Valware - Devanagari

Table of Phonemes

POA	labial				dental			alveolar			palatal			glottal		nasal1				vowels
IPA	/φ/	/β/	/w/		/l/	/t/		/ɾ/	/s/		/k/	/j/		/h/		/m/	/n/	/ŋ/		/ä/	/e/	/o/	/u/	/i/
Devanagari	फ	भ	व		ल	त		र	स		क	य		ह		म	न	ङ		अ	ए मॆ	ओ मॊ	उ मु	इ मि
Latin	f	v	w		l	t		r	s		k	y		h		m	n	ń		a	e	o	u	i

Note

¹ The nasals are grouped together because only they can be found as syllable codas.

Consonants with /a/

		labial	dental	alveolar	palatal	glottal
Nasals	voiceless
	voiced	m /m/ म	n /n/ न		ń /ŋ/ ङ
Stops	voiceless		t /t/ त		k /k/ क
	voiced
Fricatives	voiceless	f /φ/ फ1		s /s/ स
	voiced	v /β/ भ2
Sonorants	voiceless					h /h/ ह
	voiced	w /w/ व3	l /l/ ह	r /ɾ/ र	y /j/ य

Notes

• ¹ फ /pʰ/ is assigned the phoneme /φ/.
• ² भ /bʱ/ is assigned the phoneme /β/.
• ³ व /ʋ/ is assigned the phoneme /w/.

Vowels

Independent form

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/ इ		u /u/ उ
Close Mid	e /e/ ए		o /o/ ओ
Open		a /ä/ अ

Diacritic form with म

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/ मि		u /u/ मु
Close Mid	e /e/ मॆ		o /o/ मॊ
Open		a /ä/ म

Example

• All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
• Win nuńwu wolo rile ok otu usa ve sańo yuń o sati yi.
• विन् नुङ्वु वीली रिलॆ ओक् ओतु उस भॆ सङी युङ् ओ सति यि ॥

• They are endowed with reason and conscience
• Etu yuń o fuwi yuń ye sa yi
• एतु युङ् ओ फुवि युङ् यॆ स् यि

• and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
• o wa sońa weńwa wiva ve wasi ńol wila ve ńohita wafa.
• ओ व सीङ वॆङ्व भॆ वसि ङील् विलॆ भॆ ङीहित वफ ॥

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1

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