Yorkish/lexicon

Aa

• aback /a'pak/ adv., prep. behind, at the back
• afor /a'fɒr/ adv., prep. before, in front of
• aikarn /'ɛakərn/ n. acorn
• amil(l) /a'mɪl/ prep. between, among
• anner (var. annar, annen /anɪn/, ander /antər/) /anər/ det. other, another; second; different; reciprocal pronominal modifier
• annar (var. anner, annen /anɪn/, ander /antər/) /anər/ pron. someone else, another thing
• annat (var. andat /antɪt/) /anɪt/ pron. something else, another thing
• ans (var. in(n)s /ɪns/) /ans~ɪns/ conj. nor, and not; neither
• at /ə/ part. infinitival marker, relative marker, indirect discourse marker; "that … "
• at, thaener (vars. that, hat, tho /θʊə/) /(h)at~ət/, /'θɛanər/ pron. dem. med. that
• at (vars. that, hat), ats /(h)at~ət/, /əts/ pron. pers. 3nsg. it, its
• aul(l) (var. all) /ɒːl/ det., adv. every, all of; emphatic element after interrogatives
• aullan (var. allan, aullen) /'ɒːlɪn/ pron. everyone, all of them
• aullat (var. allat, aullet) /'ɒːlɪt/ pron. everything, all of that, it, these, those
• aweʒ /a'wei/ adv., adj. away, hence; en route, on the way; gone

Bb

• bae (var. ba(e)then /pεaθɪn/) /pεa/ det., pron. both, each of two
• bank /pank/ n. (river, lake, water) bank; elevation, hill, slope
• bar (var. bair /pεar/) /par/ adj., adv. bare, naked; plain, simple, pure; simply, just
• at beithe, beiths, bett (var. weithe /weːθ/, weitt /weːt/) /peːθ/, /pεt/ v. to hunt, fish
• at beuthe, beuths, bouth, boutt (var. bithes /pεiθs/, bott /pɒt/) /pʏəθ/, /pʊəθ/, /pʊət/ v. to offer, bid; to invite
• bie /pεi/ (var. by) n. town, city
• big /pɪk/ n. bug, insect
• at bigʒe, bigʒs, biʒt (var. bygʒe) /pɪc/, /pɪçt/ v. to build, construct
• at birre, birrs, birrt (var. byrre) /pɪr/, /pɪrt/ v. to begin, start
• at bithe, bithes, beithe, bitt (var. bie /pεi/) /pεiθ/, /peːθ/, /pɪt/ v. to wait; to abide, suffer
• at bithe, biths, bathe, bett (var. bithʒe) /pɪθ/, /pεaθ/, /pεt/ v. to ask, request; to beg, plead; to pray
• bluith /plʏəθ/ n. blood; offspring, family, dynasty
• at boue, bies, bue, buin (var. bye, bous, buit) /pʊə/, /pεis/, /pʏə/, /pʏən/ v. to live, abide, reside, dwell; to prepare
• braw (var. bra) /prɒː/ adj. good, fine, agreeable
• breve (var. bref) /prɪəf/ n. letter, correspondence
• brither (var. brir /prɪər/, bruither /'prʏθər/, bruir /prʏər/) /'prɪθər/ n. brother
• buik /pʏək/ n. book; beech (tree and wood)

Cc

• at ceike, ceiks, ceikt /cçəik/, /cçəit/ v. to look, peek
• ceʒ /cçei/ adv. never; usually dispreferred in favour of plain eʒ, but may be used when in emphasis
• at cenne, cens, cent /cçεn/, /cçεnt/ v. to know, recognise; to feel, perceive
• cere /cçɪər/ adj. (lit.) dear, beloved
• cet (var. cett) /cçεt/ n. meat
• cir (var. cyrr) /cçɪr/ adj. calm, relaxed
• at cirre, cirs, cirt (var. cyrre) /cçɪr/, /cçɪrt/ v. to calm, pacify; (refl.) to become calm, calm down
• at cisse, cisses, cist (var. cysse) /cçɪs/, /cçɪsɪs/, /cçɪst/ v. to kiss
• at cuise, cuises, kous, kousen (var. cuist /cçʏəst/) /cçʏəs/, /cçʏəsɪs/, /kʰʊəs/, /kʰʊəsɪn/ v. to choose; to elect, vote for; to prefer, favour

