Lenian languages
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The Lenian languages are a polyphyletic cultural grouping of related languages that descend from Tapilula but exclude branches that acquired divergent characteristics. Included branches are:
- Hipatal, including all of Fojy and its child Dreamlandic
- Subumpamese languages, including all of Kava
- Paleo-Pabappa
- Olati, culturally Subumpamese but genetically Andanese
By contrast, the Lenian languages exclude Thaoa, Tarise, and Gold, even though these three branches descend from Tapilula and Tapilula is the most recent common ancestor of all the Lenian languages.
Linguistic characteristics
The Lenian languages retain the classifier prefixes of Tapilula and have generally simple rules of grammar.