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Pronunciation table

पेमु॓को peműko (labial)								रीसु॓कॊ riisűko (dental)								मुइतु॓को muitűko (alveolar)								भइनु॓को vainűko (palatal)							च्युस्वे॓नोस् ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								नि॓थो च्युस्वे॓नोस् nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			t̬	t̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			त्व	त्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै पे पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			तं	तऺ	तॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/tʷ/	/tʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Adjective

• 1. sőőli - Alone in a category, sole.
• My uncle is the only carpenter in the village.
• दबो॓स् ए॔न मु-भो॓इनु सौ॓लु क्वॊ॓सु भु॓अ॥
• dabős éna mu-vőinu sőőlu k̬ɔ̋su vűűa:

dab-ős	éna	mu=vőin-u	k̬ɔ̋s-u	vűű-a
village-G.s	in	my=uncle-N.s	only-ABS	carpenter-N.s	be-IND

• 2. vĭva̋di - Singularly superior; the best
• I think that the seashore is the only place to live.
• मु मर्क्यु॓दोम् भंभ॓दो घै॓ओम् ए॓सु न॓म॥
• mu mark̨űdom vĭva̋do ðe̋e̋om e̋su na̋ma:

m-u	mar.k̨űd-om	vĭ~va̋do-Ø	ðe̋e̋-om	e̋s-u	na̋m-a
1s-N	sea.shore-A.s	EL~good-ABS	place-A.s	be-SUP	think-IND

• 3. sőőli - Without a sibling; without a sibling of the same gender.
• That boy is their only child.
• अ-हु॓सु सौ॓लु एयु-चि॓चु ए॓स॥
• a-hűsu sőőlu eȝu-ṡı̋ṡu e̋sa:

a=hűs-u	sőőlu-Ø	eȝu=ṡı̋ṡ-u	e̋s-a
that=boy-N.s	only-ABS	their=child-N.s	be-IND

Adverb

• 4. sóólvi - Without others or anything further; exclusively.
• These deer only browse. They do not graze.
• इ-लआ॓नेऽ सौ॔ल्मि क़्युर्ग मौ॓ग ने॥
• i-la̋a̋ne-' sóólvi x̨űrga: mőőga ne:

i=la̋a̋ne-'	sóól=vi	x̨űrg-a	mőőg-a	ne
this=deer-ELIS	only=ADV	browse-IND	graze-IND	not

• 5. átu - As recently as.
• The rider left only a moment ago:
• इ-लआ॓नेऽ सौ॔ल्मि क़्युर्ग मौ॓ग ने॥
• n̨a̋mnĕlu átu sampa̋s fésa e-vı̋da:

n̨a̋mn-ĕ-l-u	átu	samp-a̋s	fésa	e=vı̋d-a
ride-EP-AG-N.s	only	moment-G.s	previous.to	PST=leave-IND

• 6. átu - No more than; just.
• The warrior only scratched the chair; he did not break it.
• सो॓थ्लु अ॔तु से॓दोम् ए-रे॓इक॥ ए॔योम् ए-य॓फ ने॥
• sőþlu átu se̋dom e-re̋ika: éȝom e-ȝa̋fa ne:

sőþ-l-u	átu	se̋d-om	e=re̋ik-a	éȝ-om	e=ȝa̋f-a	ne
wage.war-AG-N.s	only	chair-A.s	PST=scratch-IND	3-A.s	PST=break-IND	not

Conjunction

• 7. ésti - But, accept.
• I would like to go with you, only I must work.
• मु तुम् सु॓नु ल़ै॓ल। ए॔स्ति दआ॓रु के॓ल॥
• mu tum sűnu ɫe̋e̋la. ésti da̋a̋ru ke̋la:

m-u	t-um	sűn-u	ɫe̋e̋l-a	ésti	da̋a̋r-u	ke̋l-a
1s-N	2s-A	go.with-SUP	would.like-IND	only	work-SUP	must-IND

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