User:Masako/pataka
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Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | m (m) | n (n) | ɲ (ny) | ||
| Plosives | p~b (p) | t~d (t) | k~g (k) | ʔ (') | |
| Affricates | t͡ɬ~tl (tl) / t͡ʃ~ts (ts) | ||||
| Continuants | l~r (l) / s~ʃ (s) | h~ɦ (h) | |||
| Semivowels | j (y) | w (u) |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (i) | u (u) | |
| Mid | e (e) | o (o) | |
| Open | a (a) |
phonotactics
Kala phonotactics does not allow the onsets of adjacent syllables to be identical, nor both to be labialized or palatalized. (There are a few exceptions to this, such as tata for the informal/familiar form of father, etc.) Syllables beginning with /l/ do not occur as the first syllable of a headword.
Much like Japanese and Chinese, Kala has a limited number of syllables.
syllable structure
All syllables are of the form (N)(C)V(n, m, k), that is, optional prenasal + optional consonant + vowel + optional final, or V, NCV, CV, VF, CVF, NCVF. CV is the most common syllable type. Most content words are disyllabic; while function words are monosyllables and inflected words are trisyllables.
Pronouns
| Agent | Patient | Possessive | Reflexive | Reciprocal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | na | ena | nayo | na'i | |
| 2sg | ta | eta | tayo | ta'i | |
| 3sg | ha | eha | hayo | ha'i | |
| 4sg | tla | etla | tlayo | tla'i | |
| 1pl | nam | enam | namyo | nami | nanku |
| 1pl.excl | na'am | ena'am | na'amyo | na'ami | na'anku |
| 2pl | tam | etam | tamyo | tami | tanku |
| 3pl | kam | ekam | kamyo | kami | kanku |
| 4pl | tlam | etlam | tlamyo | tlami | tlanku |
