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Kava/sound changes

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Proto-Subumpamese (???) to Kava (3138)

  1. The schwas ə ə̄ shifted to u ū.
  2. The mid vowels e o rotated to i ə.
  3. The high vowel i shifted to ə if touching a /q/ in either direction.
  4. Primordial f shifted to p .
  5. Primordial hʷ w shifted to f v.
  6. The postalveolar affricates č ǯ ň š ł became c ʒ n s l unconditionally.
  7. The palatal ć became č except in syllable-final position.
  8. The voiceless uvular stop q changed to k when syllable-final.
  9. The prevelar shifted to a true palatal ć .
  10. Clusters like sm shifted to mp.
  11. Word-final ć became s. ćk ćq etc > ćć. Any other syllable-final ć assimilates to the following consonant.
  12. Labialization metathesizes forward across a syllable boundary.
  13. Any heterorganic stop/aff after a stop turned into a fricative.
  14. The affricates c ʒ changed to s z when not after a high tone.
  15. Voiced stops became voiceless when occurring before a high tone.
  16. (new) > .
  17. The labialized velar nasal ŋʷ changed to w before /i/.
  18. Labialization disappeared before /i/.
  19. All remaining labialized dorsals became labiovelar. All others became rounded bilabials.
  20. The true palatal ć became č unconditionally.