Kalo
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Introduction
Phonology
Consonants
Stops
- t - /t/ >> /tʰ/
- k - /k/ >> /kʰ/
- kw - /kʷ/
Nasals
In anyomo each nasal consonant has a geminate counterpart, and gemination is lexically contrastive.
- m - /m/ >> /mː/
- n - /n/ >> /nː/
- ny - /ɲ/ >> /ɲː/
Approximants
- h - /ɦ/
- w - /w/
- y - /j/
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | e | o |
Open | a |
There are only three phonemic vowels: /a e o/. They can be long or short and be one of three tones. Length can be lexical, but tone is strictly phonemic.
- aàáeèéoòó
Tones
There are three phonemic tones, traditionally described as mid, high, and low; in transcription the mid tone is unmarked, and the high and low tones are indicated with acute and grave accents respectively.
Morphosyntax
anyomo is an agglutinative language, where words use suffix complexes for a variety of purposes with several morphemes strung together.
Pronouns
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1 | o- | wà- |
2 | ko- | kwà- |
3 | ∅ | yà- |
Aspect
There are 3 aspects: imperfect, perfect, and continual
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_grammar#Aspects
- aspect markers -le 了, -zhe 着, zài- 在, and -guò 过 to mark the perfective, durative stative, durative progressive, and experiential aspects
Derivation
Nominalization
Lexicon
affixes
stems
- nyom - speak; talk; converse; chat; discuss
- h - walk; go (away); run; move (of vehicle); visit; leave