Dd

• daw (var. daʒ, deʒ /tei/) /tɒː/ n. day
• at deiʒe, deis, duit, dout (var. dain /tɛan/) /tei/, /teːs/, /tʏət/, /tʊət/ v. to die
• dout (var. douth /tʊəθ/) /tʊət/ adj. dead, deceased
• at dreppe, dreps, drept /trεp/, /trεt/ v. to kill, murder
• at druccen, druccens, druccent (var. druicne) /trʏcɪn/, /trʏcɪnt/ v. to drown

Ee

• efter /εftər/ adv., prep. after, later in time
• ei, (before vowels) en (vars. en, et, nei esp. in set phrases) /eː()n~ə(n)/ det. indefinite article; a, an
• eʒ /ei/ adv. always, ever
• els (var. ells, eller /εlər/) /εls/ conj. or; or else, otherwise
• end /εnt/ n. end, conclusion; point; the rear end, bottom, arse, ass
• ennae /ε'nεa/ adv., conj. however; although
• ether /εθər/ n. vein, sinew
• at ette, ets, et (var. ete /ɪət/ esp. for present tense) /εt/ v. to eat
• at ettle, ettles, ettlet /εtəl/, /εtəlt/ v. to try; to intend, mean

Ff

• faʒr (var. feʒr, fair) /feːr/ adj. fair, beautiful, pretty
• at falle, falls, fell, fellt /fal/, /fεl/, /fεlt/ v. to fall, drop; to die, perish; to fit
• fast /fast/ adj., adv. secure, firm, fixed; quick
• father (var. far /fɒːr/) /'faθər/ n. father, dad
• feilaw /fəilə/ n. partnership; company, organisation
• at feithe, feiths, fett (var. fethe /fεθ/, feitt /fəit/) /fəiθ/, /fεt/ v. to feed, rear, bring up; to give birth (to)
• feʒ /fei/ adj. fey, strange, otherworldly; foreign, unfamiliar; weird, odd
• fella (var. feila /fəilə/, feilaʒ) /fεlə/ n. friend, comrade, partner
• at felle, fells, fellt /fεl/, /fεlt/ v. to make fall, fell, drop; to shed (tears, bark, etc.); to kill, slay
• at finne, fins, fan, fund /fɪn/, /fan/, /fʊnt/ v. to find, discover; feel, sense
• at fille, fills, fillt (var. fylle) /fɪl/, /fɪlt/ v. to fill; fulfill, complete
• fisc /fɪsc/ n. fish; flesh of a fish
• at flie, flies, flout (var. fliʒe, flowt) /flεi/, /fluːt/ v. to flee, run away, escape; avoid, abstain (from smth.)
• fluit (var. fleut) /flʏət/ adj., adv. quick, fast, swift
• for /fɒr/ prep. for (one's benefit, goal, cause); so to, in order to
• forthi /fɒrθi/ conj. because, since
• frae (var. fra, fre) /frεa~frə/ prep., adv. from, away from
• fram (var. frem /frεm/) /fram/ adv. forward, forth; (w/ combining prep.) up to
• fremae /frε'mεa/ adv. forward, onward
• frend /frεnt/ n. kinsman, relative; cousin

Gg

• at ganne, gans, gent (vars. gange /kaŋ/, gae /cɛa/, gek /cεk/) /kan/, /cεnt/ v. to go, walk; fare; be fitting
• gate (vars. giate, gait) /cεat/ n. path, road; way; a walk
• at geime, geims, gemt /ceːm/, /cε[mn]t/ v. to keep safe, preserve; to hide, keep hidden
• at giare, giar, gis, gi, gin (vars. gʒare, giars, giarth, giarn) /car/, /cɪs/, /cɪt/, /cɪn/ v. to do, perform; make; auxiliary verb (esp. in negations and questions)
• at gie, gies, giae, gin (vars. ge(e), gae) /cɪə/, /cεa/, /cɪn/ v. to give
• gin /cɪn/ conj. if, whether
• glas /klas/ n. glass (material, vessel)
• glath /klaθ/ adj., adv. glad, happy, content
• grad /krat/ n. degree, level, grade
• grein /kreːn/ n. branch; bough
• grim /krɪm/ adj. mean, nasty; grumpy, ill-tempered
• grund /krʊnt/ n. ground, land; foundation, base
• guth (var. goth /kɒθ/) /kʊθ/ n. god, deity; (Christian) God; (Islam) Allah
• guith /cʏəθ/ adj. good, righteous, honest; kind, friendly; gifted, skilled; fine, well

