Kava/sound changes
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Proto-Subumpamese (~1700) to Kava (3138)
- The schwas ə ə̄ shifted to u ū.
- The mid vowels e o rotated to i ə.
- The high vowel i shifted to ə if touching a /q/ in either direction.
- Primordial f shifted to p .
- Primordial hʷ w shifted to f v.
- All labialized consonants shift to bilabials.
- The postalveolar affricates č ǯ ň š ł became c ʒ n s l unconditionally.
- The palatals ć c̀ became č .
- The voiceless uvular stop q changed to k when syllable-final.
- Word-final č became s. čk čq etc > čč. Any other syllable-final č assimilates to the following consonant.
- Any heterorganic stop/aff after a stop turned into a fricative.
- The affricates c ʒ changed to s z when not after a high tone.
- Voiced stops became voiceless when occurring before a high tone.