Valware - Devanagari
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Pronunciation table
| Latin | a | v | e | i | y | l | m | n | ń | o | r | s | t | u | w | f | h | ʻ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Devanagari | अ | भ | ए | इ | य | ह | म | न | ङ | ओ | र | स | त | उ | व | फ | ह | क़ |
| IPA | /a/ | /β/ | /e/ | /i/ | /j/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /r/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /φ/ | /h/ | /Ɂ/ |
- The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a modified Cyrillic order.
Consonants with /a/
| labial | dental | alveolar | palatal | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ ~ /ɱ/1 म |
n /n/ न |
ń /ŋ/ ङ |
|||
| Stops | voiceless | t /t/ त |
ʻ /ʔ/ क़2 | |||
| voiced | ||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f /φ/ फ |
s /s/ स |
|||
| voiced | v /β/ भ3 |
|||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | h /h/ ह | ||||
| voiced | w /w/ व4 |
l /l/ ह |
r /ɾ/ र |
y /j/ य |
- 1 /m/ becomes the labiodental /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
- 2 क़ /q/ is assigned the phoneme /ʔ/.
- 3 भ /bʱ/ is assigned the phoneme /β/.
- 4 व /ʋ/ is assigned the phoneme /w/.
Vowels
Independent form
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ इ |
u /u/ उ | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ ए |
o /o/ ओ | |
| Open | a /ä/ अ |
Diacritic form with म
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ मि |
u /u/ मु | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ मॆ |
o /o/ मॊ | |
| Open | a /ä/ म |
Example
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
- Owe nuńwu wolo rile oʻ otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.
- .
- They are endowed with reason and conscience
- Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi
- .
- and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.
- .
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1