Hh

• hale /çεal/ n. tail, brush
• han, hun, hans /han~ʏn/, /ɪns/ pron. pers. 3msg. he, him, his
• harthle (var. harth /harθ/, harl /harɪl/) /harθɪl/ adv. very, greatly
• at haulde, haulds, helt (var. haulle /hɒːl/) /hɒlt/, /hɒls/, /çεlt/ v. to hold, keep; protect; endure
• at have, ha, has, hat (var. hae /hεa/) /hɒː~hεa/, /ha/, /has/, /ha(t)/ v. to have, hold; keep, maintain; bring, carry; feel, fare; perfect auxiliary verb
• at heire, heirs, hert /çeːr/, /çεrt/ v. to hear, listen
• at helpe, helps, helpt /çεlp/, /çεlt/ v. to help, assist
• himmen (var. himmin) /'çɪmɪn/ n. the sky, the heavens; (Christian) Heaven, Paradise
• at hitte, hits, hit /çɪt/ v. to hit, strike; to find
• hous (var. hows) /huːs/ n. house, home
• houth (var. howth) /hʊəθ/ n. head; mind; top, end
• huil (var. heul) /çʏəl/ n. wheel, tire
• hwae, hwem, hwaes (var. hwar) /ʍɛa/, /ʍɛm/, /ʍɛas/ int. pron. who, whom, whose
• hwan (var. hwen /ʍɛn/) /ʍan/ int. adv. when; after
• hwar (var. hwair /ʍɛar/) /ʍar/ int. adv. where
• hwarniʒ /'ʍarni/ int. adv. why, how
• hwat /ʍat/ int. pron. what

Ii

• iaften (var. i aften, ʒaften, ʒafen /'jafɪn/) /i'aftɪn/ adv., n. last night, yesterday evening
• ick (var. ik) /ɪk/ adv. no, not
• ick, (denoting persons) inn (vars. e(i)ʒ /eː/, ingen /ɪŋkɪn/, int /ɪnt/) /ɪk/, /ɪn/ pron. neg. det. no, not any
• idaw (var. i daw, i deʒ /i'tei/) /i'tɒː/ adv., n. today
• ien (var. icken) /ɪən/ pron. neg. anm. no one, nobody
• iet (var. icket) /ɪət/ pron. neg. inan. nothing
• igiar (var. i giar, i gar /i'kɒːr/) /i'cɪər/ adv., n. yesterday
• ill /ɪl/ adj. bad, evil, unkind; unlucky
• imoren (var. i moren, i morgen) /i'mɒrɪn/ adv., n. tomorrow
• i, (before vowels) in /i/, /ɪn/ prep. in, into; in, for (a time, duration)

Ʒʒ

• ʒae /jεa/ adv., intj. yes, yea
• ʒe, me /jɪə~jə/, /məi~mə/ pron. pers. 1sg. I, me, my
• ʒi, ʒer (vars. ʒe /jəi/, ther /θər/) /jɛi/, /jər~ɪər/ pron. pers. 2pl. you, your

