Senjecas - The Old Man and His Dog

Pronunciation table

peműko (labial)								riisűko (dental)								muitűko (alveolar)								vainűko (palatal)							ṡ̨uuše̋nos (vowels with प)								nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos (weak vowels)
p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ɔ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
प	ब	फ	भ	म़	म			त	द	थ	ध	ल़	ल			च	ज	स	स़	र	न			क	ग	क़	ग़	ह	य			स्व	स्य			इ ई पि पी	ए एै ए पै	अ आ प पा	ऒ ॵ पॊ पॏ	ओ औ पो पौ	उ ऊ पु पू			पं	पऺ	पॅ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural	ABL = ablative suffix	COL = collective	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	LAT = lative suffix	PST = past	TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	LOC = locative suffix	REV = reversive	VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	M = masculine	Q = interrogative particle	YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	OCC = occupation suffix	QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	IND = indicative	PP = patient (past) participle	RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive

Text

ur-że̋e̋ruk̬e na̋a̋ȝek̬e
The Old Man and His Dog

• English text
• Devanagari text
• Senjecan translation

Gloss

• An old man lived alone with his dog on a small, rocky island.
• ur-że̋e̋ru naaȝe̋' súna pı̋no ta̋a̋inro dimős éva káim̃vi e-m̃e̋e̋sa:

ur=że̋e̋r-u	naaȝ-e̋'	súna	pı̋no-Ø	ta̋a̋in.ro-Ø	dim-ős	éva	káim̃=vi	e=m̃e̋e̋s-a
M=old-N.s	dog-G.s-ELIS	with	small-ABS	rock-full-ABS	island-G.s	on	alone=ADV	PST=live-IND

• They lived in a wooden hut covered in moss.
• éȝus maat̨őno muuska̋ðo talasős éna e-m̃e̋e̋sa:

éȝ-us	maat̨őno-Ø	muus.ka̋ðo-Ø	talas-ős	éna	e=m̃e̋e̋s-a
3-N.p	made.of.wood-ABS	moss.cover-ABS	hut-G.s	in	PST=live-IND

• The sky was always gray and it rained often.
• nűmo visténu bőro e-vűűa da mónvi sűűm̃a:

nűm-o	visténu	bőr-o	e=vűű-a	da	món=vi	sűűm̃-a
sky-N.s	always	gray-N.s	PST=be-IND	and	frequent=ADV	rain-IND

• The old man had gray hair and a thick, wiry beard.
• ƣe̋ṡok̬e ba̋ro b̨űdo bisa̋rok̬e żeerűs o e-vűűa:

ƣe̋ṡ-o=k̬e	ba̋ro-Ø	b̨űdo-Ø	bisa̋r-o=k̬e	żeer-űs	o	e=vűű-a
gray.hairi-N.s=and	thick-ABS	wiry-ABS	beard-N.s=and	old-G.s	to	PST=be-IND

• The dog was big with a long, brown coat.
• pı̋ðo ba̋do melkő' šéða na̋a̋ȝe me̋ż' e-vűűa:

pı̋ðo-Ø	ba̋do-Ø	melk-ő-'	šéða	na̋a̋ȝ-e	me̋ż-'	e=vűű-a
long-ABS	brown-ABS	coat-G.s-ELIS	with	dog-N.s	big-ELIS	PST=be-IND

• Each morning, the old man drank a bitter tea and shared cold leftovers with his dog.
• nííg' aȝa̋s że̋e̋ru ṡ̨a̋bo de̋pom e-pőőȝa da naaȝe̋' súna tem̃e̋dom e-ne̋ma:

nííg-'	aȝ-a̋s	że̋e̋r-u	ṡ̨a̋bo-Ø	de̋p-om	e=pőőȝ-a	da	naaȝ-e̋-'	súna	tem.m̃e̋d-A.s	e=ne̋m-a
each-ELIS	morning-G.s	old-N.s	bitter-ABS	tisane-A.s	PST=drink-IND	and	dog-G.s	with	remain.food-A.s	PST=share-IND

• In the afternoon, he walked to the shore to catch some fish.
• sixa̋s mı̋ı̋nu tááda k̨űdom do e-ne̋ða:

six-a̋s	mı̋ı̋n-u	tááda	k̨űd-om	do	e=ne̋ð-a
afternoon-G.s	fish-SUP	in.order.to	shore-A.s	to	PST=walk-IND

• The dog chased away seagulls that wanted to steal the tasty fish.
• na̋a̋ȝe pőȝen—táes da̋lo d̨a̋gon vőőuru e-meṡa—ápu e-ȝa̋ƣa:

na̋a̋ȝ-e	pőȝ-en	tá-es	da̋lo-Ø	d̨a̋g-on	vőőur-u	e=meṡ-a	ápu	e=ȝa̋ƣ-a
dog-N.s	gull-A.p	which-N.p	tasty-ABS	fish-A.p	steal-SUP	PST=want-IND	away	PST=chase-IND

• The old man then chopped firewood, and the dog sat by his side, guarding the fish.
• że̋e̋ru pósu m̃ı̋ðom e-kı̋ı̋da. da d̨a̋gon dı̋sante na̋a̋ȝ' eȝu-pegős kóma e-se̋da:

że̋e̋r-u	pósu	m̃ı̋ð-om	e=kı̋ı̋d-a	da	d̨a̋g-on	dı̋s-a-nte-Ø	na̋a̋ȝ-'	eȝu=peg-ős	kóma	e=se̋d-a
old-N.s	then	firewood-A.s	PST=chop-IND	and	fish-A.p	guard-IND-AP-ABS	dog-ELIS	his=side-G.s	by	PS=sit-IND

• In the evening, the man salted and cooked the fish, and ate them with the dog.
• ȝita̋s éȝu d̨a̋gon e-salı̋d̨ak̬' e-dűƣak̬e. da naaȝe̋' súna éȝon e-e̋da:

ȝit-a̋s	éȝ-u	d̨a̋g-on	e=sal-ı̋d̨-a=k̬-'	e=dűƣ-a=k̬e	da	naaȝ-e̋-'	súna	éȝ-on	e=e̋d-a
evening-G.s	3-N.s	fish-A.p	PST=salt-TRZ-IND=and-ELIS	PST=cook-IND=and	and	dog-G.s-ELIS	with	3-A.p	PST=eat-IND

• They slept by the warm fire to keep away the bitter cold.
• éȝus te̋pe aaþe̋s kóma ka̋la sőitam ȝe̋m̃u tááda e-še̋pa:

éȝ-us	te̋pe-Ø	aaþ-e̋s	kóma	ka̋la-Ø	sőit-am	ȝe̋m̃-u	tááda	e=še̋p-a
3-N.p	warm-ABS	fire-G.s	by	bitter-ABS	cold-A.s	keep.away-SUP	in.order.to	PST=sleep-IND

• His life was simple, but so long as he had his dog, the old man was happy.
• eȝu-ǧı̋ı̋t' alke̋na e-vűűa. ésti—k̨ára na̋a̋ȝem e-ude̋ȝa—e-ka̋ita:

eȝu=ǧı̋ı̋t-'	al=ke̋n-a	e=vűű-a	ésti	k̨ára	na̋a̋ȝ-em	e=ud-e̋ȝa	e=ka̋it-a
his=life-ELIS	PRV=hard-N.s	PST=be-IND	but	as.long.as	dog-A.s	PST=have-SBJ	PST=be.happy-IND