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Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet

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This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natland precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.

Diaeresis/Umlaut

Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.

Precomposed letters with this diacritic are: Ä ä Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ö ö Ü ü Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ Ǖ ǖ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ ǚ Ǜ ǜ Ǟ ǟ Ȫ ȫ Ḯ ḯ Ṏ ṏ Ṻ ṻ ẗ
Diaeresis/Umlaut
Use Language Letters Origin
Front version of back vowel Finnish Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ From Swedish.
Livonian Ää /æ/
Swedish Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2].
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. French Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ

Ring Above

The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A. Precomposed letters with this diacritic are: ÅU+00C5 åU+00E5 ŮU+016E ůU+016F ǺU+01FA ǻU+01FB ẘU+1E98 ẙU+1E99

Ring Above
Use Language Letters Origin
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. Chamorro Åå /ɑ/
Danish, Norwegian Åå /ɔ/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3]
Swedish Åå /o/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4]
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