Kk

• at kaste, kasts, kastet /kʰast/, /kʰass/, /kʰastɪt/ v. to cast, throw, toss; throw away, discard
• kemmi (var. cemmi /'cçɛmi/) /'kʰ(w)[ɛə]mi~'cçɛmi/ n. a Kemmi; a wandering Copt
• at klivver, klivvers, klivvert (var. klivvre) /kʰlɪfər/, /kʰlɪfərt/ v. to climb, clamber
• at komme, koms, kom, komt (var. cem /cçɛm/) /kʰɒm/, /kʰɒmt/ v. to come, arrive
• koss (var. ciss /cçɪs/) /kʰɒs/ n. kiss
• at koupe, koups, ceft (var. kowpe, koppe /kʰɒp/) /kʰʊəp/, /cçεft/ v. to buy, purchase; to barter, trade; (rare) to haggle, bargain for
• at kunne, kan, kun, kunt /kʰʊn/, /kʰan/, /kʰʊn/, /kʰʊnt/ v. to know; to be able, can, know how to; to be possible, likely; may

Ll

• at legʒe, legʒs, lauth, laut (var. legge, lauthen /lɒːθɪn/) /lɛc/, /lɒːθ/, /lɒːt/ v. to lay, put, set; to lay down (rules, an order), settle (a dispute)
• at leipe, leips, loupt (var. loupe /lʊəp/, luip(t) /lʏə[pt]/) /leːp/, /lʊət/ v. to jump, leap; to sprint, gallop, dash
• at l(e)iʒe, liʒs, lout (var. lewe /lɪu/, luit /lʏət/) /lɛi/, /lʊət/ v. to lie, deceive
• at ligʒe, ligʒs, lae, lein (var. ligge) /lɪc/, /lɛa/, /leːn/ v. to lie, lie down; to be located in
• little (var. littel, lit /lɪt/ esp. when used as a determiner or adverbially) /lɪtɪl/ adj., adv., det. little, small (in size, amount, quantity); to a small extent; a small amount or number of, few
• at liste, lists, listet (var. lyst) /lɪst/, /lɪss/, /lɪstɪt/ v. to desire, want; to like, love
• luith /lʏəθ/ n. song, poem

Mm

• man, men /man/, /mɛn/ n. man, person
• mat /mat/ n. food, a type of food; a meal
• at matte, ma(w), mat (var. motte /mɒt/, mawe /mɒː/, meʒe /mei/ esp. in lit. contexts) /mat/, /mɒː/, /mat/ v. to be allowed to, be permitted, may; (rare) to be able to
• mark /mark/ n. (slang) horse
• marken (var. market /markɪt/) /markɪn/ n. market(s), shop(s); (slang) horse auction
• merk /mɛrk/ adj. black, dark
• merk /mɛrk/ n. night, darkness
• mickle (var. mickel, mick /mɪk/) /mɪkɪl/ adj., adv., det. big, great (in size, amount, quantity); to a great extent; a great amount or number of, many
• mi (var. mith) /mi~mɪt/ prep. with (in company of), by (means, manner, vehicle)
• mither (var. mir /mɪər/, muither /'mʏθər/, muir /mʏər/) /'mɪθər/ n. mother, mum, mam

Nn

• nat (var. natt, net /nɛt/) /nat/ n. night
• nei (var. neʒ) /nei/ adv., intj. no, nay
• niʒe (var. nie) /nɛi/ adj. new, recent
• at nitte, nitts, nittet (var. nytte, nyttʒe) /nɪt/, /nɪtɪt/ v. to use, employ; to be of use, useful
• noe (var. nock) /nʊə/ pron. indef. adj. some, any
• noen (var. nocken) /nʊən/ pron. indef. anm. someone, somebody; anyone, anybody
• noet (var. nocket) /nʊət/ pron. indef. inan. something; anything
• nou (var. now) /nu:/ adv. now, at this moment

Oo

• o (var. aw, a /a~ə/) /ɒ:~ə/ prep. of, from, out of; of (some amount)
• oer (var. eir /əir/) /ʊər/ prep., adv. over, above; across
• oʒ (var. ow, og) /ʊə~ɒ/ conj. and, also
• oʒsa (var. osso, oʒsae /ɒ'sɛa/) /ɒ'sɒː/ adv. also, in addition, as well, too
• oʒsa (var. also, alsau /ɒl'sɒː/) /ɒ'sɒː/ adv. too, excessively
• out (var. ut /ʊt/) /uːt/ prep., adv. out, out of; except, besides; outside

