User:Masako/pataka
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Basic syntax
Simple sentences
Intransitive clauses
Intransitive clauses in Kala minimally consist of a subject followed by an intransitive verb, giving SV word order.
- nta'i moku - baby sleep - The baby sleeps.
- mita ina - dog eat - The dog eats.
- sama nala - sun shine - The sun shines.
- kama ke naha ya'e - village O river be.near - There is a village near the river.
- ke apua muyapua - O song do-PFV - The song has been sung.
Transitive clauses
Clauses with transitive verbs follow a SOV pattern.
- ona ke matla kuha - mother O stew cook - The mother is cooking stew.
- tasako ke masala yake - hunt-AG O deer-INDEF chase - The hunters are chasing some deer.
- kyali ke itohuatla peha - spear O tree-oak pierce - The spear pierces the oak tree.
- tasako ke mitla hita ma ne masa mata - hunt-AG O arrow cast and DO deer kill - The hunter shoots an arrow and kills the deer.
Predication
Nominal predicates are formed with the copula a, using SOV word order. However, more common is the idiomatic omission of the copula and object marker.
- tsola ke haya a - fox O animal COP - The fox is an animal. (grammatical)
- tsola haya - fox animal - The fox is an animal. (idiomatic)
- itlaka ke taya nayo a - PROX-man O husband 1sg.POSS COP - This man is my husband. (grammatical)
- itlaka ke taya nayo - PROX-man O husband 1sg.POSS - This man is my husband. (idiomatic)
