rı̋ii-k-o	daa-e̋s	þóla	e=e̋s-a
city-DIM-N.s	river-G.s	on_both_sides_of	PST=be-IND

• 80. þóna denotes assistance; with help [< þőna, t.v. help, aid].
• I put out the fire in the attic with his help.
• mu eȝús þóna meedős éna a̋a̋þem e-ǧe̋sa:

m-u	eȝ-ús	þóna	meed-ős	éna	a̋a̋þ-em	e=ǧe̋s-a
1s-N	3-G.s	with_help	attic-G.s	in	fire-A.s	PST=put_out-IND

• 81. úfa denotes the position of the body with the front toward the object; facing [< űfa, t.v. face, look out on].
• The disobedient child stood facing the wall.
• alta̋a̋bu ṡı̋ṡu godős úfa e-ṡűra:

al=ta̋a̋bu-Ø	ṡı̋ṡ-u	god-ős	úfa	e=ṡűr-a
PRV=obedient-ABS	child-N.s	wall-G.s	facing	PST-stand-IND

• 82. úpa denotes to or at a higher level than something else literally or figuratively; above, over [< űpi, adj. upper, higher].
• The knight held the sword above his head.
• mı̋mlu niimős úpa va̋a̋lom e-ƣa̋va:

mı̋m-l-u	niim-ős	úpa	va̋a̋l-om	e=ƣa̋v-a
ride-AG-N.s	head-G.s	above	sword-A.s	PST=hold-IND

• The osprey hovered over the lake.
• ga̋s' ehe̋rom úpa e-k̬iilpe̋ta:

ga̋s='	ehe̋r-om	úpa	e=k̬iil.pe̋t-a
osprey=ELIS	lake-A.s	over	PST=still.fly-IND

• 83. xéma denotes instrumentality; with, by means of [< xe̋mo, tool].
• By means of a knife the policeman was able to open the door.
• þorna̋m̃lu siimlős xéma ðűrom lűru e-ma̋ƣa:

þor.na̋m̃-l-u	siim-l-ős	xéma	ðűr-om	lűr-u	e=ma̋ƣ-a
law-enforce-AG-N.s	cut-INS-G.s	with	door-A.s	open-SUP	PST-be_able-IND

• The swordsman killed the enemy with his sword.
• vaala̋a̋gu eȝu-vaalős xéma n̨e̋tum e-ka̋a̋da:

vaal-a̋a̋g-u	eȝu=vaal ős	xéma	n̨e̋t-um	e=ka̋a̋d-a
sword-OCC-N.s	his=sword-G.s	with	enemy-A.s	PST=kill-IND

Senjecas - Table of Correlatives