Pp

• pae, (before vowels) pen (var. uppae /ʊ'pʰɛa/) /pʰɛa/, /pʰɛn/ prep. on, upon, onto; on (horseback, vehicle); by, beside; at (a time of day); (+prs. part) about to, just at the point of; while, as
• at prinne, prins, print /pʰrɪn/, /pʰrɪnt/ v. (slang) to buy, barter; to haggle

Rr

• at rathe, rathes, reith, rett /rɛaθ/, /rəiθ/, /rɛt/ v. to advise, decide; to rule, command; to read, understand, explain
• at reice, reics, reict (var. recce /rɛc/) /reːc/, /reːt/ v. to fill with smoke, incense; to preserve, dry (food) with smoke; to pacify (bees) with smoke
• at reuke, reuks, rouk, roukt (var. ruike /rʏək/, rike /rɛik/) /rɪʊk/, /rʊək/, /rʊət/ v. to smoke, reek, stink, emit fumes; to inhale smoke (tobacco, etc.)
• rever (var. reffer /rɛfər/) /rɪəfər/ n. (arch.) fox
• rig /rɪk/ n. back, ridge

Ss

• sae (var. swae /swɛa~sɒː/) /sɛa/ adv., conj. to such an extent, in such a manner; so that, for such a reason; (in Scan. fashion; lit., form.) then, next
• sakert /'sakərt/ n. (Catholic) priest
• sam /sam~səm/ part. like, as
• -samen (var. -saman) /-samɪn/ pron. suffix -(so)ever; for use with interrogative pronouns: an emphatic or indefinite suffix
• at sasse, sasses, sasst (var. sʒasse /ɕas/) /sas/, /sast/ v. (slang; Kemmi) to chat, talk, mutter
• at scathe, scathes, scett (var. sc[ae]ithe /sceːθ/) /scɛaθ/, /scɛt/ v. to hurt, damage smth.
• at scille, scills, scilt /scɪl/, /scɪlt/ v. to understand, comprehend; discern, tell apart, distinguish
• at scippe, scips, scipt /scɪp/, /scɪt/ v. to arrange, put in order
• see (var. sei /səi/) /sɪə/ n. sea, ocean; any large body of water, lake
• at see, sees, saw, sein /sɪə/, /sɒː/, /səin/ v. to see
• at seike, seiks, suit (var. sicke /sɪk/) /səik/, /sʏət/ v. to seek, look for; to try, have a go
• at seʒe, seʒs, saut /sei/, /sɒːt/ v. to say, tell
• at selle, sells, selt (var. selʒe) /sɛl/, /sɛlt/ v. to sell; to hand over, deliver
• sent /sɛnt/ adj., adv. late, near the end; recently, not long ago
• at sette, sets, sat (var. setʒe) /sɛt/, /sat/ v. to seat, set, place, put; to set up, establish; to set, go down
• sicker /'sɪkər/ adj., adv. sure, certain
• siller (var. silver /sɪlfər/) /'sɪlər/ n. silver; money, cash; coin(s), change
• sister (var. syster, sir /sɪər/) /'sɪstər/ n. sister
• sithe /sɛiθ/ n. side, edge, surface
• sʒen (var. sen /sɛn/) /ɕɛn/ n. self; reflexive pronominal suffix
• sʒo, hen, hens (var. sʒon) /ʃʏ(ə)/, /ən/, /ɪns/ pron. pers. 3fsg. she, her
• skant (var. skam /skam/) /skant/ adj. short in distance or height; short in time, brief; short in supply, scarce, meager
• skou (var. skow) /skʊə/ n. forest, wood
• at skrive, skrives, skrievt /skrɛif/, /skrɛift/ v. to write
• at skulle, ska(l), sci(l)d /skʊl/, /skɒː~skə/, /scɪt/ v. future auxiliary verb; shall, will; (past tense) conditional auxiliary verb; should, would; must
• slik (var. slick) /slɪk/ det. such; like this, like that
• spele (var. speel) /spɪəl/ n. story, tale; talk, gossip
• at spirre, spirs, spirt /spɪr/, /spɪrt/ v. to ask, inquire, request
• at styre, styres, styrt /stɛir/, /stɪrt/ v. to steer, control; rule, govern
• at stinge, stings, stang /stɪnk/, /stank/ v. to stab, sting, prick; pierce, strike (w/ sharp instr.)
• at stoppe, stops, stopt /stɒp/, /stɒt/ v. to stop, halt, cease
• at strithe, strithes, stritt /strɛiθ/, /strɪt/ v. to fight; to strive against; (+for) to fight for, argue for
• sulten (var. suilten, silten /sɪltɪn/) /sʏltɪn/ adj. hungry
• at sweffe, swefs, swaft (var. soufe /sʊəf/) /swɛf/, /swaft/ v. to sleep
• at swimme, swims, swam /swɪm/, /swam/ v. to swim

