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User:Masako/pataka

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nahoki

phonology

vowels

Kala has five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/ and /u/.

diphthongs

Both of the falling diphthongs, ai [a͜ɪ] and ao [a͜ʊ], as well as uai [ʷ~wa͜ɪ] and yao [ʲ~ja͜ʊ] only occur word finally, and very infrequently.

consonants

Where "~" appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.

Nasals: m – /m/, n – /n/, ny – /ɲ/ Plosives: p – /p~b/, t – /t~d/, k – /k~g/, /ʔ/ Affricates: ts – /t͡s~t͡ʃ/, tl – /t͡l~ t͡ɬ/ Continuants: s – /s~ʃ/, h – /h~ɦ/, l – /l~r/ Semivowels: u – /w/, y – /j/

labialization

Labialized consonants: /pʷ/, /kʷ/, /mʷ/, /nʷ/, /sʷ/, /hʷ/, /t͡ʃʷ/

nasalization

palatalization

Palatalized consonants: /pʲ/, /kʲ/, /mʲ/, /hʲ/

stress

word order

SOV...but emphasis on first

root words

suffixes

dependent suffixes

nominal

verbal

derivational

multifunction

independent suffixes

particles

object

vocative

interrogative

nouns

plural

quantity

gender

pronouns

subject/object pronoun constructions

demonstratives

possessives

descriptive verbs

comparisons

superlatives

adverbs

verbs

tense

present

past

future

aspect

progressive

completed

mood

negative

commands & requests

should/ought to

able to/can

questions

yes/no

locative verbs

conjunctions

number & counting