Tt

• taffi /'tʰafi/ n. fox; a Cumbrian
• at tale, tals, tault (vars. talle /tʰal/, taulle /tʰɒːl/) /tʰɛal/, /tʰals/, /tʰɒːlt/ v. to speak, talk; to record, tell, recount; (+prep) speak to, talk to
• at tecke, teks, tuik, teken (var. tacke /tʰak/) /tʰɛk/, /tʰʏək/, /tʰɪəkən/ v. to take, get, bring; catch, hold; steal, snatch
• tha (vars. thou /θuː/, the) /θɒː~θəi~θə/ pron. pers. 2sg. you, yours; thou, thee, thy
• thae (vars. tha /θɒː/) /θɛa/ adv. at that time; then, next in sequence (of events, ordering); also, besides
• the (vars. then, thet) /θə~t/ det. definite article; the
• thei (vars. thae /θɛa~θɪə/), (th)em, ther /θeː/, /(θ)ɪm/, /θeːr~θər/ pron. pers. 3pl. they, them, their
• at thinke, thinks, thot /θɪnk/, /θɒt/ v. to seem, appear; (oft. +refl.) to seem to oneself, think, suppose, have such an opinion that
• at thirve, thar(f), thirt (var. thuirve /θʏrf/, tharve /θarf/) /θɪrf/, /θar(f)/, /θɪrt/ v. to need, require; to have to
• til(l) /tʰɪl/ (var. ti /tʰɪ/) prep. to, at, towards
• tree /'tʰrɪə/ n. tree, wood

Uu

• um (var. om) /ʊm/ prep. about, around; past, beyond; regarding; on, along; during; (rare, form.) if, whether
• at under, unders, undert /ʊntər/, /ʊntərt/ v. to wonder, ponder, contemplate
• ut (var. out /uːt/) /ʊt/ conj. but, except; see prep. out

Ww

• at wacke, wacks, wackt /wak/, /wat/ v. to be awake, alert; to watch, observe
• at wacken, wackens, wackent /wakɪn/, /wakɪnt/ v. to be wake up, awaken
• at ware, am, art, is, ar, war, wa(r)n /war/, /am/, /art/, /ɪs/, /ar/, /war/, /wɪn/ v. copular; to be; continuous/imperfective auxiliary verb; present perfect auxiliary verb (with stative and unaccusative verbs)
• watter /watər/ n. water; a stream, river; a body of water, lake, sea
• weʒ /wei/ n. way, road, path, route
• at wenne, wens, went (vars. wenske, wensks, wensket /wɛnsk/, /wɛnskɪt/) /wɛn/, /wɛnt/ v. to wish, desire; to hope
• at wende, wends, went (var. wendet) /wɛnt/ v. to turn (something); (oft. +refl) to turn in place; to change
• wi, os, our (vars. we /wəi/, us, uir /ʏər/) /wɛi/, /ɒs~ɪs/, /ʊər/ pron. pers. 1pl. we, us, our
• at wille, will, wilt /wɪl/, /wɪlt/ v. to desire, wish for, intend; to agree, assent
• win (var. winn) /wɪn/ n. friend; lover
• at wise, wises, wiest (var. wiset) /wɛis/, /wɛisɪs/, /wɛist/ v. to show, point out; to instruct, demonstrate
• wi (var. with) /wi~wɪt/ prep. against, towards; with (inst.), among; beside, next to; by (agent)
• at witte, weit, wis, wist /wɪt/, /weːt/, /wɪs/, /wɪst/ v. to know, be aware of, certain about